Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Advances in source–sink theory
- Part III Progress in source–sink methodology
- Part IV Improvement of source–sink management
- 16 Contribution of source–sink theory to protected area science
- 17 Evidence of source–sink dynamics in marine and estuarine species
- 18 Population networks with sources and sinks along productivity gradients in the Fiordland Marine Area, New Zealand: a case study on the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus
- 19 Source–sinks, metapopulations, and forest reserves: conserving northern flying squirrels in the temperate rainforests of Southeast Alaska
- 20 Does forest fragmentation and loss generate sources, sinks, and ecological traps in migratory songbirds?
- 21 Source–sink population dynamics and sustainable leaf harvesting of the understory palm Chamaedorea radicalis
- 22 Assessing positive and negative ecological effects of corridors
- Part V Synthesis
- Index
- References
16 - Contribution of source–sink theory to protected area science
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 July 2011
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Advances in source–sink theory
- Part III Progress in source–sink methodology
- Part IV Improvement of source–sink management
- 16 Contribution of source–sink theory to protected area science
- 17 Evidence of source–sink dynamics in marine and estuarine species
- 18 Population networks with sources and sinks along productivity gradients in the Fiordland Marine Area, New Zealand: a case study on the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus
- 19 Source–sinks, metapopulations, and forest reserves: conserving northern flying squirrels in the temperate rainforests of Southeast Alaska
- 20 Does forest fragmentation and loss generate sources, sinks, and ecological traps in migratory songbirds?
- 21 Source–sink population dynamics and sustainable leaf harvesting of the understory palm Chamaedorea radicalis
- 22 Assessing positive and negative ecological effects of corridors
- Part V Synthesis
- Index
- References
Summary
The concept of source–sink population dynamics may be especially relevant to protected areas. Places set aside as nature reserves often have steep gradients in climate, topography, and other abiotic factors that result in spatially explicit population dynamics occurring within them. Protected areas are also frequently placed in relatively extreme parts of the landscape with regard to climate, soils, elevation, and water. Consequently, spatially explicit population dynamics may occur between protected areas and the more moderate surrounding landscape. The goal of this chapter is to evaluate the contribution that source–sink theory has made to understanding population viability in and around protected areas. A review of the literature for the past 20 years indicates that the source–sink concept has been applied to protected areas primarily in three ways.
Protected areas may be sinks for some species, due to the more extreme biophysical conditions within them. These sink populations may be vulnerable to loss of source areas in unprotected surrounding lands. Land use intensification around reserves may drive the degradation of these sources and reduce viability of the species in the protected area.
The areas surrounding protected areas may become “attractive” sinks due to human activities and lead to loss of viability of the source population. Large carnivores appear to be especially vulnerable to this dynamic.
Protected areas may serve as population source areas that supplement hunted or fished populations in surrounding areas. Many marine protected areas have been designated as a means of allowing more sustainable fisheries in surrounding waters.
I summarize the conceptual basis of each of these scenarios, provide examples, and draw implications for conservation and management.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Sources, Sinks and Sustainability , pp. 339 - 360Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2011
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