This epilogue examines the ways in which the conquest established the contours of the Russian colonial regime, and some of the – often incomplete – transformations this would bring over the decades before 1914. It brings together certain themes which have run throughout the book – sovereignty, Great Power prestige, violence, camels – and summarises how these manifested themselves during different episodes of the conquest. It also compares the conquest with other periods of military violence in Central Asia – the Revolution and Civil War, and the Soviet war in Afghanistan.