Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T12:54:17.833Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - Slavery without States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2014

Sean Stilwell
Affiliation:
University of Vermont
Get access

Summary

Introduction

A Balanta man, Mam Nambtacha, described how Balanta communities dealt with the captives they acquired in the past, and focused on the way that children might eventually be incorporated after a long period of time living within a household:

People went to distant tabancas [villages] to conduct ostemoré [a raid]. They carried away cows and other goods.... Captives could also be taken. The families could pay something and in the end could gain the liberty of the captured people. If the families could not pay, the captives stayed in the houses of their captors. For example, in the tabanca of Cumbumba, there was once an old man called Mpas Na Uale who was said to be in the subgroup Mansoanca. He had been captured in ostemoré. Since his family did not have the courage to pay a ransom and retrieve him from the tabanca of Cumbumba, Mpas Na Uale stayed there until he died. At that point he was not Balanta Mansoanca but a Balanta Nhacra. The practice of ostemoré was one of the things that led to the mixing of the Balanta with other ethnic groups.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

McIntosh, (ed.), Beyond Chiefdoms: Pathways to Complexity in Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
Lovejoy, , Transformations in Slavery, 12–13.
Miller, Joseph C, “Africa” in Finkelman, Paul and Miller, Joseph C (eds.), The Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery (London: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1998), 30 and Miller, The Problem of Slavery as History, 48–49.
Thornton, John, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 76. There were, of course, other methods. Thornton also emphasizes taxation.
Klieman, Kairn A., The Pygmies Were Our Compass: Bantu and Batwa in the History of West Central Africa, Early Times to c. 1900 C.E. (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2003), 72–73.
Kopytoff, Igor, “The Internal African Frontier: The Making of African Political Culture” in Kopytoff, I. (ed.), The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987), 44 as cited by Klieman, The Pygmies Were Our Compass, 73.
Vansina, Jan, How Societies Are Born: Governance in West Central Africa before 1600 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005), 91–92.
Miller, , “Introduction” in Campbell, , Miers, , and Miller, (eds.), Women and Slavery, vol. I, 26.
Miller, Joseph C., “Domiciled and Dominated: Slaving as a History of Women” in Campbell, , Miers, , and Miller, (eds.), Women and Slavery, vol. II,287–288
Finley, Moses, “Slavery” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1968), 307–313
Klein, Martin, Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 15.
Klein, Martin, “Slavery and the Early State in Africa” in Social Evolution & History Vol. 8, No. 1 (2009), 171–172.Google Scholar
Stephens, Rhiannon, “Lineage and Society in Precolonial Uganda” in Journal of African History 50, 2 (2009), 205Google Scholar
Kodesh, Neil, “Networks of Knowledge: Clanship and Collective Well-being in Buganda” in Journal of African History 49, 2 (2008), 197–216.Google Scholar
Glassman, Jonathon, “The Bondsman’s New Clothes: The Contradictory Consciousness of Slave Resistance on the Swahili Coast” in Journal of African History vol. 32, no. 2 (1991), 283–284.Google Scholar
Robertson, Claire and Klein, Martin (eds.), Women and Slavery in Africa (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1997), 148.
Piot, Charles, “Of Slaves and the Gift: Kabre Sale of Kin During the Era of the Slave Trade” inJournal of African History 37, 1 (1996), 36.Google Scholar
Nwokeji, G. Ugo, The Slave Trade and Culture in the Bight of Biafra: An African Society in the Atlantic World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 14–15.
Nwaubani, Ebere, “Chieftancy Among the Igbo: A Guest on Center Stage” in The International Journal of African Historical Studies 27, 2 (1994), 348.Google Scholar
Isichei, Elizabeth, “Historical Change in an Ibo Polity: Asaba to 1885” in Journal of African History 10, 3 (1969), 424.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Slavery without States
  • Sean Stilwell, University of Vermont
  • Book: Slavery and Slaving in African History
  • Online publication: 05 June 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139034999.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Slavery without States
  • Sean Stilwell, University of Vermont
  • Book: Slavery and Slaving in African History
  • Online publication: 05 June 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139034999.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Slavery without States
  • Sean Stilwell, University of Vermont
  • Book: Slavery and Slaving in African History
  • Online publication: 05 June 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139034999.004
Available formats
×