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Marines européennes, développements administratif, économique et financier

from Développement maritime et maîtrise économique et financière

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

David Plouviez
Affiliation:
University of Nantes
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Summary

RÉSUMÉ. Le développement de navires de guerre spécialisés, l'évolution de leur complexité technique, la nécessité de maintenir les marines de guerre de façon permanente ont occasionné une mobilisation financière exponentielle permise par le renforcement du pouvoir central dont elle est tout à la fois cause et conséquence.

Les liens entre développement économique, fiscalité et marine de guerre apparaissent particulièrement évidents en Angleterre qui consacre presque la moitié de sa dépense publique à la marine plutôt qu'à l'armée. La croissance économique britannique, stimulée par le commerce international, nourrissait le budget de l'état qui pouvait alors faire face à la construction et à l'entretien de la Royal Navy qui elle-même allait imposer la pax britannica sur les eaux internationales et ainsi permettre la poursuite des échanges commerciaux. à noter également une situation bien plus concurrentielle dans les marchés d'approvisionnement britanniques comparé à ceux plus monopolistiques de la France et de l'Espagne, ce qui n'a pas été sans conséquences tant au niveau de la qualité que des prix.

ABSTRACT. The development of specialized warships, the evolution of their technical complexity, and the need to maintain navies on a permanent basis necessitated an exponential financial mobilization which was made possible by strengthening the central power, of which it is both a cause and a consequence.

The links between economic development, taxation, and the naval warfare are particularly clear in England which devoted almost half of its public budget to the navy, rather than the army. British economic growth stimulated by international trade fed the state budget which was then able to cope with the construction and maintenance costs of the Royal Navy, which would impose the pax britannica over international waters and thus ensure continuity of commercial exchanges. Note that the situation was more competitive in the British supply markets than those more monopolistic in France and Spain, with ensuing consequences on both quality and price levels.

La publication de l'ouvrage de Geoffrey Parker consacré à la « Révolution militaire » a considérablement fait progresser notre regard sur la construction des états modernes et leurs capacités à faire la guerre de la Renaissance à la première industrialisation.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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