Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T10:28:22.652Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

9 - Natural selection and complex systems: a complex interaction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2009

David Sloan Wilson
Affiliation:
Binghamton University
Charlotte Hemelrijk
Affiliation:
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands
Get access

Summary

In their book Darwinism Evolving, Depew and Weber (1995) develop the thesis that evolutionary theory has been reformulated several times to keep pace with advances in knowledge about the physical world. Darwin's Newtonian formulation was replaced by a probabilistic formulation early in the twentieth century. According to Depew and Weber, the new science of complexity will force yet another formulation, which is taking place during our time.

This general thesis may well be correct but Depew and Weber's specific account of the relationship between evolution and complexity leaves much to be desired (Wilson, 1995). They largely accept the polemic view of Gould and Lewontin (1979) at face value, arguing that natural selection is far more constrained and adaptations less common than claimed by proponents of the so-called adaptationist programme. Complexity is viewed as something that stamps its own properties on organisms and resists the modifying effects of natural selection.

Depew and Weber are not alone in this view. Many complexity theorists and writers seem to parade under the banner ‘Darwin is dead! Long live complexity!’ The following passage by Kauffman (1993: 24) provides one example:

In short, if selection is operating on systems with strongly self-organized properties that are typical of the ensemble being explored, then those properties simultaneously are the proper null hypothesis concerning what we would expect to find in the absence of selection and may be good predictors of what we will observe even in the presence of continuing selection. In brief, if selection can only slightly displace evolutionary systems from the generic properties of the underlying ensembles, those properties will be widespread in organisms not because of selection, but despite it.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bell, G. (1982). The Masterpiece of Nature. Berkeley, CA: University of California PressGoogle Scholar
Charlesworth, D. and Charlesworth, B. (1975). Theoretical genetics of Batesian mimicry. I. Single-locus models. J. Theoret. Biol. 55, 283–303CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Depew, D. J. and Weber, B. H. (1995). Darwinism Evolving: Systems Dynamics and the Genealogy of Natural Selection. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Goodnight, C. J. and Stevens, L. (1997). Experimental studies of group selection: what do they tell us about group selection in nature?Am. Naturalist 150, S59–S79CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gould, S. J. and Lewontin, R. C. (1979). The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist program. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 205, 581–598CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, C. R. and Boerlijst, M. C. (2002). Selection at the level of community: the importance of spatial structure. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17, 83–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, C. R. and Seinen, I. (2002). Selection for restraint in competitive ability in spatial competition systems. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 269, 655–663CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kauffman, S. A. (1993). The Origins of Order. Oxford: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Michod, R. E. and Levin, B. R. (eds.) (1988). The Evolution of Sex. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer AssociatesGoogle Scholar
Otte, D. and Endler, J. A. (eds.) (1989). Speciation and its Consequences. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer AssociatesGoogle Scholar
Provine, W. B. (1986). Sewall Wright and Evolutionary Biology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar
Sober, E. and Wilson, D. S. (1998). Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar
Swenson, W., Arendt, J. and Wilson, D. S. (2000a). Artificial selection of microbial ecosystems for 3-chloroaniline biodegradation. Envir. Microbiol. 2, 564–571CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swenson, W., Wilson, D. S. and Elias, R. (2000b). Artificial ecosystem selection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9110–9114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, B. (1991). Fifty Years of Genetic Load: An Odyssey. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. S. (1992).The effect of complex interactions on variation between units of a metacommunity, with implications for biodiversity and higher levels of selection. Ecology 73, 1984–2000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. S. (1995).Book review: Darwinism Evolving: Systems Dynamics and the Genealogy of Natural Selection. Artif. Life 2, 261–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. S. and Kniffin, K. M. (1999). Multilevel selection and the social transmission of behavior. Hum. Nature 10, 291–310CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, D. S. and Knollenberg, W. G. (1987). Adaptive indirect effects: the fitness of burying beetles with and without their phoretic mites. Evol. Ecol. 1, 139–159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. S. and Wells, A. (1994). Radical epistasis and the genotype–phenotype relationship. Artif. Life 2, 117–128CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×