Jamaica, the third largest island in the West Indies, has more than 2.5 million inhabitants and is commonly known not only as a popular tourist destination, but also for its religion and popular culture – most notably reggae and Rastafarianism. The latter, however, is very much a product of another fact of particular significance that is central to the argument of this chapter. Throughout Jamaica there are place names and large plantation mansions that serve to remind the people that their land was, until 1962, a British colony and, until August 1, 1838, a slave colony. The aim of this chapter is simply to argue that these latter exogenous factors are central to understanding schism in African-Caribbean religion. In other words, schism in Jamaican religion is fundamentally related to the colonial and postcolonial experiences associated with plantation society, or what is sometimes termed “Plantation-America.” This is based on the general thesis that, as Leonard Barrett's seminal study of Rastafarianism argues, the very psyche of the Jamaican people is a product of their history.