Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T03:56:41.113Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Spouted and spout-fluid beds with draft tubes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2011

By
Željko B. Grbavčić ,
Howard Littman ,
Morris H. Morgan III  and
John D. Paccione
Edited by
Norman Epstein  and
John R. Grace
Norman Epstein
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
John R. Grace
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
Get access

Summary

The draft tube spout-fluid bed (DTSFB) is an extremely versatile fluid–particle system that can be widely applied industrially. This configuration aids performance because control of the fluid residence time and solid cycle time distributions can be accomplished easily. Thus understanding the solid and fluid phase hydrodynamics is essential to optimizing DTSFB operation.

A typical DTSFB system consists of four interconnected zones, as shown in Figure 7.1: a spout-fluid bed feeder, a moving bed annulus, a draft tube (pneumatic conveyor), and a freeboard fountain. For a given geometry and particles, five control quantities determine the bed hydrodynamics: the inlet jet fluid mass flowrate, Fj0; the inlet auxiliary fluid mass flowrate, Fax0; the internal annulus fluid mass flowrate, Fa; the inlet section length, Li; and the annulus height, Ha. The draft tube inlet length, Li, controls both the fluid leakage and solids crossflow. The auxiliary fluid mass flow, Fax0, controls the pressure drop across the bed and alters the internal solids flow. To describe the overall and local dynamics of such systems, appropriate fluid and particle models must be devised for each separate region of the DTSFB. The discussion in this chapter addresses operating characteristics, applications, and design concepts. Initially we focus on the basic hydrodynamic features of these systems, and then we provide an overview of applications involving the basic DTSFB and novel hybrid configurations.

Type
Chapter
Information
Spouted and Spout-Fluid Beds
Fundamentals and Applications
 , pp. 128 - 140
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Grbavčić, Ž. B., Vuković, D. V., Hadžismajlovic, Dž. E., Garić, R. V., and Littman, H.. Fluid mechanical behaviour of a spouted bed with a draft tube and external annular flow. Presented at the 2nd International Symposium on Spouted Beds, 32nd Can. Chem. Engng. Conference (Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1982).
Grbavčić, Ž. B., Vuković, D. V., Jovanović, S. Dj., Garić, R. V., Hadžismajlovic, Dž. E., Littman, H., and Morgan, M. H.. Fluid flow pattern and solids circulation rate in a liquid phase spout-fluid bed with draft tube. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 70 (1992), 895–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littman, H., Vuković, D. V., Zdanski, F. K., and Grbavčić, Ž. B.. Pressure drop and flowrate characteristics of liquid phase spout-fluid bed at the minimum spout-fluid flowrate. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 52 (1974), 174–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hadžismajlović, Dž. E., Grbavčić, Ž. B., Povrenović, D. S., Vuković, D. V., Garić, R. V., and Littman, H.. The hydrodynamic behavior of a 0.95 m diameter spout-fluid bed with a draft tube. In Fluidization VII, ed. Potter, O. E. and Nicklin, D. J. (New York: Engineering Foundation, 1992), pp. 337–344.Google Scholar
Povrenović, D. S.. Fluid mechanical characteristics and stability of a large diameter spout-fluid bed with a draft tube. J. Serbian Chem. Soc., 61 (1996), 355–365.Google Scholar
Chandnani, P. P. and Epstein, N.. Spoutability and spout destabilization of fine particles with a gas. In Fluidization V, ed. Ostergaard, K. and Sorensen, A. (New York: Engineering Foundation, 1986), pp. 233–240.Google Scholar
Cecen-Erbil, A.. Annulus leakage and distribution of the fluid flow in a liquid spout-fluid bed with a draft tube. Chem. Eng. Sci., 58 (2003), 4739–4745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ijichi, K., Miyauchi, M., Uemura, Y., and Hatate, Y.. Characteristics of flow behavior in semi-cylindrica1 spouted bed with draft tube. J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 31 (1998), 677–682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ijichi, K., Tanaka, Y., Uemura, Y., Hatate, Y., and Yoshida, K.. Solids circulation rate and holdup within the draft tube of a spouted bed. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 16, 924–930 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ijichi, K. and Tanaka, Y.. Hydrodynamics of a spouted bed with a draft tube. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 14 (1988), 566–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, X.-L., Yao, Q., and Li, S.-Q.. Effects of draft tubes on particle velocity profiles in spouted beds. Chem. Eng. & Technol., 29 (2006), 875–881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagashima, H., Ishikura, T., and Ide, M.. Hydrodynamics of a spouted bed with an impermeable draft tube for binary particle systems. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 16 (1999), 688–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cecen-Erbil, A. and Turan, M.. Assessment of the energy dissipation parameters inside the draft tube of a liquid spout-fluid bed. Envir. Sci. & Technol., 39 (2005), 2898–2905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, X.-L., Li, S.-Q., Liu, G.-Q., Song, Q., and Yao, Q.. Flow patterns of solids in a two-dimensional spouted bed with draft plates: PIV measurement and DEM simulations. Powder Technol., 183 (2008), 79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szafran, R. G. and Kmiec, A.. Periodic fluctuations of flow and porosity in spouted beds. Transport in Porous Media, 66 (2007), 187–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirvanian, P. A. and Calo, J. M.. Hydrodynamic scaling of a rectangular spouted vessel with a draft duct. Chem. Eng. J., 103 (2004), 29–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eng, J. H., Svrcek, W. Y., and Behie, L. A.. Dynamic modeling of a spouted bed reactor with a draft tube. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 28 (1989), 1778–1785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takeuchi, S., Wang, S., and Rhodes, M.. Discrete element method simulation of three-dimensional conical-base spouted beds. Powder Technol., 184 (2008), 141–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kmiec, A. and Ludwig, W.. A model of the two-phase gas-solids flow in fluidizing apparatus with the draft tube. I. Model development. Inz. Chem. Proc., 19 (1998), 557–573.Google Scholar
Kmiec, A. and Ludwig, W.. A model of the two-phase gas-solids flow in fluidizing apparatus with the draft tube. II. Model solution. Inz. Chem. Proc., 19 (1998), 575–589.Google Scholar
Altzibar, H. S., Alvarez, S., José, M. J. San, Aguado, R., Bilbao, J., and Olazar, M.. Hydrodynamic aspects and correlations for the design of draft-tube conical spouted beds. In Fluidization XII, ed. Bi, X. T., Berruti, F., and Pugsley, T. (Brooklyn, NY: Engineering Foundation, 2007), pp. 561–568.Google Scholar
José, M. J. San, Alvarez, S., Salazar, A. O., Olazar, M., and Bilbao, J.. Operating conditions of conical spouted beds with a draft tube. Effect of the diameter of the draft tube and of the height of entrainment zone. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46 (2007), 2877–2884.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claflin, J. K. and Fane, A. G.. Spouting with a porous draft-tube. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 61 (1983), 356–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikura, T., Nagashima, H., and Ide, M.. Hydrodynamics of a spouted bed with a porous draft tube containing a small amount of finer particles. Powder Technol., 131 (2003), 56–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikura, T., Nagashima, H., and Mitsuharu, I.. Hydrodynamics of a spouted bed with a porous draft tube. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 22 (1996), 615–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikura, T., Nagashima, H., and Ide, M.. Minimum spouting velocity of binary particle systems in a spouted bed with a draft tube. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 24 (1998), 346–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattori, H., Ito, S., Onezawa, T., Yamada, K., and Yanai, S.. Fluid and solids flow affecting the solids circulation rate in spouted beds with a draft-tube. J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 37 (2004), 1085–1091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattori, H., Nagai, T., Ohshima, Y., Yoshida, M., and Nagata, A.. Solids circulation rate in screen bottomed spouted bed with draft-tube. J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 31 (1998), 633–635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattori, H., and Nagai, T.. Spouted bed with a draft-tube without gas inlet nozzle or orifice. J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 29 (1996), 484–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattori, H., Tanaka, K., and Takeda, K.. Minimum spoutable gas flow rate in side-outlet spouted bed with inner draft-tube. J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 14 (1981), 462–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattori, H. and Takeda, K.. Side-outlet spouted bed with inner draft-tube for small-sized solid particles. J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 11 (1978), 125–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattori, H., Kobayashi, A., Aiba, I., and Koda, T.. Modification of the gas outlet structure on the spouted bed with inner draft-tube. J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 17 (1984), 102–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S. J.. Fluid and particle flow characteristics in a draft tube spouted bed with modified fluid outlet. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 7 (1990), 74–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ijichi, K., Uemura, Y., Yoshizawa, H., Hatate, Y., and Yoshida, K.. Conveying characteristics of fine particles using converging nozzle. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 24 (1998), 365–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geldart, D.. Estimation of basic particle properties for use in fluid-particle process calculations. Powder Technol., 60 (1990), 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ar, F. F. and Uysal, B. Z.. Solid circulation in a liquid spout-fluid ded with multi-draft tubes. J. Chem. Technol. Biotech., 72 (1998), 143–148.3.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nitta, B. V. and Morgan, M. H.. Particle circulation and liquid bypassing in three phase draft tube spouted beds. Chem Eng. Sci., 47 (1992), 3459–3466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Follansbee, D. M., Paccione, J. D., and Martin, L. L.. Globally optimal design and operation of a continuous photo-catalytic advanced oxidation process featuring moving bed adsorption and draft-tube transport. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47 (2008), 3591–3600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arsenijević, Z. Lj., Grbić, B. V., Grbavčić, Z. B., Radić, N. D., and Terlecki-Baricević, A. V.. Ethylene oxide removal in combined sorbent catalyst system. Chem. Eng. Sci., 54 (1999), 1519–1524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattori, H., Hata, E., and Uchino, T.. Ozone decomposition in four types of spouted beds, with or without a draft-tube. J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 40 (2007), 761–764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horio, M., Saito, A., Unou, K., Nakazono, H., Shibuya, N., Shrma, S., and Kosaka, A.. Synthesis of diamond particles with an acetylene fired circulating fluidized bed. Chem. Eng. Sci., 51 (1966), 3033–3038.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatate, Y., Mihara, H., Ijichi, K., Yoshimi, T., Arimizu, S., Uemura, Y., and King, D. F.. Catalytic coal gasification using a draft tube spouted bed gasifier. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 22 (1996), 1180–1184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatate, Y., Uemura, Y., Tanaka, S.. Tokumasu, Y., Tanaka, Y., and King, D. F.. Development of a spouted bed-type coal gasifier with cycling thermal medium particles. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 20 (1994), 758–765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brereton, C. M. H., Epstein, N., and Grace, J. R.. Side-outlet spouted bed with draft tube: effect of varying the position of the outlet. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 74 (1996), 542–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×