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The hybrid maritime actors of Southeast Asia

from LA RÉUSSITE PAR LA MER:La reussite par la mer des territoires et des communautés littorales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

Anthony Reid
Affiliation:
University in Canberra, Australia
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Summary

ABSTRACT. This article describes the path of the Malayo-Polynesians who lived in the Malay Peninsula and the Southeast Asian islands. The crisis of the empire and the Ming takeover resulteds in significant Cantonese emigration towards Java, Champa, Brunei, and the Philippines due to the repression of the Sino-Muslims and Islamo-Chinese. In the 15th century, the development of the Chinese spice trade in the Maluku (Moluccas, or Spice Islands) was due to the mobilization of Malay and Javanese fleets. When in 1568 the empire again authorized private trade by issuing licenses, the Chinese communities that moved to the ports clearly showed their differences with the completely assimilated older generations. But the fleets of Chinese junks after 1568 and the European ships would take over long-distance trade while the archipelago communities weakened by the conflicts between the small states would end up with flotillas of small junks of less than 10-ton capacity used for the essential runs along the coasts between small and large ports.

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article expose la trajectoire des communautés malayo-polynésiennes qui se sont implantées dans la péninsule malaise et les îles du sud-est asiatique. La crise de l'empire et sa reprise en mains par les Ming se traduisent par une forte émigration cantonaise en raison de la répression de musulmans sinisés et de chinois islamisés vers Java, Champa, Brunei et les Philippines. Au XVe siècle, le développement du commerce chinois des épices dans les Moluques se fait par la mobilisation des flottes malaises et javanaises. Quand, en 1568, l'empire, sous forme de licences, autorise à nouveau le commerce privé, ce sont alors des communautés chinoises qui viennent s'installer dans les ports et affichent clairement leur différence d'avec les générations anciennes complètement assimilées. Mais la flotte des jonques chinoises après 1568 et les navires européens vont confisquer le commerce au loin tandis que nos communautés des archipels, affaiblies par des conflits entre les petits états, vont se retrouver avec des flottilles de petites jonques de moins de 10 tonneaux chargés des liaisons indispensables de cabotage entre les petits ports et les grands ports.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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