Book contents
- Storm and Sack
- Cambridge Military Histories
- Storm and Sack
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1 Sieges in the Long Eighteenth Century
- 2 Surrender
- 3 Storm
- 4 Garrisons: The Fate of Enemy Soldiers
- 5 On Wellington’s Watch
- 6 Plunder
- 7 Atrocities against Civilians
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Bibliography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 September 2022
Book contents
- Storm and Sack
- Cambridge Military Histories
- Storm and Sack
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1 Sieges in the Long Eighteenth Century
- 2 Surrender
- 3 Storm
- 4 Garrisons: The Fate of Enemy Soldiers
- 5 On Wellington’s Watch
- 6 Plunder
- 7 Atrocities against Civilians
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Storm and SackBritish Sieges, Violence and the Laws of War in the Napoleonic Era, 1799–1815, pp. 278 - 297Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2022
References
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Adye, Stephen Payne, A Treatise on Courts Martial, to Which Is Added, An Essay on Military Punishments and Rewards (New York, 1769).Google Scholar
Aitchison, John, An Ensign in the Peninsular War. The Letters of John Aitchison, ed. Thompson, W. F. K. (London, 1981).Google Scholar
Anon, An Authentic Narrative of the Proceedings of the Expedition against Buenos Ayres, under the Command of Lieut. Gen. Whitelocke. By an Irish Officer (Dublin, 1808).Google Scholar
Anon, ‘Letter from an unknown officer’, Gawilghur 16 December 1803, in Bennell, Anthony S., ed., The Maratha War Papers of Arthur Wellesley: January to December 1803 (Stroud, 1998), pp. 410–12.Google Scholar
Anon, The Military Mentor: Being a Series of Letters Recently Written by a General Officer to His Son, on His Entering the Army (2nd edn, 2 vols, London, 1804).Google Scholar
Anon, Narrative Sketches of the Conquest of the Mysore, Effected by the British Troops and Their Allies, in the Capture of Seringapatam, and the Death of Tippoo Sultaun, May 4, 1799 (2nd edn, London, 1800).Google Scholar
Anon, Notes on the Viceroyalty of La Plata, in South America: With a Sketch of the Manners and Character of the Inhabitants, Collected during a Residence in the City of Monte Video, by a Gentleman Recently Returned from It (London, 1809).Google Scholar
Anon, ‘Table-Talk of an Old Campaigner – Assault of Badajoz’, The United Service Journal (1834), Part 3, pp. 50–7.Google Scholar
Beatson, Alexander, A View of the Origin and Conduct of the War with Tippoo Sultaun (London, 1800).Google Scholar
Bingham, George, Wellington’s Lieutenant, Napoleon’s Gaoler: The Peninsula and St Helena Diaries and Letters of Sir George Ridout Bingham 1809–21, ed. Glover, Gareth (Barnsley, 2004).Google Scholar
Blakeney, Robert, A Boy in the Peninsular War: The Services, Adventures, and Experiences of Robert Blakeney, ed. Sturgis, Julian (London, 1899).Google Scholar
Blakiston, John, Twelve Years’ Military Adventure in Three Quarters of the Globe (2 vols, London, 1829).Google Scholar
Boutflower, Charles, The Journal of an Army Surgeon during the Peninsular War (Staplehurst, 1997).Google Scholar
Bowles, George, A Guards Officer in the Peninsula and at Waterloo: The Letters of Captain George Bowles, Coldstream Guards, 1807–1819, ed. Glover, Gareth (Godmanchester, 2008).Google Scholar
Bragge, William, Peninsular Portrait 1811–1814: The Letters of Captain William Bragge, ed. Cassels, S. A. C. (London, 1963).Google Scholar
Brett-James, Antony, ed., Wellington at War, 1794–1815: A Selection of His Wartime Letters (London, 1961).Google Scholar
Bridgeman, Orlando, A Young Gentleman at War: The Letters of Captain Orlando Bridgeman 1st Foot Guards in the Peninsula and at Waterloo 1812–1815, ed. Glover, Gareth (Godmanchester, 2008).Google Scholar
Browne, Thomas Henry, The Napoleonic War Journal of Captain Thomas Henry Browne, 1807–1816, ed. Buckley, Roger Norman (London, 1987).Google Scholar
Buchanan, Francis, A Journey from Madras through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar (3 vols, London, 1807).Google Scholar
Burke, Edmund, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origins of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (London, 1757).Google Scholar
Campagne de la grande armée en Saxe, en Prusse et en Pologne, en l’an 1806 et l’an 1807 (Paris, 1807).Google Scholar
Carnot, Lazare, A Treatise on the Defence of Fortified Places: Written under the Direction and Published by Command of Buonaparté, for the Instruction and Guidance of the Officers of the French Army (London, 1814).Google Scholar
Carter, John V., Ensign Carter’s Journal: The Peninsular Diary of Ensign John V. Carter, 30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot, ed. Glover, Gareth (Huntingdon, 2006).Google Scholar
Clausewitz, Carl von, On War, ed. and trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (New York, 1993).Google Scholar
Cocks, Edward, Intelligence Officer in the Peninsula: Letters and Diaries of Major the Hon. Edward Charles Cocks 1787–1812, ed. Page, Julia V (Tunbridge Wells, 1986).Google Scholar
Codrington, Edward, Memoir of the Life of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington, ed. Bourchier, Lady (2 vols, London, 1873).Google Scholar
Colebrooke, Thomas Edward, Life of the Honourable Mountstuart Elphinstone (2 vols, London, 1884).Google Scholar
Contreras, Juan Senen, Relation of the Siege of Tarragona, and the Storming and Capture of that City by the French in June, 1811 (London, 1813).Google Scholar
Cooke, John, Memoirs of the Late War: Comprising the Personal Narrative of Captain John Cooke of the 43rd Regiment Light Infantry (2 vols, London, 1831).Google Scholar
Cooper, John Spencer, Rough Notes of Seven Campaigns in Portugal, Spain, France and America during the Years 1809–1815, ed. Fletcher, Ian (Staplehurst, 1996 [1869]).Google Scholar
Dansey, Charles, The Letters of 2nd Captain Charles Dansey, Royal Artillery, 1806–1813, ed. Glover, Gareth (Huntingdon, 2006).Google Scholar
Dickson, Alexander, The Dickson Manuscripts, ed. Leslie, J. H., Series C – from 1809 to 1818 (Woolwich, 1908).Google Scholar
Donaldson, Joseph, Recollections of the Eventful Life of a Soldier (Philadelphia, 1845).Google Scholar
Douglas, John, Douglas’s Tale of the Peninsula and Waterloo, ed. Monick, Stanley (London, 1997).Google Scholar
Dyneley, Thomas, Letters Written by Lieut.-General Thomas Dyneley While on Active Service Between the Years 1806 and 1815 (London, 1984).Google Scholar
Ewart, John Frederick, The Peninsular War Diary of Captain John Frederick Ewart, 52nd Light Infantry, 1811–12, ed. Glover, Gareth (Godmanchester, 2010).Google Scholar
Foucart, Paul-Jean, Campagne de Prusse (1806): d’après les archives de la guerre (2 vols, Paris, 1887–90).Google Scholar
Frazer, Augustus, Letters of Colonel Sir Augustus Simon Frazer Commanding the Royal Horse Artillery in the Army under the Duke of Wellington, ed. Sabine, Edward (Uckfield, 2001 [1853]).Google Scholar
Freer, , ‘Letters from the Peninsula: The Freer Family Correspondence 1807–1814’, ed. Scarfe, Norman, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological Society, 29 (1953), 3–39.Google Scholar
Fremantle, John, Wellington’s Voice: The Candid Letters of Lieutenant Colonel John Fremantle, Coldstream Guards 1808–1837, ed. Glover, Gareth (London, 2012).Google Scholar
Gentili, Alberico, De Jure Belli Libri Tres (1612 edn), trans. John C. Rolfe (3 vols, Oxford, 1933).Google Scholar
Gleig, George, The Subaltern: A Chronicle of the Peninsular War (2nd edn, Edinburgh, 1826).Google Scholar
Glover, Gareth, ed., From Corunna to Waterloo: The Letters and Journals of Two Napoleonic Hussars (London, 2007).Google Scholar
Gomm, William, Letters and Journals of Field-Marshal Sir William Maynard Gomm from 1799 to Waterloo, 1815, ed. Carr-Gomm, F. C. (London, 1881).Google Scholar
Grattan, William, Adventures with the Connaught Rangers, from 1808 to 1814 (2 vols, London, 1847).Google Scholar
Hansard, T. C., Parliamentary Debates.Google Scholar
Harley, John, The Veteran, or Forty Years in the British Service (2 vols, London, 1838).Google Scholar
Henegan, Richard D., Seven Years’ Campaigning in the Peninsula and the Netherlands, from 1808 to 1815 (2 vols, London, 1846).Google Scholar
Hennell, George, A Gentleman Volunteer: The Letters of George Hennell from the Peninsular War 1812–1813, ed. Glover, Michael (London, 1979).Google Scholar
Hook, Theodore E., The Life of General, the Rt. Hon Sir David Baird (2 vols, London, 1832).Google Scholar
Hunt, Eric, ed., Charging Against Napoleon: Diaries and Letters of Three Hussars 1808–1815 (Barnsley, 2001).Google Scholar
James, Charles, An Universal Military Dictionary, in English and French; in Which Are Explained the Terms of the Principal Sciences That Are Necessary for the Information of an Officer (4th edn, London, 1816).Google Scholar
Jones, John T., Journals of the Sieges Undertaken by the Allies in Spain in the Years 1811 and 1812 (London, 1814).Google Scholar
Jones, John T., Journals of Sieges Carried on by the Army under the Duke of Wellington in Spain, Between the Years 1811 to 1814 (3rd edn, 3 vols, London, 1846).Google Scholar
Jones, Rice, An Engineer Officer under Wellington in the Peninsula, ed., Shore, H. V. (Cambridge, 1986).Google Scholar
Kincaid, John, Adventures in the Rifle Brigade in the Peninsula, France, and the Netherlands from 1809 to 1815 (London, 1830).Google Scholar
Kinloch, Charles, A Hellish Business: The Letters of Captain Charles Kinloch 52nd Light Infantry, 1806–16, ed. Glover, Gareth (Godmanchester, 2007).Google Scholar
Lamare, Jean-Baptiste, An Account of the Second Defence of the Fortress of Badajoz by the French in 1812 (Chatham, 1824).Google Scholar
Larpent, Francis Seymour, The Private Journal of Judge-Advocate Larpent, Attached to the Head-Quarters of Lord Wellington during the Peninsular War, from 1812 to Its Close, ed. Robertson, Ian (3rd edn, Staplehurst, 2000 [1853]).Google Scholar
Lawrence, William, A Dorset Soldier: The Autobiography of Sergeant William Lawrence, 1790–1869, ed. Hathaway, Eileen (Staplehurst, 1995).Google Scholar
Le Blond, Guillaume, The Military Engineer: Or, A Treatise on the Attack and Defence of All Kinds of Fortified Places (London, 1759).Google Scholar
Lloyd, Henry, The History of the Late War in Germany; Between the King of Prussia, and the Empress of Germany and her Allies (vol 1, London, 1766).Google Scholar
Lloyd, Henry, Continuation of the History of the Late War in Germany; Between the King of Prussia, and the Empress of Germany and Her Allies, Part II (London, 1781).Google Scholar
Lushington, Stephen Rumbold, The Life and Services of General Lord Harris (London, 1840).Google Scholar
Marcel, Nicolas, Campagnes en Espagne et au Portugal 1808–1814, ed. Var, Louis, (Paris, 2003 [1913]).Google Scholar
McGann, Jerome J., ed., Lord Byron: The Complete Poetical Works, vol. 2: Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (Oxford, 1980).Google Scholar
Melito, Miot de, Memoirs of Count Miot de Melito, ed. Fleischmann, General (New York, 1981).Google Scholar
Oman, Charles, ‘A Dragoon of the Legion’, Blackwood’s Magazine, cxciii (1913), pp. 293–309.Google Scholar
Pester, John, War and Sport in India 1802–1806: An Officer’s Diary, ed. Devenish, J. A. (London, 1912).Google Scholar
Price, David, Memoirs of the Early Life and Service of a Field Officer in the Retired List of the Indian Army (London, 1839).Google Scholar
Robinson, F. P., ‘A Peninsular Brigadier: Letters of Major-General Sir E. P. Robinson, K. C. B. dealing with the Campaign of 1813’, ed. C. T. Atkinson, Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 34 (1956), 153–70.Google Scholar
Robinson, H. B., ed., Memoirs of Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Picton, Including His Correspondence (rev 2nd edn, 2 vols, London, 1836).Google Scholar
Rowley, G., ‘Journal of the Siege of Seringapatam’, in Reports, Correspondence and Original Papers, on various professional subjects, connected with the Duties of the Corps of Engineers, Madras Presidency, ed. Bell, Major J. H. (vol 4, Madras, 1856), pp. 119–30.Google Scholar
Rules and Articles for the Better Government of All His Majesty’s Forces (London, 1815).Google Scholar
Schaumann, August, On the Road with Wellington: The Diary of a War Commissary in the Peninsular Campaign, ed. Ludovici, Anthony M. (London, 1924).Google Scholar
Schiller, Friedrich, The History of the Thirty Years War in Germany (2 vols, London, 1799).Google Scholar
Sherer, Moyle, Recollections of the Peninsula, ed. Haythornthwaite, Philip (Staplehurst, 1996 [1823]).Google Scholar
Smith, George Lewis, The Monuments and Genii of St Paul’s Cathedral and Westminster Abbey (2 vols, London, 1839).Google Scholar
Smith, Harry, The Autobiography of Sir Harry Smith 1787–1819, ed. Moore Smith, G. C. (3rd edn, London, 1910).Google Scholar
Stanhope, James, Eyewitness to the Peninsular War and the Battle of Waterloo: The Letters and Journals of Lieutenant Colonel the Honourable James Hamilton Stanhope, 1803 to 1825, ed. Glover, Gareth (Barnsley, 2010).Google Scholar
Stanhope, Philip Henry, Notes of Conversations with the Duke of Wellington, 1831–1851 (New York, 1888).Google Scholar
Sterne, Laurence, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (7 vols, London, 1760–7).Google Scholar
Swabey, William, Diary of Campaigns in the Peninsula, ed. Whinyates, F. A. (London, 1984 [1895]).Google Scholar
Thomson, William, Memoirs of the Late War in Asia. With a Narrative of the Imprisonment and Suffering of Our Officers and Soldiers by an Officer of Colonel Baillie’s Detachment (2 vols, London, 1788).Google Scholar
Timewell, John, ‘The Diary of a Private Soldier in the Peninsular War’, ed. Verner, Willoughby, Macmillan’s Magazine, 77 (November 1897), pp. 1–10.Google Scholar
Tomkinson, William, The Diary of a Cavalry Officer in the Peninsular War and Waterloo Campaign 1809–1815, ed. Tomkinson, James (2nd edn, London, 1895).Google Scholar
Trial at Large of Lieut. Gen. Whitelocke, Late Commander in Chief of the Forces in South America, by a General Court Martial… Taken by Blanchard and Ramsay (London, 1808).Google Scholar
Tucker, John, A Narrative of the Operations of a Small British Force, under the Command of Brigadier-General Sir Samuel Auchmuty, Employed in the Reduction of Monte Video, on the River Plate, A. D 1807. By a Field Officer on the Staff (London, 1807).Google Scholar
Turpin de Crissé, Lancelot, Commentaires sur les Mémoires de Montecuculi (3 vols, Paris, 1769).Google Scholar
Tytler, Alexander, An Essay on Military Law and the Practice of Courts Martial (London, 1800).Google Scholar
Vassall, Spencer Thomas, Memoir of the Life of Lieutenant-Colonel Vassall (Bristol, 1819).Google Scholar
Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre de, A Manual of Siegecraft and Fortification, tr. with an intro. by George A. Rothrock (Ann Arbor, MI, 1968).Google Scholar
Vitoria, Francisco de, ‘On the Law of War’, in Vitoria: Political Writings, eds. Pagden, Anthony and Lawrance, Jeremy (Cambridge, 1991).Google Scholar
Walters, Samuel, Samuel Walters, Lieutenant RN: The Memoirs of an Officer in Nelson’s Navy, ed. Parkinson, C. Northcote (Liverpool, 2005).Google Scholar
Warre, William, Letters from the Peninsula 1808–1812, ed. Warre, Edmond (Staplehurst, 1999 [1909]).Google Scholar
Wellington, Duke of, The General Orders of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington in Portugal, Spain and France from 1809 to 1814; in the Low Countries and France in 1815…, ed. Gurwood, John (London, 1837).Google Scholar
Wellington, Duke of, The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, During His Various Campaigns in India, Denmark, Portugal, Spain, the Low Countries, and France, ed. Gurwood, John (enlarged edn, 8 vols, London, 1844–7).Google Scholar
Wellington, Duke of, Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur Duke of Wellington, ed. Second Duke of Wellington, (15 vols, London, 1858–72).Google Scholar
Wellington, Duke of, The Mysore Letters and Despatches of the Duke of Wellington, 1799–1805 (Bangalore, 1862).Google Scholar
Wheeler, William, The Letters of Private Wheeler 1809–1828, ed. Liddell Hart, B. H. (Moreton-in-Marsh, 1999 [1951]).Google Scholar
Wilberforce, Robert Isaac, and Wilberforce, Samuel, eds., Life of William Wilberforce (2nd edn, 5 vols, London, 1839).Google Scholar
Wilkie, Fletcher, ‘Recollections of the British Army in the Early Campaigns of the Revolutionary War’, The United Service Journal (1836), Part 2, pp. 486–96; Part 3, pp. 211–16, pp. 503–13.Google Scholar
Wilson, Robert, Brief Remarks on the Character and Composition of the Russian Army, and a Sketch of the Campaigns in Poland in the Years 1806 and 1807 (London, 1810).Google Scholar
Wrottesley, George, ed., Life and Correspondence of Field Marshal Sir John Burgoyne (2 vols, London, 1873).Google Scholar
Aaslestad, Katherine B., ‘Postwar Cities: The Cost of the Wars of 1813–1815 on Society in Hamburg and Leipzig’, in Forrest, Alan, Hagemann, Karen and Rowe, Michael, eds., War, Demobilization and Memory: The Legacy of War in the Era of Atlantic Revolutions (Basingstoke, 2016), pp. 220–35.Google Scholar
Abrams, Lynn, ‘The Taming of Highland Masculinity: Inter-Personal Violence and Shifting Codes of Manhood, c. 1760–1840’, Scottish Historical Review, 92 (2013), 100–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adkins, Lesley, and Adkins, Roy, Gibraltar: The Greatest Siege in British History (London, 2017).Google Scholar
Aksan, Virginia H., ‘Ottoman Military Power in the Eighteenth Century’, in Davies, Brian L., ed., Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1500–1800 (Leiden, 2012), pp. 315–47.Google Scholar
Alder, Ken, Engineering the Revolution: Arms and Enlightenment in France, 1763–1815 (Princeton, NJ, 1997).Google Scholar
Alexander, Don W., Rod of Iron: French Counterinsurgency Policy in Aragon during the Peninsular War (Wilmington, DE, 1985).Google Scholar
Bainbridge, Simon, ‘“Of War and Taking Towns”: Byron’s Siege Poems’, in Shaw, Philip, ed., Romantic Wars: Studies in Culture and Conflict, 1793–1822 (Aldershot, 2000), pp. 161–84.Google Scholar
Bamford, Andrew, A Bold and Ambitious Enterprise: The British Army in the Low Countries 1813–1814 (Barnsley, 2013).Google Scholar
Banister, Julia, Masculinity, Militarism and Eighteenth-Century Culture 1689–1815 (Cambridge, 2018).Google Scholar
Barker-Benfield, G. J., The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Chicago, 1992).Google Scholar
Bartlet, M. Elizabeth C., ‘The New Repertory at the Opéra during the Reign of Terror: Revolutionary Rhetoric and Operatic Consequences’, in Boyd, Malcolm, ed., Music and the French Revolution (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 107–56.Google Scholar
Bartlett, Thomas, ‘Defence Counter-Insurgency and Rebellion: Ireland, 1793–1803’, in Bartlett, Thomas and Jeffery, Keith, eds., A Military History of Ireland (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 247–93.Google Scholar
Bell, David A., The First Total War: Napoleon’s Europe and the Birth of Warfare As We Know It (New York, 2007).Google Scholar
Belmas, Jacques Vital, Journaux des sièges faits ou soutenus par les Français dans la Péninsule de 1807 à 1814 (4 vols, Paris, 1836–7).Google Scholar
Berkovich, Ilya, ‘Fear, Honour and Emotional Control on the Eighteenth-Century Battlefield’, in Kuijpers, Erika and van der Haven, Cornelis, eds., Battlefield Emotions 1500–1800: Practices, Experience, Imagination (Basingstoke, 2016), pp. 93–110.Google Scholar
Berkovich, Ilya, Motivation in War: The Experience of Common Soldiers in Old-Regime Europe (Cambridge, 2017).Google Scholar
Best, Geoffrey, Humanity in Warfare: The Modern History of the International Laws of Armed Conflicts (London, 1980).Google Scholar
Bickham, Troy O., Savages within the Empire: Representations of American Indians in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Oxford, 2005).Google Scholar
Black, Jeremy, Fortifications and Siegecraft: Defence and Attack Through the Ages (Lanham, MD, 2019).Google Scholar
Bowd, Stephen D., Renaissance Mass Murder: Civilians and Soldiers During the Italian Wars (Oxford, 2018).Google Scholar
Bower, Benjamin Claude, A Desert Named Peace: The Violence of France’s Empire in the Algerian Sahara, 1844–1902 (New York, 2011).Google Scholar
Boycott-Brown, Martin, ‘Guerrilla Warfare avant la lettre: Northern Italy, 1792–97’, in Esdaile, Charles, ed., Popular Resistance in the French Wars: Patriots, Partisans and Land Pirates (Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 45–66.Google Scholar
Broers, Michael, ‘Civilians in the Napoleonic Wars’, in Frey, Linda S. and Frey, Marsha L., eds., Daily Lives of Civilians in Wartime Europe (Westport, CT, 2007), pp. 133–74.Google Scholar
Broers, Michael, ‘The Concept of “Total War” in the Revolutionary-Napoleonic Period’, War in History, 15 (2008), 247–68.Google Scholar
Broers, Michael, Napoleon’s Other War: Bandits, Rebels and Their Pursuers in the Age of Revolutions (Oxford, 2010).Google Scholar
Buchan, Bruce, ‘Adam Ferguson, the 43rd, and the Fictions of Fontenoy’, in Heath, Eugene and Merolle, Vincenzo, eds., Adam Ferguson: Philosophy, Politics and Society, (London, 2009), pp. 25–43.Google Scholar
Buchan, Bruce, ‘Civilized Fictions: Warfare and Civilization in Enlightenment Thought’, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 36 (2011), 64–71.Google Scholar
Burnham, Robert, and McGuigan, Ron, The British Army against Napoleon: Facts, Lists, and Trivia 1805–1815 (Barnsley, 2010).Google Scholar
Cardwell, M. John, ‘The Rake as Military Strategist: Clarissa and Eighteenth-Century Warfare’, Eighteenth Century Fiction, 19 (2006–7), 153–80.Google Scholar
Carter, Philip, Men and the Emergence of Polite Society, Britain 1660–1800 (Harlow, 2001).Google Scholar
Charters, Erica, Rosenhaft, Eve and Smith, Hannah, ‘Introduction’, in Charters, Erica, Rosenhaft, Eve and Smith, Hannah, eds., Civilians and War in Europe 1618–1815 (Liverpool, 2012).Google Scholar
Chickering, Roger, and Förster, Stig, eds., War in an Age of Revolution, 1775–1815 (New York, 2010).Google Scholar
Childs, John, ‘The Laws of War and the Jacobite War in Ireland, 1688–91’, in Edwards, David, Lenihan, Pádraig and Tait, Clodagh, eds., Age of Atrocity: Violence and Political Conflict in Early Modern Ireland (Dublin, 2007), pp. 283–300.Google Scholar
Childs, John, ‘Surrender and the Laws of War in Western Europe, c. 1660–1783’, in Afflerbach, Holger and Strachan, Hew, eds., How Fighting Ends: A History of Surrender (Oxford, 2012), pp. 153–68.Google Scholar
Clifton, Robin, ‘“An Indiscriminate Blackness”? Massacre, Counter-Massacre, and Ethnic Cleansing in Ireland, 1640–1660’, in Levene, Mark and Roberts, Penny, eds., The Massacre in History (New York, 1999), pp. 107–26.Google Scholar
Clode, Charles M., The Military Forces of the Crown: Their Administration and Government (2 vols, London, 1869).Google Scholar
Clode, Charles M., The Administration of Justice under Military and Martial Law (2nd edn, London, 1874).Google Scholar
Cohen, Michèle, ‘“Manners Make the Man”: Politeness, Chivalry, and the Construction of Masculinity’, Journal of British Studies, 44 (2005), 312–29.Google Scholar
Collins, Bruce, ‘Siege Warfare in the Age of Wellington’, in Woolgar, C. M., ed., Wellington Studies IV (University of Southampton, 2008), pp. 22–53.Google Scholar
Collins, Randall, ‘Micro and Macro Causes of Violence’, International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 3 (2009), 9–22.Google Scholar
Conway, Stephen, Britain, Ireland, and Continental Europe in the Eighteenth Century: Similarities, Connections, Identities (Oxford, 2011).Google Scholar
Cooper, Randolf G. S., The Anglo-Maratha Campaigns and the Contest for India (Cambridge, 2003).Google Scholar
Coss, Edward J., All for the King’s Shilling: The British Soldier under Wellington, 1808–1814 (Norman, OK, 2010).Google Scholar
Coster, Will, ‘Massacre and Codes of Conduct in the English Civil War’, in Levene, Mark and Roberts, Penny, eds., The Massacre in History (New York, 1999), pp. 89–106.Google Scholar
Cottrell, Stella, ‘The Devil on Two Sticks: Franco-Phobia in 1803’, in Samuel, Raphael, ed., Patriotism: The Making and Unmaking of British National Identity (3 vols, London, 1989), i, pp. 259–74.Google Scholar
Cramer, Kevin, The Thirty Years’ War and German Memory in the Nineteenth Century (Lincoln, NE, 2007).Google Scholar
Cuccia, Phillip R., Napoleon in Italy: The Sieges of Mantua, 1796–1799 (Norman, OK, 2014).Google Scholar
Dalrymple, William, The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company (London, 2019).Google Scholar
Daly, Gavin, ‘Plunder on the Peninsula: British Soldiers and Local Civilians during the Peninsular War, 1808–1813’, in Charters, Erica, Rosenhaft, Eve and Smith, Hannah, eds., Civilians and War in Europe 1618–1815 (Liverpool, 2012), pp. 209–24.Google Scholar
Daly, Gavin, The British Soldier in the Peninsular War: Encounters with Spain and Portugal, 1808–1814 (Basingstoke, 2013).Google Scholar
Daly, Gavin, ‘“Barbarity more suited to Savages”: British Soldiers’ Views of Spanish and Portuguese Violence During the Peninsular War, 1808–1814’, War & Society, 35 (2016), 242–58.Google Scholar
Daly, Gavin, ‘British Soldiers and the Legend of Napoleon’, The Historical Journal, 61 (2018), 131–53.Google Scholar
Daly, Gavin, ‘“The Sacking of a Town Is an Abomination”: Siege, Sack and Violence to Civilians in British Officers’ Writings on the Peninsular War – The Case of Badajoz’, Historical Research, 92 (2019), 160–82.Google Scholar
Daly, Gavin, ‘Anglo-French Sieges, the Laws of War, and the Limits of Enmity in the Peninsular War’, English Historical Review, 135 (2020), 572–604.Google Scholar
Daly, Gavin, ‘British Soldiers, Sieges, and the Laws of War: The 1807 Siege of Montevideo’, in Linch, Kevin and Lord, Matthew, eds., Redcoats to Tommies: The Experience of the British Soldier from the Eighteenth Century (Woodbridge, 2021), pp. 103–19.Google Scholar
Davies, Brian L., The Russo-Turkish War, 1768–1774: Catherine II and the Ottoman Empire (London, 2016).Google Scholar
Davies, Huw J., Wellington’s Wars: The Making of a Military Genius (New Haven, CT, 2012).Google Scholar
Dawes, James, The Language of War: Literature and Culture in the U.S. from the Civil War Through World War II (Cambridge, MA, 2009).Google Scholar
Donagan, Barbara, ‘Codes and Conduct in the English Civil War’, Past & Present, 118 (1988), 65–95.Google Scholar
Dowdall, Alex, and Horne, John, eds., Civilians under Siege from Sarajevo to Troy (Basingstoke, 2017).Google Scholar
Duffy, Christopher, Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494–1660 (London, 1979).Google Scholar
Duffy, Christopher, The Fortress in the Age of Vauban and Frederick the Great, 1660–1789 (London, 1985).Google Scholar
Duffy, Christopher, Fire & Stone: The Science of Fortress Warfare, 1660–1860 (Edison, NJ, 2006).Google Scholar
Dwyer, Philip, ‘“It Still Makes Me Shudder”: Memories of Massacres and Atrocities During the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars’, War in History, 16 (2009), 381–405.Google Scholar
Dwyer, Philip, ‘Violence and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: Massacre, Conquest and the Imperial Enterprise’, Journal of Genocide Research, 15 (2013), 117–31.Google Scholar
Edelstein, Dan, ‘War and Terror: The Law of Nations from Grotius to the French Revolution’, French Historical Studies, 31 (2008), 229–62.Google Scholar
Engberg-Pedersen, Anders, Empire of Chance: The Napoleonic Wars and the Disorder of Things (Cambridge, MA, 2015).Google Scholar
Esdaile, Charles, The Duke of Wellington and the Command of the Spanish Army, 1812–1814 (London, 1990).Google Scholar
Esdaile, Charles, Fighting Napoleon: Guerrillas, Bandits and Adventurers in Spain, 1808–1814 (New Haven, CT, 2004).Google Scholar
Esdaile, Charles, Napoleon’s Wars: An International History, 1803–1815 (London, 2008).Google Scholar
Esdaile, Charles, and Freeman, Philip, Burgos in the Peninsular War, 1808–1814: Occupation, Siege, Aftermath (Basingstoke, 2015).Google Scholar
Falkner, James, Fire Over the Rock: The Great Siege of Gibraltar, 1779–1783 (Barnsley, 2009).Google Scholar
Favret, Mary A., War at a Distance: Romanticism and the Making of Modern Wartime (Princeton, NJ, 2010).Google Scholar
Favret, Mary A., ‘Afterword: Locating Emotions, Locating Wars’, in Downes, Stephanie, Lynch, Andrew and O’Loughlin, Katrina, eds., Emotions and War: Medieval to Romantic Literature (Basingstoke, 2015).Google Scholar
Favret, Mary A., ‘Whose Battlefield Emotion?’, in Kuijpers, Erika and van de Haven, Cornelis, eds., Battlefield Emotions 1500–1800: Practices, Experience, Imagination (Basingstoke, 2016), pp. 197–204.Google Scholar
Finley, Milton, The Most Monstrous of Wars: The Napoleonic Guerrilla War in Southern Italy 1806–1811 (Columbia, SC, 1994).Google Scholar
Finucane, Jane, ‘Before the Storm: Civilians under Siege During the Thirty Years War (1618–1630)’, in Dowdall, Alex and Horne, John, eds., Civilians under Siege from Sarajevo to Troy (Basingstoke, 2017), pp. 137–61.Google Scholar
Fletcher, Ian, In Hell Before Daylight: The Siege and Storming of the Fortress of Badajoz, 16 March to 6 April 1812 (New York, 1984).Google Scholar
Fletcher, Ian, The Waters of Oblivion: The British Invasion of the Rio de la Plata (Tunbridge Wells, 1991).Google Scholar
Forrest, Alan, ‘The Ubiquitous Brigand: The Politics and Language of Repression’, in Esdaile, Charles, ed., Popular Resistance in the French Wars: Patriots, Partisans and Land Pirates (Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 25–43.Google Scholar
Frazer, Ronald, Napoleon’s Cursed War: Popular Resistance in the Spanish Peninsular War (London, 2008).Google Scholar
Gagné, John, ‘Counting the Dead: Traditions of Enumeration and the Italian Wars’, Renaissance Quarterly, 67 (2014), 791–840.Google Scholar
Gallaher, John G., Napoleon’s Enfant Terrible: General Dominique Vandamme (Norman, OK, 2008).Google Scholar
Gamer, Michael, Romanticism and the Gothic: Genre, Reception and Canon Formation (Cambridge, 2000).Google Scholar
Gat, Azar, A History of Military Thought: From the Enlightenment to the Cold War (Oxford, 2001).Google Scholar
Gates, David, The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War (Cambridge, MA, 2001).Google Scholar
Gillespie, Alexander, A History of the Laws of War: Volume 2 – The Customs and Laws of War with Regards to Civilians in Times of Conflict (Oxford, 2011).Google Scholar
Glenthøj, Rasmus, and Ottosen, Morten Nordhagen, Experiences of War and Nationality in Denmark-Norway, 1807–1815 (Basingstoke, 2014).Google Scholar
Glover, Richard, Peninsular Preparation: The Reform of the British Army (Cambridge, 1963).Google Scholar
Govind, Rahul, ‘The King’s Plunder, the King’s Justice: Sovereignty in British India, 1756–76’, Studies in History, 33 (2017), 156–86.Google Scholar
Grainger, John D., ed., The Royal Navy in the River Plate, 1806–1807 (Aldershot, 1996).Google Scholar
Grainger, John D., British Campaigns in the South Atlantic 1805–1807: Operations in the Cape and the River Plate and Their Consequences (Barnsley, 2015).Google Scholar
Gregorian, Raffi, ‘Unfit for Service: British Law and Looting in India in the Mid-Nineteenth Century’, South Asia, 13 (1990), 63–84.Google Scholar
Greig, Matilda, Dead Men Telling Tales: Napoleonic War Veterans and the Military Memoir Industry, 1808–1914 (Oxford, 2021).Google Scholar
Gruber, Ira D., Books and the British Army in the Age of the American Revolution (Chapel Hill, NC, 2010).Google Scholar
Harari, Yuval Noah, The Ultimate Experience: Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000 (Basingstoke, 2008).Google Scholar
Harvey, A. D., Collision of Empires: Britain in Three World Wars, 1793–1815 (London, 1992).Google Scholar
Haude, Sigrun, ‘The World of the Siege in New Perspective: The Populace During the Thirty Years War’, in Fischer-Kattner, Anke and Ostwald, Jamel, eds., The World of the Siege: Representations of Early Modern Positional Warfare (Leiden, 2019), pp. 21–43.Google Scholar
Haythornthwaite, Philip, ‘Appendix 5: A List of Peninsular War Sieges’, in Griffith, Paddy, ed., A History of the Peninsular War, Vol IX: Modern Studies in Spain and Portugal, 1808–1814 (London, 1999), pp. 419–23.Google Scholar
Haythornthwaite, Philip, ‘Sieges in the Peninsular War’, in Griffith, Paddy, ed., A History of the Peninsular War: Vol IX: Modern Studies in Spain and Portugal, 1808–1814 (London, 1999), pp. 213–30.Google Scholar
Heraclides, Alexis, and Dialla, Ada, Humanitarian Intervention in the Long Nineteenth Century: Setting the Precedent (Manchester, 2015).Google Scholar
Herbert, Christopher, War of No Pity: The Indian Mutiny and Victorian Trauma (Princeton, NJ, 2008).Google Scholar
Hewitson, Mark, Absolute War: Violence and Mass Warfare in the German Lands 1792–1820 (Oxford, 2017).Google Scholar
Hoffman, Stefan-Ludwig, ‘Human Rights and History’, Past and Present, 232 (2016), 279–310.Google Scholar
Holmes, Richard, Redcoat: The British Soldier in the Age of Horse and Musket (London, 2002).Google Scholar
Hoock, Holger, ‘Nelson Entombed: The Military and Naval Pantheon in St Paul’s Cathedral’, in Cannadine, David, ed., Admiral Lord Nelson: Context and Legacy (Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 115–44.Google Scholar
Hoock, Holger, Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War, and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850 (London, 2010).Google Scholar
Hoock, Holger, ‘Jus in bello, Rape and the British Army in the American Revolutionary War,’ Journal of Military Ethics, 14 (2015), 74–97.Google Scholar
Hopkin, David, ‘Sieges, Seduction and Sacrifice in Revolutionary War: The “Virgins of Verdun”’, European History Quarterly, 37 (2007), 528–47.Google Scholar
Howard, Donald D., Napoleon and Iberia – The Twin Sieges of Ciudad Rodrigo and Almeida, 1810 (Tallahassee, FL, 1980).Google Scholar
Howard, Michael, The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870–71 (London, 1962).Google Scholar
Hughes, Ben, The British Invasion of the River Plate: How the Redcoats Were Humbled and a Nation Was Born (Barnsley, 2015).Google Scholar
Hughes, Michael J., Forging Napoleon’s Grande Armée: Motivation, Military Culture, and Masculinity in the French Army, 1800–1808 (New York, 2012).Google Scholar
Hunt, Lynn, ‘The Paradoxical Origins of Human Rights’, in Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N., Hunt, Lynn and Young, Marilyn B., eds., Human Rights and Revolutions (Lanham, MD, 2007), pp. 3–17.Google Scholar
Hurl-Eamon, Jennine, Marriage and the British Army in the Long Eighteenth Century: ‘The Girl I Left Behind Me’ (Oxford, 2014).Google Scholar
Hurl-Eamon, Jennine, ‘Habits of Seduction: Accounts of Portuguese Nuns in British Officers’ Peninsular War Memoirs’, The Historical Journal, 58 (2015), 733–56.Google Scholar
Hurl-Eamon, Jennine, ‘Maternal Martyrdom Unmasked: British Fatherhood and the Masculinization of War in Napoleonic Veterans’ Tales of Infant Suffering’, Journal of Family History, 45 (2020), 172–90.Google Scholar
Jacobus, Laura, ‘Motherhood and Massacre: The Massacre of the Innocents in Late-Medieval Art and Drama’, in Levene, Mark and Roberts, Penny, eds., The Massacre in History (New York, 1999), pp. 39–54.Google Scholar
James, Leighton S., Witnessing the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in German Central Europe (Basingstoke, 2013).Google Scholar
Jasanoff, Maya, Edge of Empire: Lives, Culture, and Conquest in the East 1750–1850 (New York, 2005).Google Scholar
Jewell, Nicholas P., Spagat, Michael and Jewell, Britta L., ‘Accounting for Civilian Casualties: From the Past to the Future’, Social Science History, 42 (2018), 379–410.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Catriona, Narratives of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: Military and Civilian Experiences in Britain and Ireland (Basingstoke, 2013).Google Scholar
Kirmani, Mir Hussain Ali Khan, History of Tipu Sultan (2nd edn, Calcutta, 1958 [1864]).Google Scholar
Krimmer, Elisabeth, and Anne Simpson, Patricia, eds., Enlightened War: German Theories and Cultures of Warfare from Frederick the Great to Clausewitz (Rochester, NY, 2011).Google Scholar
Kuijpers, Erika, and van der Haven, Cornelis, eds., Battlefield Emotions 1500–1800: Practices, Experience, Imagination (Basingstoke, 2016).Google Scholar
Lafon, Jean-Marc, ‘Les violences sexuelles en Espagne (1808–1814): ce que révèlent les témoignages’, Bulletin Hispanique, 108 (2006), 555–75.Google Scholar
Langins, Janis, Conserving the Enlightenment: French Military Engineering from Vauban to the Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 2004).Google Scholar
Laqueur, Thomas W., ‘Bodies, Details, and the Humanitarian Narrative’, in Hunt, Lynn, ed., The New Cultural History (Berkeley, CA, 1989), pp. 176–204.Google Scholar
Lawrence-Archer, J. H., The British Army: Its Regimental Records, Badges, Devices, etc (London, 1888).Google Scholar
Lee, Wayne E., Barbarians & Brothers: Anglo-American Warfare, 1500–1865 (Oxford, 2011).Google Scholar
Leggiere, Michael V., The Fall of Napoleon: Volume 1: The Allied Invasion of France, 1813–1814 (Cambridge, 2007).Google Scholar
Lesaffer, Randall, ‘Siege Warfare in the Early Modern Age: A Study on the Customary Laws of War’, in Perreau-Saussine, Amanda and Bernard Murphy, James, eds., The Nature of Customary Law (Cambridge, 2007), pp. 176–202.Google Scholar
Lieven, Dominic, Russia Against Napoleon: The Battle for Europe, 1807 to 1814 (London, 2009).Google Scholar
Linch, Kevin, Britain and Wellington’s Army: Recruitment, Society and Tradition (Basingstoke, 2011).Google Scholar
Lipscombe, Nick, Wellington’s Eastern Front: The Campaigns on the East Coast of Spain 1810–1814 (Barnsley, 2016).Google Scholar
Lynn, John A., ‘Introduction: Honourable Surrender in Early Modern European History, 1500–1789’, in Afflerbach, Holger and Strachan, Hew, eds., How Fighting Ends: A History of Surrender (Oxford, 2012), pp. 99–110.Google Scholar
McGlynn, Sean, By Sword and Fire: Cruelty and Atrocity in Medieval Warfare (London, 2008).Google Scholar
McLoughlin, Kate, Authoring War: The Literary Representation of War from the Iliad to Iraq (Cambridge, 2011).Google Scholar
Medick, Hans, ‘Historical Event and Contemporary Experience: The Capture and Destruction of Magdeburg in 1631’, History Workshop Journal, 52 (2001), 23–48.Google Scholar
Meyer, Jack Allen, ‘Wellington and the Sack of Badajoz: A “Beastly Mutiny” or Deliberate Policy?’, Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750–1850, Proceedings, 21 (1991), pp. 251–7.Google Scholar
Miller, William Ian, Humiliation: And Other Essays on Honor, Social Discomfort, and Violence (Ithaca, NY, 1993).Google Scholar
Moon, Joshua, Wellington’s Two-Front War: The Peninsular Campaigns, at Home and Abroad, 1808–1814 (Norman, OK, 2011).Google Scholar
Morgan, John, ‘War Feeding War?: The Impact of Logistics on the Napoleonic Occupation of Catalonia’, The Journal of Military History, 73 (2009), 83–116.Google Scholar
Morrill, John, ‘The Drogheda Massacre in Cromwellian Context’, in Edwards, David, Lenihan, Pádraig and Tait, Clodagh, eds., Age of Atrocity: Violence and Political Conflict in Early Modern Ireland (Dublin, 2007), pp. 242–82.Google Scholar
Muir, Rory, Tactics and the Experience of Battle in the Age of Napoleon (New Haven, CT, 2000).Google Scholar
Napier, William, History of the War in the Peninsula and in the South of France from the Year 1807 to the Year 1814 (6 vols, London, 1850).Google Scholar
Neumann, Iver B., Uses of the Other: ‘The East’ in European Identity Formation (Manchester, 1999).Google Scholar
Oman, Charles, A History of the Peninsular War (7 vols, Oxford, 1902–30; repr., London, 2004–5).Google Scholar
Oman, Charles, ‘Courts Martial of the Peninsular War, 1809–14’, Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, 56 (1912), 1699–716.Google Scholar
Ostwald, Jamel, Vauban under Siege: Engineering Efficiency and Martial Vigor in the War of the Spanish Succession (Leiden, 2009).Google Scholar
Ostwald, Jamel, ‘More Honored in the Breach? Representations of Honor in Louisquatorzian Sieges’, in Fischer-Kattner, Anke and Ostwald, Jamel, eds., The World of the Siege: Representations of Early Modern Positional Warfare (Leiden, 2019), pp. 85–125.Google Scholar
Paret, Peter, “Kolberg” (1945) as Historical Film and Historical Document’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 14 (1994), 433–48.Google Scholar
Parker, Alice, ‘“Incorrigible Rogues”: The Brutalisation of British Soldiers in the Peninsular War, 1808–1814’, British Journal of Military History, 1 (2015), 42–59.Google Scholar
Parker, Geoffrey, ‘Early Modern Europe’, in Howard, Michael, Andreopoulos, George J. and Schulman, Mark R., eds., The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World (New Haven, CT, 1994), pp. 40–58.Google Scholar
Pepper, Simon, ‘Siege Law, Siege Ritual, and the Symbolism of City Walls in Renaissance Europe’, in Tracy, James D., ed., City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 573–604.Google Scholar
Phillimore, G. G., ‘Booty of War’, Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation, 3 (1901), 214–30.Google Scholar
Pichichero, Christy, The Military Enlightenment: War and Culture in the French Empire from Louis XIV to Napoleon (Ithaca, NY, 2017).Google Scholar
Pirimäe, Partel, ‘Men, Monsters and the History of Mankind in Vattel’s Law of Nations’, in Zurbuchen, Simone, ed., The Law of Nations and Natural Law 1625–1800 (Leiden, 2019), pp. 159–85.Google Scholar
Plank, Geoffrey Gilbert, Rebellion and Savagery: The Jacobite Rising of 1745 and the British Empire (Philadelphia, PA, 2006).Google Scholar
Rabinovich, Alejandro Martin, ‘The Making of Warriors: The Militarization of the Rio de la Plata, 1806–7’, in Bessel, Richard, Guyatt, Nicholas and Rendall, Jane, eds., War, Empire and Slavery, 1770–1830 (Basingstoke, 2010), pp. 81–100.Google Scholar
Ramsey, Neil, The Military Memoir and Romantic Literary Culture, 1780–1815 (Farnham, 2011).Google Scholar
Ramsey, Neil, and Russell, Gillian, eds., Tracing War in British Enlightenment and Romantic Culture (Basingstoke, 2015).Google Scholar
Reddy, William M., The Navigation of Feeling: A Framework for the History of Emotions (Cambridge, 2001).Google Scholar
Redlich, Fritz, De Praeda Militari: Looting and Booty, 1500–1815 (Vierteljahrschrift für Sozialund Wirtschaftsgeschichte) Supplement 39 (Wiesbaden, 1956).Google Scholar
Roberts, Carlos, Las Invasions Inglesas del Rio de la Plata 1806–1807 (Buenos Aires, 1938).Google Scholar
Robson, Fergus, ‘Siege Warfare in Comparative Early Modern Contexts: Norms, Nuances, Myth and Massacre During the Revolutionary Wars’, in Dowdall, Alex and Horne, John, eds., Civilians under Siege from Sarajevo to Troy (Basingstoke, 2017), pp. 83–105.Google Scholar
Rothenberg, Gunther E., The Art of Warfare in the Age of Napoleon (Bloomington, IN, 1980).Google Scholar
Rothenberg, Gunther E., ‘The Age of Napoleon’, in Howard, Michael, Andreopoulos, George J. and Schulman, Mark R., eds., The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World (New Haven, CT, 1994), pp. 86–97.Google Scholar
Rowe, Michael, ‘Civilians and Warfare During the French Revolutionary Wars’, in Frey, Linda S. and Frey, Marsha A., eds., Daily Lives of Civilians in Wartime Europe, 1618–1900 (Westport, CT, 2007), pp. 93–132.Google Scholar
Roy, Kaushik, The Oxford Companion to Modern Warfare in India: From the Eighteenth Century to Present Times (New Delhi, 2009).Google Scholar
Rublack, Ulinka, ‘Wench and Maiden: Women, War and the Pictorial Function of the Feminine in German Cities in the Early Modern Period’, History Workshop Journal, 44 (1997), 1–21.Google Scholar
Rudorff, Raymond, War to the Death: The Sieges of Saragossa 1808–1809 (Barnsley, 2006).Google Scholar
Sandberg, Brian, ‘“Generous Amazons Came to the Breach”: Besieged Women, Agency and Subjectivity During the French Wars of Religion’, Gender & History, 16 (2004), 654–88.Google Scholar
Schindler, Dietrich, and Toman, Jirí, eds., The Laws of Armed Conflicts: A Collection of Conventions, Resolutions, and Other Documents (4th rev. edn, Leiden, 2004).Google Scholar
Seybolt, Taylor B., Aronson, Jay D. and Fischhoff, Baruch, Counting Civilian Casualties: An Introduction to Recording and Estimating Nonmilitary Deaths in Conflict (Oxford, 2013).Google Scholar
Shaw, Philip, ‘Picturing Valenciennes: Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg and the Emotional Regulation of British Military Art’, in Kuijpers, Erika and Haven, Cornelis van der, eds., Battlefield Emotions 1500–1800: Practices, Experience, Imagination (Basingstoke, 2016), pp. 249–67.Google Scholar
Sherer, Idan, Warriors for a Living: The Experience of the Spanish Infantry in the Italian Wars, 1494–1559 (Leiden, 2017).Google Scholar
Showalter, Dennis, ‘Matrices: Soldiers and Civilians in Early Modern Europe, 1648–1789’, in Frey, Linda S. and Frey, Marsha A., eds., Daily Lives of Civilians in Wartime Europe, 1618–1900 (Westport, CT, 2007), pp. 59–91.Google Scholar
Smith, Craig, ‘“We Have Mingled Politeness with the Use of the Sword”: Nature and Civilization in Adam Ferguson’s Philosophy of War’, The European Legacy: Towards New Paradigms, 19 (2014), 1–15.Google Scholar
Speelman, Patrick J., Henry Lloyd and the Military Enlightenment of Eighteenth-Century Europe (Westport, CT, 2002).Google Scholar
Speelman, Patrick J., ‘Conclusion: Father of the Modern Age’, in Danley, Mark H. and Speelman, Patrick J., eds., The Seven Years’ War: Global Views (Leiden, 2012), pp. 519–36.Google Scholar
Spring, Matthew H., With Zeal and With Bayonets Only: The British Army on Campaign in North America, 1775–1783 (Norman, OK, 2008).Google Scholar
Sramek, Joseph, Gender, Morality, and Race in Company India, 1765–1858 (New York, 2011).Google Scholar
Starkey, Armstrong, European and Native American Warfare, 1675–1815 (Norman, OK, 1998).Google Scholar
Steppler, G. A., ‘British Military Law, Discipline and the Conduct of Regimental Courts Martial in the Later Eighteenth Century’, The English Historical Review, 102 (1987), 859–86.Google Scholar
Stone, John, ‘A Proxemic Account of Bayonet Fighting’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 39 (2016), 1023–43.Google Scholar
Streets, Heather, Martial Races: The Military, Race, and Masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914 (Manchester, 2004).Google Scholar
Sturkenboom, Dorothee, ‘Battlefield Emotions in Early Modern Europe: Trends, Key Issues and Blind Spots’, in Kuijpers, Erika and Haven, Cornelis van der, eds., Battlefield Emotions 1500–1800: Practices, Experience, Imagination (London, 2016), pp. 271–81.Google Scholar
Teltscher, Kate, India Inscribed: European and British Writing on India 1600–1800 (Oxford, 1995).Google Scholar
Thompson, Mark S., Wellington’s Engineers: Military Engineering in the Peninsular War 1808–1814 (Barnsley, 2015).Google Scholar
Tombs, Robert, and Tombs, Isabelle, That Sweet Enemy: The French and the British from the Sun King to the Present (London, 2007).Google Scholar
Tone, John Lawrence, The Fatal Knot: The Guerrilla War in Navarre and the Defeat of Napoleon in Spain (Chapel Hill, NC, 1994).Google Scholar
Ulbricht, Otto, ‘The Experience of Violence During the Thirty Years War: A Look at the Civilian Victims’, in Canning, Joseph, Lehmann, Hartmut and Winter, Jay, eds., Power, Violence and Mass Death in Pre-Modern and Modern Times (Aldershot, 2004), pp. 97–127.Google Scholar
Urban, Mark, Wellington’s Rifles: Six Years to Waterloo with England’s Legendary Sharpshooters (New York, 2004).Google Scholar
Venegas, Eladio Mendez, ‘Datos para un estudio de la Guerra de la Independencia en Badajoz’, Revista de Estudios Extremeños, 39 (1983), 163–78.Google Scholar
Venning, Annabel, Following the Drum: The Lives of Army Wives and Daughters, Past and Present (London, 2005).Google Scholar
Vibart, H. M., The Military History of the Madras Engineers and Pioneers (2 vols, London, 1881).Google Scholar
Walzer, Michael, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (New York, 1977).Google Scholar
Wickremesekera, Channa, ‘Best Black Troops in the World’: British Perceptions and the Making of the Sepoy, 1746–1805 (New Delhi, 2002).Google Scholar
Willock, Sean, ‘A Neutered Beast? Representations of the Sons of Tipu Sultan – “The Tiger of Mysore” – As Hostages in the 1790s’, Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 36 (2013), 121–47.Google Scholar
Witt, John Fabian, Lincoln’s Code: The Laws of War in American History (New York, 2012).Google Scholar
Wolfe, Michael, Walled Towns and the Shaping of France: From the Medieval to the Early Modern Era (Basingstoke, 2009).Google Scholar
Wright, John W., ‘Sieges and Customs of War at the Opening of the Eighteenth Century’, The American Historical Review, 39 (1934), 629–44.Google Scholar
Ortiz, Lt Col Fernando, ‘Civilian Casualties during the Sack of Badajoz 1812’, The Napoleon Series (Hawaii, 2001–), www.napoleon-series.org/military-info/battles/1812/Peninsula/Badajoz/CivilianCasualtiesBadajoz/c_civiliancasuatiessackofBadajoz.htmlGoogle Scholar
Quaintance, Richard, ‘Unnamed Celebrities in Eighteenth-Century Gardens: Jacques Rigaud’s Topographical Prints’, Cycnos 11: 1 (2008), put online June 2008, para. 7, http://epi-revel.univ-cotedazur.fr/publication/item/469Google Scholar
‘The Place given up to Plunder’, Remi Parr, active 1723–1750, after Jacques Rigaud. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:4600Google Scholar
‘The Representation of the Most Considerable Actions in the Siege of a Place’, Remi Parr, active 1723–1750, after Jacques Rigaud. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:4522Google Scholar