Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T20:13:04.483Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Adaptations and constraints in the evolution of delayed dispersal: implications for cooperation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Jan Komdeur  and
Jan Ekman
Edited by
Tamás Székely ,
Allen J. Moore  and
Jan Komdeur
Jan Komdeur
Affiliation:
University of Groningen, Netherlands
Jan Ekman
Affiliation:
Uppsala University, Sweden
Tamás Székely
Affiliation:
University of Bath
Allen J. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
Jan Komdeur
Affiliation:
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands
Get access

Summary

Overview

Cooperation is a ubiquitous feature of life. While many instances of cooperation are explicable as the selfish motives of individuals, other forms of cooperation, such as cooperative breeding in which individuals live and breed in mixed-sex groups of three or more adults and share in providing care at a single breeding attempt, are difficult to explain. Given that the majority of cooperative breeders exhibit delayed dispersal, it would appear that delayed dispersal plays a role in the evolution of cooperative breeding. However, there are several species that, despite the absence of cooperative breeding, live in family units. Thus it is important to understand the specific fitness consequences of delayed dispersal independently of the confounding fitness consequences of helping behaviour.

In this chapter we focus on how delayed dispersal has evolved or can be maintained in the absence of cooperative breeding. We do this by exploring the proximate and ultimate factors involved in the evolution of delayed dispersal in species which exhibit delayed dispersal but do not cooperate by helping to raise non-descendant relatives. We show that the benefits of delaying dispersal and being philopatric to maintain a family association can come either as direct fitness gained through enhanced survival in family groups (e.g. better predator defence or food access) and/or enhanced future reproduction. Survival benefits from cooperation among group-living kin are likely to be a more general candidate of a fitness component selecting for family cohesion than the inclusive fitness gains from alloparental care.

Type
Chapter
Information
Social Behaviour
Genes, Ecology and Evolution
 , pp. 306 - 327
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cezilly, F. ed. (2007) Cooperative breeding. Behavioural Processes, 76, 61–182.
Ekman, J. (2006) Family living among birds. Journal of Avian Biology, 37, 289–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, W. D. & Dickinson, J. L., eds. (2004) Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
MacDonald, D. W. & Moehlman, P. D. (1982) Cooperation, altruism, and restraint in the reproduction of carnivores. In: Perspectives in Ethology, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Klopfer, P.New York, NY: Plenum, pp. 433–467.Google Scholar
West, S. A., Griffin, A. S. & Gardner, A. (2007) Evolutionary explanations for cooperation. Current Biology, 17, 661–672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alonso, J. C., Bautista, L. M. & Alonso, J. A. (2004) Family-based territoriality vs flocking in wintering common cranes Grus grus. Journal of Avian Biology, 35, 434–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ancel, A., Visser, H., Handrich, Y., Masman, D. & Maho, Y. (1997) Energy saving in huddling penguins. Nature, 385, 304–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, M. & Ahlund, M. (2000) Host–parasite relatedness shown by protein fingerprinting in a brood parasitic bird. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 97, 13188–13193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, M. & Waldeck, P. (2007) Host–parasite kinship in a female-philopatric bird population: evidence from relatedness trend analysis. Molecular Ecology, 16, 2797–2806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, K. E. & Owens, I. P. F. (1998) Cooperative breeding in birds: a comparative test of the life history hypothesis. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 265, 739–745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, K. E. & Owens, I. P. F. (1999) Cooperative breeding in birds: the role of ecology. Behavioral Ecology, 10, 465–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baglione, V., Marcos, J. M., Canestrari, D.et al. (2005) Does year-round territoriality rather than habitat saturation explain delayed natal dispersal and cooperative breeding in the carrion crow? Journal of Animal Ecology, 74, 842–851.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baglione, V., Canestrari, D, Marcos, J. M. & Ekman, J. (2006) Experimentally increased food resources in the natal territory promote offspring philopatry and helping in cooperatively breeding carrion crows. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 1529–1535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balcombe, J. P. (1989) Non-breeder asymmetry in Florida scrub jays. Evolutionary Ecology, 3, 77–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkan, C. P. L., Craig, J. L., Strahl, S. D., Stewart, A. M. & Brown, J. L. (1986) Social-dominance in communal Mexican jays Aphelocoma ultramarina. Animal Behaviour, 34, 175–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkhead, T. R. (1991) The Magpie: the Ecology and Behaviour of Black-billed and Yellow-billed Magpies. London: Poyser.Google Scholar
Black, J. M. & Owen, M. (1987) Determinants of social rank in goose flocks: acquisition of social rank in young geese. Behaviour, 102, 129–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, J. M. & Owen, M. (1989) Parent offspring relationships in wintering barnacle geese. Animal Behaviour, 37, 187–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. L. (1963) Aggressiveness, dominance, and social organization in the Steller's jay. Condor, 65, 460–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. L. (1969) Territorial behaviour and population regulation in birds, a review and re-evaluation. Wilson Bulletin, 81, 293–329.Google Scholar
Brown, J. L. (1978a) Avian heirs of territory. Bioscience, 28, 750–752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. L. (1978b) Avian communal breeding systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 9, 123–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. L. (1987) Helping and Communal Breeding in Birds: Ecology and Evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. L. & Brown, E. R. (1984) Parental facilitation: parent–offspring relations in communally breeding birds. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 14, 203–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. L., Brown, E. R., Brown, S. D. & Dow, D. D. (1982) Helpers: effects of experimental removal on reproductive success. Science, 110, 207–214.Google Scholar
Burt, D. B. & Peterson, A. T. (1993) Biology of cooperatively breeding scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) of Oaxaca, Mexico. Auk, 1010, 207–214.Google Scholar
Carmen, W. J. (2004) Behavioural ecology of the California scrubjay (Aphelocoma californica): a non-cooperative breeder with close cooperative relatives. Studies in Avian Biology, 28.Google Scholar
Cezilly, F., ed. (2007) Cooperative breeding. Behavioural Processes, 76, 61–182.
Chapple, D. G. (2003) Ecology, life-history, and behavior in the Australian Scincid genus Egernia, with comments on the evolution of complex sociality in lizards. Herpetological Monographs, 17, 145–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1991) The Evolution of Parental Care. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. (2002) Breeding together: kin selection and mutualism in cooperative vertebrates. Science, 296, 69–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clutton-Brock, T. H., O'Riain, M. J., Brotherton, P. N. M.et al. (1999) Selfish sentinels in cooperative mammals. Science, 284, 1640–1644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cockburn, A. (1998) Evolution of helping behavior in cooperatively breeding birds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 29, 141–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cockburn, A. (2003) Cooperative breeding in oscine passerines: does sociality inhibit speciation?Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270, 2207–2214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cockburn, A. (2004) Mating systems and sexual conflict. In: Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, ed. Koenig, W. D. & Dickinson, J. L.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 81–101.Google Scholar
Cockburn, A. (2006) Prevalence of different modes of parental care in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 1375–1383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cockburn, A., Scott, M. P. & Dickman, C. R (1985) Sex ratio and intrasexual kin competition in mammals. Oecologia, 66, 427–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cockburn, A., Osmond, H. L., Mulder, R. A., Green, D. J. & Double, M. C. (2003) Divorce, dispersal, density-dependence and incest avoidance in the cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus. Journal of Animal Ecology, 72, 198–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Covas, R. & Griesser, M. (2007) Life history and the evolution of family living in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 274, 1349–1357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dahle, B. & Swenson, J. E. (2003) Family breakup in brown bears: are young forced to leave?Journal of Mammalogy, 84, 536–540.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, J. (1990) Females choose vigilant males: an experiment with the monogamous gray partridge, Perdix perdix. Animal Behaviour, 39, 646–651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniels, S. J. & Walters, J. R. (2000) Between-year breeding dispersal in red-cockaded woodpeckers: multiple causes and estimated cost. Ecology, 81, 2473–2484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derix, R., Hooff, J., Vries, H. & Wensing, J. (1993) Male and female mating competition in wolves: female suppression vs. male intervention. Behaviour, 127, 141–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, J. L. & McGowan, A. (2005) Winter resource wealth drives delayed dispersal and family-group living in western bluebirds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 272, 2423–2428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickinson, J. L., Koenig, W. D. & Pitelka, F. A. (1996) Fitness consequences of helping behaviour in the western bluebird. Behavioral Ecology, 7, 168–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dierkes, P., Taborsky, M. & Kohler, U. (1999) Reproductive parasitism of broodcare helpers in a cooperatively breeding fish. Behavioral Ecology, 10, 510–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doerr, E. D. & Doerr, V. A. J. (2006) Comparative demography of treecreepers: evaluating hypotheses for the evolution and maintenance of cooperative breeding. Animal Behaviour, 72, 147–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Double, C. M. & Cockburn, A. (2003) Subordinate superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) parasitize the reproductive success of attractive dominant males. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270, 379–384CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dugatkin, L. A. (1997) Cooperation Among Animals: a Modern Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Duplessis, M. A., Siegfried, W. R. & Armstrong, A. J. (1995) Ecological and life-history correlates of cooperative breeding in South-African birds. Oecologia, 102, 180–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eden, S. F. (1987) Natal philopatry of the magpie Pica pica. Ibis, 129, 470–490.Google Scholar
Eggers, S., Griesser, M., Andersson, T. & Ekman, J. (2005a) Nest predation and habitat change interact to influence Siberian jay numbers. Oikos, 111, 150–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggers, S., Griesser, M. & Ekman, J. (2005b) Predator-induced plasticity in nest visitation rates in the Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus). Behavioral Ecology, 16, 309–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggers, S., Griesser, M., Nystrand, M. & Ekman, J. (2006) Predation risk induces changes in nest-site selection and clutch size in the Siberian jay. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 273, 701–706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eikenaar, C., Richardson, D. S., Brouwer, L. & Komdeur, J. (2007) Parent presence, delayed dispersal, and territory acquisition in the Seychelles warbler. Behavioral Ecology, 18, 874–879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eikenaar, C., Komdeur, J. & Richardson, D. S. (2008) Natal dispersal patterns are not associated with inbreeding avoidance in the Seychelles warbler. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 21, 1106–1116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, J. (2006) Family living among birds. Journal of Avian Biology, 37, 289–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, J. & Ericson, P. G. P. (2006) Out of Gondwanaland: the evolutionary history of cooperative breeding and social behaviour among crows, magpies, jays and allies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 1117–1125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekman, J. & Griesser, M. (2002) Why offspring delay dispersal: experimental evidence for a role of parental tolerance. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 269, 1709–1713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekman, J. & Rosander, B. (1992) Survival enhancement through food sharing – a means for parental control of natal dispersal. Theoretical Population Biology, 42, 117–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekman, J., Sklepkovych, B. & Tegelstrom, H. (1994) Offspring retention in the Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus): the prolonged brood care hypothesis. Behavioral Ecology, 5, 245–253.Google Scholar
Ekman, J., Bylin, A. & Tegelstrom, H. (1999) Increased lifetime reproductive success for Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) males with delayed dispersal. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 266, 911–915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, J., Eggers, S., Griesser, M. & Tegelstrom, H. (2001a) Queuing for preferred territories: delayed dispersal of Siberian jays. Journal of Animal Ecology, 70, 317–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, J., Baglione, V., Eggers, S. & Griesser, M. (2001b) Delayed dispersal: living under the reign of nepotistic parents. Auk, 118, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, J., Eggers, S. & Griesser, M. (2002) Fighting to stay: the role of sibling rivalry for delayed dispersal. Animal Behaviour, 64, 453–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, J., Dickinson, J. L., Hatchwell, B. J. & Griesser, M. (2004) Roles of extended parental investment and territory quality in the evolution and maintenance of delayed dispersal. In Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, ed. Koenig, W. D. & Dickinson, J. L.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 35–47.Google Scholar
Emlen, S. T. (1982) The evolution of helping. 1. an ecological constraints model. American Naturalist, 119, 29–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emlen, S. T. (1991) The evolution of cooperative breeding in birds and mammals. In: Behavioural Ecology: an Evolutionary Approach, 3rd edn, ed. Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B.. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 301–337.Google Scholar
Emlen, S. T. (1995) An evolutionary theory of the family. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 92, 8092–8099.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emlen, S. T. (1997) Predicting family dynamics in social vertebrates. In Behavioural Ecology: an Evolutionary Approach, 4th edn, ed. Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B.. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 228–253.Google Scholar
Emlen, S. T. & Wrege, P. H. (1988) The role of kinship in helping decisions among white-fronted bee-eaters. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 23, 305–315CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ens, B. J., Kersten, M., Brenninkmeijer, A. & Hulscher, J. B. (1992) Territory quality, parental effort and reproductive success of oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus). Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 703–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ericson, P. G. P., Christidis, L., Cooper, A.et al. (2002) A Gondwanan origin of passerine birds supported by DNA sequences of the endemic New Zealand wrens. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 269, 35–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faaborg, J. (1986) Reproductive success and survivorship of the Galapagos hawk Buteo-galapagoensis: potential costs and benefits of cooperative polyandry. Ibis, 128, 337–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzpatrick, J. W. & Woolfenden, G. E. (1984) The helpful shall inherit the scrub. Natural History, 93, 55–63.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, J. W., Woolfenden, G. E. & McGowan, K. J. (1989) Sources of variation in life time fitness of Florida scrub jays. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Ornithological Congress, ed. Ouellet, H.. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, pp. 876–891.Google Scholar
Ford, H. A., Bell, H., Nias, R. & Noske, R. (1988) The relationship between ecology and the incidence of cooperative breeding in Australian birds. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 22, 239–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frith, C. B., Frith, D. W. & Jansen, A. (1997) The nesting biology of the chowchilla, Orthonyx spaldingii(Orthonychidae). Emu, 97, 18–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuchs, J., Fjeldså, J., Bowie, R. C. K., Voelker, G. & Pasquet, E. (2006) The African warbler genus Hyliota as a lost lineage in the Oscine songbird tree: molecular support for an African origin of the Passerida. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39, 186–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, J. L., Magrath, R. & Kokko, H. (2003) Stepping stones of life: natal dispersal in the group-living but noncooperative speckled warbler. Animal Behaviour, 66, 521–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gayou, D. C. (1986) The social system of the Texas green jay. Auk, 103, 540–547.Google Scholar
Goodman, D. (1974) Natural selection and a cost ceiling on reproductive effort. American Naturalist, 108, 247–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. J. & Cockburn, A. (2001) Post-fledging care, philopatry and recruitment in brown thornbills. Journal of Animal Ecology, 70, 505–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griesser, M. (2003) Nepotistic vigilance behavior in Siberian jay parents. Behavioral Ecology, 14, 246–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griesser, M. & Ekman, J. (2004) Nepotistic alarm calling in the Siberian jay, Perisoreus infaustus. Animal Behaviour, 67, 933–939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griesser, M. & Ekman, J. (2005) Nepotistic mobbing behaviour in the Siberian jay, Perisoreus infaustus. Animal Behaviour, 69, 345–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griesser, M., Nystrand, M. & Ekman, J. (2006) Reduced mortality selects for family cohesion in a social species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 1881–1886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griesser, M., Nystrand, M., Eggers, S. & Ekman, J. (2007) Impact of forestry practices on fitness correlates and population productivity in an open-nesting bird species. Conservation Biology, 21, 767–774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, A. S. & West, S. A. (2003) Kin discrimination and the benefit of helping in cooperatively breeding vertebrates. Science, 302, 634–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffin, A. S., Pemberton, J. M., Brotherton, P. N. M.et al. (2003) A genetic analysis of breeding success in the cooperative meerkat (Suricata suricatta). Behavioral Ecology, 14, 472–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1964a) The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, W. D. (1964b) The genetical evolution of social behaviour. II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 17–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hannon, S. J., Mumme, R. L., Koenig, W. D. & Pitelka, F. A. (1985) Replacement of breeders and within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 17, 303–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardling, R. & Kokko, H. (2003) Life-history traits as causes or consequences of social behaviour: why do cooperative breeders lay small clutches?Evolutionary Ecology Research, 5, 691–700.Google Scholar
Harrap, S. & Quinn, D. (1995) Tits, Nuthatches and Treecreepers. Cape Town: Russel Friedman.Google Scholar
Hatchwell, B. J. (1999) Investment strategies of breeders in avian cooperative breeding systems. American Naturalist, 154, 205–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hatchwell, B. J. & Komdeur, J. (2000) Ecological constraints, life history traits and the evolution of cooperative breeding. Animal Behaviour, 59, 1079–1086.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawn, A. T., Radford, A. N. & Du Plessis, M. A. (2007) Delayed breeding affects lifetime reproductive success differently in male and female green woodhoopoes. Current Biology, 17, 844–849.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hockey, P. A. R., Dean, W. R. J. & Tyan, P. G. (2005) Roberts Birds of Southern Africa. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund.Google Scholar
Hoglund, J., Alatalo, R. V., Lundberg, A., Rintamaki, P. T. & Lindell, J. (1999) Microsatellite markers reveal the potential for kin selection on black grouse leks. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 266, 813–816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, R. T., Frauenknecht, B. D. & Du Plessis, M. A. (2002) Breeding system of the Cape rockjumper, a South African fynbos endemic. Condor, 104, 188–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horrocks, J. A. & Hunte, W. (1986) Sentinel behaviour in vervet monkeys: who sees whom first. Animal Behaviour, 34, 1566–1567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houston, A. I., Székely, T. & McNamara, J. M. (2005) Conflict over parental care. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20, 33–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jack, K. M. & Fedigan, L. (2004a) Male dispersal patterns in white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus. Part 1: patterns and causes of natal emigration. Animal Behaviour, 67, 761–769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jack, K. M. & Fedigan, L. (2004b) Male dispersal patterns in white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus. Part 2: patterns and causes of secondary dispersal. Animal Behaviour, 67, 771–782CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansen, A. (1999) Home ranges and group-territoriality in chowchillas Orthonyx spaldingii. Emu, 99, 280–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kappeler, P. M. B. (2008) Genetic and ecological determinants of primate social systems. In: Ecology of Social Evolution, ed. Korb, J. & Heinze, J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 225–243.Google Scholar
Keller, L. F. & Waller, D. M. (2002) Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 17, 230–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, M. Z. & Walters, J. R. (1997) Is helping a beneficial learning experience for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) helpers?Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 41, 69–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kluyver, H. N. & Tinbergen, L. (1953) Territory and the regulation of density in titmice. Archives Néerlandaises de Zoologie, 10, 265–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, W. D. & Dickinson, J. L., eds. (2004) Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Koenig, W. D. & Haydock, J. (2004) Incest and incest avoidance. In: Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, ed. Koenig, W. D. and Dickinson, J. L.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 142–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, W. D., Pitelka, F. A., Carmen, W. J., Mumme, R. L. & Stanback, M. T. (1992) The evolution of delayed dispersal in cooperative breeders. Quarterly Review of Biology, 67, 111–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koenig, W. D., Haydock, J. & Stanback, M. T. (1998) Reproductive roles in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker: incest avoidance versus reproductive competition. American Naturalist, 151, 243–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koford, R. R., Bowen, B. S. & Vehrencamp, S. L. (1986) Habitat saturation in groove-billed anis (Crotophaga sulcirostris). American Naturalist, 127, 317–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kokko, H. (2007) Cooperative behaviour and cooperative breeding: what constitutes an explanation?Behavioural Processes, 76, 81–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kokko, H. & Ekman, J. (2002) Delayed dispersal as a route to breeding: territorial inheritance, safe havens, and ecological constraints. American Naturalist, 160, 468–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kokko, H. & Lundberg, P. (2001) Dispersal, migration, and offspring retention in saturated habitats. American Naturalist, 157, 188–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kokko, H., Johnstone, R. A. & Clutton-Brock, T. H. (2001) The evolution of cooperative breeding through group augmentation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 268, 187–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Komdeur, J. (1992) Importance of habitat saturation and territory quality for evolution of cooperative breeding in the Seychelles warbler. Nature, 358, 493–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komdeur, J. (1996) Influence of helping and breeding experience on reproductive performance in the Seychelles warbler: a translocation experiment. Behavioral Ecology, 7, 326–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komdeur, J. & Edelaar, P. (2001) Male Seychelles warblers use territory budding to maximize lifetime fitness in a saturated environment. Behavioral Ecology, 12, 706–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komdeur, J. & Richardson, D. S. (2007) Molecular ecology reveals the hidden complexities of the Seychelles warbler. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 37, 147–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komdeur, J., Huffstadt, A., Prast, W.et al. (1995) Transfer experiments of Seychelles warblers to new islands: changes in dispersal and helping behaviour. Animal Behaviour, 49, 695–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leisler, B., Winkler, H. & Wink, M. (2002) Evolution of breeding systems in acrocephaline warblers. Auk, 119, 379–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ligon, J. D. & Burt, B. D. (2004) Evolutionary origins. In: Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, ed. Koenig, W. D. & Dickinson, J. L.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 5–34.Google Scholar
Ligon, J. D., Ligon, S. H. & Ford, H. A. (1991) An experimental study of the basis of male philopatry in the cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus. Ethology, 87, 134–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacDonald, D. W. & Moehlman, P. D. (1982) Cooperation, altruism, and restraint in the reproduction of carnivores. In Perspectives in Ethology, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. and Klopfer, P., pp. 433–467. New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Macedo, R. H. & Bianchi, C. A. (1997) Communal breeding in tropical Guira cuckoos Guira guira: sociality in the absence of a saturated habitat. Journal of Avian Biology, 28, 207–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1964) Group selection and kin selection. Nature, 201, 1145–1147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1977) Parental investment: a prospective analysis. Animal Behaviour, 25, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGowan, K. J. & Woolfenden, G. E. (1989) A sentinel system in the Florida scrub jay. Animal Behaviour, 37, 1000–1006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulder, R. A. (1995) Natal and breeding dispersal in a co-operative, extra-group-mating bird. Journal of Avian Biology, 26, 234–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mumme, R. L. (1992) Do helpers increase reproductive success? An experimental analysis in the Florida scrub jay. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 31, 319–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, I. (1998) Population Limitation in Birds. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Newton, I., Davies, P. E. & Moss, D. (1994) Philopatry and population growth of red kites Milvus milvus in ales. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 257, 313–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, J. A. & Smith, H. G. (1988) Effects of dispersal date on winter flock establishement and social-dominance in marsh tits Parus palustris. Journal of Animal Ecology, 57, 917–928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nudds, T. D. (1978) Convergence of group size strategies by mammalian predators. American Naturalist, 112, 957–960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Riain, M. J., Jarvis, J. U. M., Alexander, R., Buffenstein, R. & Peeters, C. (2000) Morphological castes in a vertebrate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 97, 13194–13197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostreiher, R. (2003) Is mobbing altruistic or selfish behaviour?Animal Behaviour, 66, 145–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pasinelli, G. & Walters, J. R. (2002) Social and environmental factors affect natal dispersal and philopatry of male red-cockaded woodpeckers. Ecology, 83, 2229–2239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrin, N. & Lehmann, L. (2001) Is sociality driven by the costs of dispersal or the benefits of philopatry? A role for kin-discrimination mechanisms. American Naturalist, 158, 471–483.Google ScholarPubMed
Perrin, N. & Mazalov, V. (1999) Dispersal and inbreeding avoidance. American Naturalist, 154, 282–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pravosudova, E. V. & Grubb, T. C. (2000) An experimental test of the prolonged brood care model in the tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor). Behavioral Ecology, 11, 309–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pruett-Jones, S. G. & Lewis, M. J. (1990) Sex-ratio and habitat limitation promote delayed dispersal in superb fairy-wrens. Nature, 348, 541–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pusey, A. E. & Packer, C. (1987) The evolution of sex-biased dispersal in lions. Behaviour, 101, 275–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasa, O. A. E. (1979) Effects of crowding on the social relationships and behavior of the dwarf mongoose (Helogale undulata rufala). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie-Journal of Comparative Ethology, 49, 317–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasa, O. A. E. (1986) Coordinated vigilance in dwarf mongoose family groups: the watchmans song hypothesis and the costs of guarding. Ethology, 71, 340–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasa, O. A. E. (1989) The costs and effectiveness of vigilance behavior in the dwarf mongoose: implications for fitness and optimal group-size. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution, 1, 265–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reyer, H. U. (1984). Investment and relatedness: a cost/benefit analysis of breeding and helping in the pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis). Animal Behaviour, 32, 1163–1178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, D. S., Burke, T. & Komdeur, J. (2002) Direct benefits explain the evolution of female biased cooperative breeding in the Seychelles warblers. Evolution, 56, 2313–2321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, D. S., Komdeur, J. & Burke, T. (2003) Altruism and infidelity among warblers. Nature, 422, 580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robbins, A. M. & Robbins, M. M. (2005) Fitness consequences of dispersal decisions for male mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 58, 295–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, T. R. (2000) Factors affecting dispersal by song wrens (Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus): ecological constraints and demography. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 68, 1–31.Google Scholar
Rood, J. P. (1990) Group size, survival, reproduction, and routes to breeding in dwarf mongooses. Animal Behaviour, 39, 566–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowley, I. & Russell, E. (1989) Lifetime reproductive success in Malurus spendens, a co-operative breeder. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Ornithological Congress, ed. Ouellet, H.. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, pp. 866–875.Google Scholar
Russell, A. F. & Hatchwell, B. J. (2001) Experimental evidence for kin-biased helping in a cooperatively breeding vertebrate. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 268, 2169–2174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, E. M. (1989) Cooperative breeding: a Gondwanan perspective. Emu, 89, 61–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safi, K. & Kerth, G. (2007) Comparative analyses suggest that information transfer promoted sociality in male bats. American Naturalist, 170, 465–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaffer, W. M. (1974) Selection for optimal life histories: effects of age structure. Ecology, 55, 291–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, D. K. (1980) Functional aspects of prolonged parental care in Bewick's swans. Animal Behaviour, 28, 938–952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selander, R. K. (1964) Speciation in wrens of the genus Campylorhynchos. University of California Publications in Zoology, 74, 1–305.Google Scholar
Sherman, P. W. (1985) Alarm calls of belding ground-squirrels to aerial predators – nepotism or self-preservation. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 17, 313–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorey, L., Piertney, S., Stone, J. & Hoglund, J. (2000) Fine-scale genetic structuring on Manacus manacus leks. Nature, 408, 352–353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smiseth, P. T. & Moore, A. J. (2004) Behavioral dynamics between caring males and females in a beetle with facultative biparental care. Behavioral Ecology, 15, 621–628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, N. G. & French, J. A., eds. (1997) Cooperative Breeding in Mammals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stacey, P. B. & Koenig, W. D., eds. (1990) Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Long-term Studies of Ecology and Behaviour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stacey, P. B. & Ligon, J. D. (1987) Territory quality and dispersal options in the acorn woodpecker, and a challenge to the habitat-saturation model of cooperative breeding. American Naturalist, 130, 654–676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stacey, P. B. & Ligon, J. D. (1991) The benefits-of-philopatry hypothesis for the evolution of cooperative breeding: variation in territory quality and group-size effects. American Naturalist, 137, 831–846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Støen, O.-G., Zedrosser, A., Wegge, P. & Swenson, J. E. (2006) Socially induced delayed primiparity in brown bears Ursus arctos. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 6, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strickland, D. (1991) Juvenile dispersal in gray jays: dominant brood members expel siblings from natal territory. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 2935–2945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taborsky, M. (1994) Sneakers, satellites, and helpers: parasitic and cooperative behavior in fish reproduction. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 23, 1–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tchabovsky, A. & Bazykin, G. (2004) Females delay dispersal and breeding in a solitary gerbil, Meriones tamariscinus. Journal of Mammalogy, 85, 105–112.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vangen, K. M., Persson, J., Landa, A., Anderson, R. & Segerstrøm, P (2001) Characteristics of dispersal in wolverines. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 1641–1649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veltman, C. J. (1989) Flock, pair and group living lifestyles without cooperative breeding by Australian magpies. Ibis, 131, 601–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verbeek, N. A. M. & Butler, R. W. W. (1981) Cooperative breeding of the Nortwestern crow Corvus caurinus in British Columbia. Ibis, 123, 183–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walls, S. S. & Kenward, R. E. (1996) Movements of radio-tagged buzzards Buteo buteo in early life. Ibis, 140, 561–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walters, J. R., Copeyon, C. K. & Carter, J. H. (1992) Test of the ecological basis of cooperative breeding in red-cockaded woodpeckers. Auk, 109, 90–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, B. M. & Kotrschal, K. (2004) Effects of passive social support in juvenile greylag geese (Anser anser): a study from fledging to adulthood. Ethology, 110, 429–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, S. A., Griffin, A. S. & Gardner, A. (2007) Evolutionary explanations for cooperation. Current Biology, 17, 661–672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westneat, D. F. & Sherman, P. W. (1993) Parentage and the evolution of parental behavior. Behavioral Ecology, 4, 66–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiley, R. H. & Rabenold, K. N. (1984) The evolution of cooperative breeding by delayed reciprocity and queuing for favorable social positions. Evolution, 38, 609–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, E. O. (1975) Sociobiology: the New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Woolfenden, G. E. & Fitzpatrick, J. W. (1984) The Florida Scrub Jay: Demography of a Cooperative-Breeding Bird. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Woolfenden, G. E. & Fitzpatrick, J. W. (1986) Sexual asymmetries in the life history of the Florida scrub jay. In: Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution, ed. Rubenstein, D. and Wrangham, R. W.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 87–107.Google Scholar
Wright, J., Berg, E., Kort, S. R., Khazin, V. & Maklakov, A. A. (2001a) Cooperative sentinel behaviour in the Arabian babbler. Animal Behaviour, 62, 973–979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, J., Berg, E., Kort, S. R., Khazin, V. & Maklakov, A. A. (2001b) Safe selfish sentinels in a cooperative bird. Journal of Animal Ecology, 70, 1070–1079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zahavi, A. (1990) Arabian babbler: the quest for social status in a cooperative breeder. In: Cooperative Breeding in Birds, ed. Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 103–130.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×