In vitro fertilization (IVF) has completely changed the field of reproductive medicine. More than 80% of oocytes were reported to resume meiosis independent of the menstrual cycle day and gonadotropin support in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium. Collection and IVM of these already existing immature oocytes provides multiple metaphase II (MII) oocytes that can be fertilized in vitro. Young women with high antral-follicle counts achieve the highest pregnancy rates with IVM. Therefore, IVM is considered an established treatment option for women with polycystic ovaries (PCO) or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) who need treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Age of the woman and the number of oocytes collected are the two most important determinants of pregnancy following an IVM cycle. Young women with PCO are the best candidates for IVM treatment. IVM is a relatively new technology and clinical experience with this technique is limited compared to conventional IVF.