Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T00:55:16.645Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - After Hegemony: State Capacity, the Quality of Democracy and the Legacies of the Party-State in Democratic Taiwan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2020

By
Kharis Templeman
Edited by
Aurel Croissant  and
Olli Hellmann
Aurel Croissant
Affiliation:
Universität Heidelberg
Olli Hellmann
Affiliation:
University of Waikato, New Zealand
Get access

Summary

At the beginning of the democratic era, the state in Taiwan had at least four distinct features that set it apart from the other cases in this volume: a ‘bifurcation’ between a high capacity, high autonomy central government and deeply socially embedded local governments, a fused ‘party-state’ regime, a vibrant but fragmented and shallowly rooted civil society sector and a business community with only limited influence over the central government. These features have together shaped a distinct kind of democratic political regime in Taiwan. On the positive side, Taiwan’s civilian leaders enjoy uncircumscribed authority over all parts of the state, national elections now confer on their winners the fully effective right to rule, elections are well-managed, the party system is highly institutionalized and the full array of political rights are broadly respected. On the less positive side, Taiwan’s civil rights regime continues to suffer from weak legal foundations, and horizontal accountability has been incompletely institutionalized despite the regime’s formal separation of powers. Thus, Taiwan’s highly developed hegemonic party-state appears at best to have had no effect on and, at worst, actively undermined the establishment of a robust rule of law and protections for civil liberties.

Keywords

State capacityelectionsquality of democracyrule of lawparty system institutionalizationhegemonic partyauthoritarian legaciesdemocratization
Type
Chapter
Information
Stateness and Democracy in East Asia , pp. 71 - 102
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achen, C. H., and Wang, T. Y. (2017). The Taiwan Voter. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Andersen, D., Møller, J., and Skaaning, S. E. (2014). The State-Democracy Nexus: Conceptual Distinctions, Theoretical Perspectives, and Comparative Approaches. Democratization, 21(7), 1203–20.Google Scholar
Barclay, G. W. (1954). Colonial Development and Population in Taiwan. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Barclay, P. D. (2018). Outcasts of Empire: Japan’s Rule on Taiwan’s ‘Savage Border’, 1874–1945. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bertelsmann Transformation Index. (2018). Transformation Index 2018. Available at: www.bti-project.org/en/home/ [Accessed 22 June 2019].Google Scholar
Bockstette, V., Chanda, A., and Putterman, L. (2002). States and Markets: The Advantage of an Early Start. Journal of Economic Growth, 7(4), 347–69.Google Scholar
Booth, A. (2011). Is the Taiwan Model of Growth, Human Resource Development, and Equity Sustainable in the Twenty-First Century? In Ash, R., Garver, J. W., and Prime, P. B., eds., Taiwan’s Democracy: Economic and Political Challenges. London: Routledge, pp. 101–24.Google Scholar
Brown, D. G. (2017). Governing Taiwan Is Not Easy: President Tsai Ing-wen’s First Year. Brookings Institution op-ed. Available at: www.brookings.edu/opinions/governing-taiwan-is-not-easy-president-tsai-ing-wens-first-year/ [Accessed 22 June 2019].Google Scholar
Caldwell, E. (2017). The Control Yuan and Human Rights in Taiwan: Towards the Development of a National Human Rights Institution? In Cohen, J. A., William, P. A., and Lo, C.-F., eds., Taiwan and International Human Rights: A Story of Transformation. Singapore: Springer, pp. 155–72.Google Scholar
Chang, W.-C. (2015). Courts and Judicial Reform in Taiwan: Gradual Transformations towards the Guardian of Constitutionalism and Rule of Law. In Yeh, J. R. and Chang, W. C., eds., Asian Courts in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 143–82.Google Scholar
Chang, W.-C. (2018). Institutional Independence of the Judiciary: Taiwan’s Incomplete Reform. In Lee, H. P. and Pittard, M., eds., Asia-Pacific Judiciaries: Independence, Impartiality, and Integrity. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 330–53.Google Scholar
Chang, Y. C. (2017). Eminent Domain Law in Taiwan: New Law, Old Practice? In Kim, I., Lee, H., and Somin, I., eds., Eminent Domain: A Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 93–117.Google Scholar
Chang, H. Y., and Myers, R. H. (1963). Japanese Colonial Development Policy in Taiwan, 1895–1906: A Case of Bureaucratic Entrepreneurship. The Journal of Asian Studies, 22(4), 433–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, Y.-T., Chu, Y.-H., and Huang, M.-H. (2011). Procedural Quality Only? Taiwanese Democracy Reconsidered. International Political Science Review, 32(5), 598–619.Google Scholar
Chen, C.-J. J. (2016). The Social Basis of Taiwan’s Cross-Strait Policies, 2008–2014. In Schubert, G., ed., Taiwan and the ‘China Impact’: Challenges and Opportunities. London: Routledge, pp. 151–73.Google Scholar
Chen, I. T. E. (1970). Japanese Colonialism in Korea and Formosa: A Comparison of the Systems of Political Control. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30, 126–58.Google Scholar
Chen, T. J., and Ku, Y. H. (1999). Second-Stage Import Substitution: The Taiwan Experience. In Ranis, G., Hu, S. C., and Chu, Y. P., eds., The Political Economy of Taiwan into the 21st Century: Essays in Memory of John C.H. Fei. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 79–107.Google Scholar
Chen, W.-T., and Hsu, C.-H. (2016). Horizontal Accountability and the Rule of Law. In Chu, Y.-H., Diamond, J., and Templeman, K., eds., Taiwan’s Democracy Challenged: The Chen Shui-bian Years. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 145–72.Google Scholar
Chen, Y. J. (2010). One Problem, Two Paths: A Taiwanese Perspective on the Exclusionary Rule in China. New York University Journal of International Law & Politics, 43(3), 713–28.Google Scholar
Cheng, T. J. (1989). Democratizing the Quasi-Leninist Regime in Taiwan. World Politics, 41(4), 471–99.Google Scholar
Cheng, T. J., and Chu, Y.-H. (2002). State Business-Relationship in Taiwan: A Political Economy Perspective. In Chow, P. C. Y., ed., Taiwan’s Modernization in Global Perspective. Westport: Praeger, pp. 195–214.Google Scholar
Cheng, T. J., Haggard, S., and Kang, D. (1998). Institutions and Growth in Korea and Taiwan: The Bureaucracy. The Journal of Development Studies, 34(6), 87–111.Google Scholar
Cheng, T. J., and Hsu, Y.-M. (2015). Long in the Making: Taiwan’s Institutionalized Party System. In Hicken, A. and Kuhonta, E. M., eds., Party System Institutionalization in Asia: Democracies, Autocracies, and the Shadows of the Past. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 109–35.Google Scholar
Chiang, M. H. (2015). China-Taiwan Rapprochement: The Political Economy of Cross-Straits Relations. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chin, K. L. (2003). Heijin: Organized Crime, Business, and Politics in Taiwan. New York: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Chisholm, N. (2014). The Faces of Judicial Independence: Democratic versus Bureaucratic Accountability in Judicial Selection, Training, and Promotion in South Korea and Taiwan. American Journal of Comparative Law, 62(4), 893–950.Google Scholar
Chu, Y.-H. (2013). Coping with the Global Financial Crises: Institutional and Ideational Sources of Taiwan’s Economic Resiliency. Journal of Contemporary China, 22(82), 649–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, Y.-H. (2015). Coping with the Challenge of Democratic Governance under Ma Ying-jeou. Taiwan’s Democracy at a Crossroads, Stanford University, 26–27 October. Stanford: Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law.Google Scholar
Chu, Y.-H., Diamond, L. J., and Templeman, K. eds. (2016). Taiwan’s Democracy Challenged: The Chen Shui-bian Years. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Chu, Y.-P. (2006). The Mutinous Mutation of the Developmental State in Taiwan. In Hill, H. and Chu, Y.-P., eds., The East Asian High-Tech Drive. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 119–82.Google Scholar
Comin, D., Easterly, W., and Gong, E. (2010). Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 BC? American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2(3), 65–97.Google Scholar
Croissant, A., Kuehn, D., and Lorenz, P. (2012). Breaking with the Past? Civil-Military Relations in the Emerging Democracies of East Asia. Policy Studies, 63), III.Google Scholar
Dai, S.-C., and Wu, C.-L. (2015). The Role of the Legislative Yuan under Ma Ying-jeou: The Case of China Policy Legislation and Agreements. In Cabestan, J. P. and deLisle, J., eds., Political Changes in Taiwan under Ma Ying-jeou: Partisan Conflict, Policy Choices, External Constraints, and Security Challenges. London: Routledge, pp. 60–81.Google Scholar
Diamond, L. (2001). How Democratic Is Taiwan?: Five Key Challenges for Democratic Development and Consolidation. The Transition from One-Party Rule: Taiwan’s New Government and Cross-Straits Relations, Columbia University, 6–7 April.Google Scholar
Dickson, B. J. (1993). The Lessons of Defeat: The Reorganization of the Kuomintang on Taiwan, 1950–52. The China Quarterly, 133, 56–84.Google Scholar
Dickson, B. J. (2018). The Quality of Democracy in Taiwan. In Lee, W. C., ed., Taiwan’s Political Realignment and Diplomatic Challenges. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 33–48.Google Scholar
Fackler, M. (2016). The Silencing of Japan’s Free Press. Foreign Policy, May 27. Available at: http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/27/the-silencing-of-japans-free-press-shinzo-abe-media/ [Accessed 22 June 2019].Google Scholar
Feng, C.-S. (2016). Press Freedom and the Mass Media. In Chu, Y.-H., Diamond, L., and Templeman, K., eds., Taiwan’s Democracy Challenged: The Chen Shui-bian Years. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 219–40.Google Scholar
Fields, K. J. (2002). KMT, Inc.: Liberalization, Democratization and the Future of Politics in Business. In Gomez, E. T., ed., Political Business in East Asia. London: Routledge, pp. 115–54.Google Scholar
Freedom House. (2018). Freedom in the World Report. Available at: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018 [Accessed 22 June 2019].Google Scholar
GAN. (2019). GAN Taiwan Corruption Report. Available at: www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-profiles/taiwan/ [Accessed 22 June 2019].Google Scholar
Garoupa, N., Grembi, V., and Lin, S. C. P. (2011). Explaining Constitutional Review in New Democracies: The Case of Taiwan. The Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 20(1), 1–40.Google Scholar
Ginsburg, T. (2002). Confucian Constitutionalism? The Emergence of Constitutional Review in Korea and Taiwan. Law & Social Inquiry, 27(4), 763–99.Google Scholar
Ginsburg, T. (2003). Judicial Review in New Democracies: Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Göbel, C. (2016). Taiwan’s Fight against Corruption. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 124–38.Google Scholar
Gold, T. B. (1986). State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Greene, J. M. (2008). The Origins of the Developmental State in Taiwan: Science Policy and the Quest for Modernization. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Greene, J. M. (2013). KMT and Science and Technology, 1927–1980. In Fuller, D. B., and Rubenstein, M., eds., Technology Transfer Between the US, China, and Taiwan: Moving Knowledge. London: Routledge, pp. 7–24.Google Scholar
Greitens, S. (2016). Dictators and Their Secret Police: Coercive Institutions and State Violence. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hamilton, G. G., and Kao, C.-S. (2018). Making Money: How Taiwanese Industrialists Embraced the Global Economy. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hellmann, O. (2011). Political Parties and Electoral Strategy: The Development of Party Organization in Asia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hellmann, O. (2013). The Developmental State and Electoral Models in Asia: How Strategies of Industrialization Have Shaped Party Institutionalization. Asian Survey, 53(4), 653–78.Google Scholar
Hicken, A., and Kuhonta, E. M, eds. (2014). Party System Institutionalization in Asia: Democracies, Autocracies, and the Shadows of the Past. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, M.-S. (2010). Understanding the Trajectory of Social Movement in Taiwan (1980–2010). Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 39(3), 3–22.Google Scholar
Ho, M.-S. (2015). Occupy Congress in Taiwan: Political Opportunity, Threat, and the Sunflower Movement. Journal of East Asian Studies, 15(1), 69–97.Google Scholar
Hsiao, H. H. M. (1990). Emerging Social Movements and the Rise of a Demanding Civil Society. The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, 24(July), 163–80.Google Scholar
Hsiao, H. H. M. (2011). Social Movements in Taiwan: A Typological Analysis. In Broadbent, J. and Brockman, V., eds., East Asian Social Movements: Power, Protest, and Change in a Dynamic Region. New York: Springer, pp. 237–54.Google Scholar
Hsu, C.-J. (2014). China’s Influence on Taiwan’s Media. Asian Survey, 54(3), 515–39.Google Scholar
Huang, T. W. (2005). Judicial Activism in the Transitional Polity: The Council of Grand Justices in Taiwan. Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, 19(1), 1–61.Google Scholar
Huang, C.-L. (2016). Civil Society and the Politics of Engagement. In Chu, Y.-H., Diamond, L., and Templeman, K., eds., Taiwan’s Democracy Challenged: The Chen Shui-bian Years. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 195–218.Google Scholar
Huang, C. (2017). Taiwan: A Country Report Based on Data 1900-2014. V-Dem Country Report Series, No. 16. Gothenburg, Sweden: University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute.Google Scholar
Huang, S. H., and Sheng, S. Y. (2020). Legislative Politics. In Templeman, K., Diamond, L., and Chu, Y.-H., eds., Dynamics of Democracy in Taiwan: The Ma Ying-jeou Years. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. (2017). Philippines: Events of 2016. Available at: www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/country-chapters/philippines [Accessed 22 June 2019].Google Scholar
Ka, C. M. (2018) [1995]. Japanese Colonialism in Taiwan: Land Tenure, Development, and Dependency, 1895–1945. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kang, D. (1995). South Korean and Taiwanese Development and the New Institutional Economics. International Organization, 49(3), 555–87.Google Scholar
Kohli, A. (1994). Where Do High Growth Political Economies Come From? The Japanese Lineage of Korea’s ‘Developmental State’. World Development, 22(9), 1269–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuehn, D. (2008). Democratization and Civilian Control of the Military in Taiwan. Democratization, 15(5), 870–90.Google Scholar
Kuo, J.-L. (1995). The Reach of the Party-State: Organizing Local Politics in Taiwan. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Chicago, Department of Political Science.Google Scholar
Kuo, T.-C., and Myers, R. H. (2012). Taiwan’s Economic Transformation: Leadership, Property Rights and Institutional Change 1949–1965. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lam, D., and Clark, C. (1994). Beyond the Developmental State: The Cultural Roots of ‘Guerrilla Capitalism’ in Taiwan. Governance, 7(4), 412–30.Google Scholar
Lamley, H. J. (1999). Taiwan under Japanese Rule 1895–1945: The Vicissitudes of Colonialism. In Rubinstein, M., ed., Taiwan: A New History. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 201–6.Google Scholar
Lee, J. (2020). U.S. Grand Strategy and the Origins of the Developmental State. Journal of Strategic Studies, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Lee, K. (2011). Militants or Partisans: Labor Unions and Democratic Politics in Korea and Taiwan. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, K. (2014). Diverging Patterns of Democratic Representation in Korea and Taiwan: Political Parties and Social Movements. Asian Survey, 54(3), 419–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, P.-S., and Chu, Y.-H. (2008). The New Political Economy after Regime Turnover in Taiwan: An Assessment of the First Chen Shui-bian Administration. In Goldstein, S. and Chang, J., eds., Presidential Politics in Taiwan: The Administration of Chen Shui-bian. Norwalk: EastBridge, pp. 143–66.Google Scholar
Lerman, A. (1977). National Elite and Local Politician in Taiwan. American Political Science Review, 71(4), 1406–22.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. K. (2019). Who Shall Judge? Taiwan’s Exploration of Lay Participation in Criminal Trials. In Cohen, J. A., Alford, W. P., and Lo, C.-F., eds., Taiwan and International Human Rights: A Story of Transformation. Singapore: Springer, pp. 437–455.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. K., and Cohen, J. A. (2013). How Taiwan’s Constitutional Court Reined in Police Power: Lessons for the People’s Republic of China. Fordham International Law Journal, 37, 863.Google Scholar
Lin, C. C. (2016). The Judicialization of Politics in Taiwan. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 3(2), 299–326.Google Scholar
Lo, S. S. H. (2008). The Politics of Controlling Heidao and Corruption in Taiwan. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 35(2), 59–82.Google Scholar
Loxton, J. (2015). Authoritarian Successor Parties. Journal of Democracy, 26(3), 157–70.Google Scholar
Ma, D. (2015). Explaining Judicial Independence in the East Asian Developmental States: The Case of Taiwan. Dissertation, University of North Carolina, Department of Political Science.Google Scholar
Madsen, R. (2007). Democracy’s Dharma: Religious Renaissance and Political Development in Taiwan. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Martin, J. T. (2013). Legitimate Force in a Particularistic Democracy: Street Police and Outlaw Legislators in the Republic of China on Taiwan. Law & Social Inquiry, 38(3), 615–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAllister, I. (2016). Democratic Consolidation in Taiwan in Comparative Perspective. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 1(1), 44–61.Google Scholar
Merkel, W. (2004). Embedded and Defective Democracies. Democratization, 11(5), 33–58.Google Scholar
Michalopoulos, S., and Papaioannou, E. (2013). Pre-colonial Ethnic Institutions and Contemporary African Development. Econometrica, 81(1), 113–52.Google Scholar
Mobrand, E. (2014). South Korean Democracy in Light of Taiwan. In White, L., Zhou, K., and Rigger, S., eds., Democratization in China, Korea, and Southeast Asia: Local and National Perspectives. New York: Routledge, pp. 19–36.Google Scholar
Morgan, S. L., and Liu, S. (2007). Was Japanese Colonialism Good for the Welfare of Taiwanese? Stature and the Standard of Living. The China Quarterly, 192, 990–1013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, R., and Lin, H.-T. (2007). Breaking with the Past: The Kuomintang Central Reform Committee on Taiwan. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.Google Scholar
Myers, R. H., and Ching, A. (1964). Agricultural Development in Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule. The Journal of Asian Studies, 23(4), 555–70.Google Scholar
Norris, P., Wynter, T., and Cameron, S. (2018). Corruption and Coercion: The Year in Elections 2017. Electoral Integrity Project annual report. Available at: www.electoralintegrityproject.com [Accessed 25 August 2018].Google Scholar
Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. (2018). “Mongolia – Presidential Election, 26 June and 7 July 2017: OSCE/ODIHR Limited Election Observation Mission – Final Report.” www.osce.org/odihr/elections/mongolia/101349 [Accessed 10 December 2019].Google Scholar
Philips, Steven. (1999). Between Assimilation and Independence: Taiwanese Political Aspirations under Nationalist Rule, 1945–1949. In Rubinstein, M., ed., Taiwan: A New History. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 275–319.Google Scholar
Rawnsley, M. Y., Smyth, J., and Sullivan, J. (2016). Taiwanese Media Reform. Journal of the British Association for Chinese Studies, 6(6), 66–80.Google Scholar
Reporters without Borders. (2019). World Press Freedom Index. Available at: https://rsf.org/en/ranking [Accessed 22 June 2019].Google Scholar
Rigger, S. (2001). From Opposition to Power: Taiwan’s Democratic Progressive Party. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Rigger, S. (2011). The Politics of Constitutional Reform in Taiwan. In Ash, R., Garver, J. W., and Prime, P., eds., Taiwan’s Democracy: Economic and Political Challenges. New York: Routledge, pp. 37–50.Google Scholar
Rigger, S. (2018). Studies on Taiwan’s Democracy and Democratisation. International Journal of Taiwan Studies, 1(1), 141–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanborn, H. (2015). Democratic Consolidation: Participation and Attitudes toward Democracy in Taiwan and South Korea. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 25(1), 47–61.Google Scholar
Shih, S.-C., and Wang, C. (2013). Tsai Gets Censured over Yu Chang Case. Taipei Times, 3 October.Google Scholar
Skoggard, I. A. (1996). The Indigenous Dynamic in Taiwan’s Postwar Development: The Religious and Historical Roots of Entrepreneurship. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Slater, D., and Wong, J. (2013). The Strength to Concede: Ruling Parties and Democratization in Developmental Asia. Perspectives on Politics, 11(3), 717–33.Google Scholar
Su, K.-P. (2017). Criminal Court Reform in Taiwan: A Case of Fragmented Reform in a Not-Fragmented Court System. Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal, 27(1), 203–40.Google Scholar
Su, Y.-T. (2020). Angels Are in the Institutional Details: Voting System, Poll Workers, and the Integrity of Electoral Administration in Taiwan. In Chen, W. and Fu, H., eds., Authoritarian Legality in Asia: Formation, Development, and Transition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Templeman, K. (2017). Why the KMT Eliminated Electoral Fraud during Martial Law in Taiwan. American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA.Google Scholar
Templeman, K. (2019). Blessings in Disguise: How Authoritarian Legacies and the China Factor Have Strengthened Democracy in Taiwan. International Journal of Taiwan Studies, 2(2), 230–63.Google Scholar
Templeman, K. (2020). Politics in the Tsai Ing-wen Era. In Stockton, H. and Yeh, Y.-Y., eds., Taiwan: The Development of an Asian Tiger. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 67–96.Google Scholar
Tzeng, Y. S. (2016). Depoliticizing Taiwan’s Security Apparatus. In Chu, Y.-H., Diamond, L., and Templeman, K., eds., Taiwan’s Democracy Challenged: The Chen Shui-bian Years. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 289–312.Google Scholar
United States Department of State. (2016). Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2016: Taiwan. Available at: www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2016&dlid=265374 [Accessed 25 August 2018].Google Scholar
Wang, C.-S. (2006). Taiwan’s Judicial Independence Reform and the Collapse of the KMT’s Clientelist System. [in Chinese] Taiwan Journal of Political Science, 10(1), 103–62.Google Scholar
Wang, C.-S. (2008). Judicial Reform in Taiwan in the Past 20 Years: On the Road to Independence. [in Chinese] Thought and Words, 46, 113–74.Google Scholar
Wang, C.-S. (2010). The Movement Strategy in Taiwan’s Judicial Independence Reform. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 39(3), 125–47.Google Scholar
Wang, C.-S. (2016). Democratic Progressive Party Clientelism: A Failed Political Project. In Chu, Y.-H., Diamond, L., and Templeman, K., eds., Taiwan’s Democracy Challenged: The Chen Shui-bian Years. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 267–87.Google Scholar
Wang, C.-S., and Sung, Y.-H. (2017). The Decline of the Effectiveness of Vote-Buying as Electoral Mobilization Strategy in Taiwan. American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA.Google Scholar
Wang, J. W. Y., Chen, S.-M., and Kuo, C.-T. (2016). Restructuring State-Business Relations. In Chu, Y.-H., Diamond, L., and Templeman, K., eds., Taiwan’s Democracy Challenged: The Chen Shui-bian Years. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 241–66.Google Scholar
Wang, P. C. M. (1999). A Bastion Created, a Regime Reformed, an Economy Re-engineered, 1949–1970. In Rubinstein, M., ed., Taiwan: A New History. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 201–6.Google Scholar
Wilson Center. (2004). Taiwan’s Constitutional Reform: Domestic Inspiration and External Constraints. Asia Program Special Report, no. 125.Google Scholar
Winn, J. K., and Yeh, T.-C. (1995). Advocating Democracy: The Role of Lawyers in Taiwan’s Political Transformation. Law & Social Inquiry, 20(2), 561–99.Google Scholar
World Bank. (2015). Worldwide Governance Indicators Database. Available at: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators [Accessed 22 June 2019].Google Scholar
Wright, T. (1999). Student Mobilization in Taiwan: Civil Society and Its Discontents. Asian Survey, 39(6), 986–1008.Google Scholar
Wu, C.-L. (2019). Do the ‘Haves’ Come Out Ahead? Resource Disparity in Public-Land Usurpation Litigation in Taiwan. Social Science Quarterly, 100(4), 1215–27.Google Scholar
Wu, C.-L., and Huang, C. (2004). Politics and Judiciary Verdicts on Vote-Buying Litigation in Taiwan. Asian Survey, 44(5), 755–70.Google Scholar
Wu, N.-T. (1987). The Politics of a Regime Patronage System: Mobilization and Control within an Authoritarian Regime. Dissertation, University of Chicago, Department of Political Science.Google Scholar
Yeh, J.-R. (2002). Constitutional Reform and Democratization in Taiwan, 1945–2000. In Chow, P. Y., ed., Taiwan’s Modernization in Global Perspective. Westport: Praeger, pp. 47–78.Google Scholar
You, J.-S. (2014). Land Reform, Inequality, and Corruption: A Comparative Historical Study of Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines. The Korea Journal of International Studies, 12(1), 191–224.Google Scholar
You, J.-S. (2017). Liberal Taiwan versus Illiberal South Korea: The Divergent Paths of Electoral Campaign Regulation. American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×