Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-86b6f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-06T15:19:07.794Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - Putting the Romance Back Into Sex: Sexuality in Romantic Relationships

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2010

By
Eva S. Lefkowitz ,
Meghan M. Gillen  and
Sara A. Vasilenko
Edited by
Frank D. Fincham  and
Ming Cui
Frank D. Fincham
Affiliation:
Florida State University
Ming Cui
Affiliation:
Florida State University
Get access

Summary

Recent media attention on romantic relationships and sexual behavior in emerging adulthood has portrayed hooking up as a primary means of sexual interaction among young people. Popular books on adolescent and emerging adult sexuality include titles such as Hooking Up: Sex, Dating, and Relationships on College Campuses (Bogle, 2008) and Unhooked: How Young Women Pursue Sex, Delay Love, and Lose at Both (Stepp, 2007); recent articles in the New York Times include scintillating titles like “The Demise of Dating” (Blow, 2008) and “Friends with Benefits, and Stress Too” (Carey, 2007). Popular media frequently portray emerging adults similarly, whether through movies like American Pie 2 or “reality” television like MTV's The Real World. However, as we describe later, these portrayals do not capture the reality of emerging adults' experiences, only presenting a small piece of a very complex picture.

THEORIES OF SEXUALITY

Mirroring limitations in the media, theories of sexuality do not adequately address emerging adults' sexual behaviors within romantic relationships. Theories about sex tend to fall into four categories. First, biological theories focus on pubertal development and hormonal activation and therefore are more relevant for adolescents than for emerging adults (Rodgers & Rowe, 1993; Udry, Billy, Morris, Gruff, & Raj, 1985). Second, problem behavior theories describe adolescent sexual behaviors within a constellation of other problem behaviors that share antecedents (e.g., Jessor & Jessor, 1975; Newcomb, Huba, & Bentler, 1986). Emerging adults obviously engage in some sexual behaviors with potentially negative physical or psychological consequences.

Type
Chapter
Information
Romantic Relationships in Emerging Adulthood , pp. 213 - 233
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ajzen, I. (1985). From decisions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Kuhl, J. & Beckmann, J. (Eds.), Action-control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11–39). New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Alan Guttmacher Institute (2002). Sexual and reproductive health: Men and women. Facts in Brief. New York: Author.Google Scholar
,Alan Guttmacher Institute (2006). Facts on American teens' sexual and reproductive health. Facts in Brief. New York: Author.Google Scholar
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baldwin, J. D., Whiteley, S., & Baldwin, J. I. (1992). The effect of ethnic group on sexual activities related to contraception and STDs. Journal of Sex Research, 29, 189–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blow, C. M. (2008, December 13). The demise of dating. New York Times, p. A21.
Blum, R. W., Beuhring, T., Shew, M. L., Bearinger, L. H., Sieving, R. E., & Resnick, M. D. (2000). The effects of race/ethnicity, income, and family structure on adolescent risk behaviors. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 1879–1884.Google Scholar
Bogle, K. (2008). Hooking up: Sex, dating and relationships on college campuses. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, B. B. (1999). “You're going out with who?” Peer group influences on adolescent romantic relationships. In Furman, W., Brown, B. B., & Feiring, C. (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence (pp. 291–329). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, L. K., DiClemente, R. J., & Reynolds, L. A. (1991). HIV prevention for adolescents: Utility of the Health Belief Model. AIDS Education and Prevention, 3, 50–59.Google ScholarPubMed
,Bureau of Justice (2007). Intimate partner violence in the United States: Victim characteristics. Retrieved from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/intimate/victims.htm
Buss, D. M. (1995). Psychological sex differences: Origins through sexual selection. American Psychologist, 50, 164–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byers, E. S., & Demmons, S. (1999). Sexual satisfaction and sexual self-disclosure within dating relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 36, 180–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Call, V., Sprecher, S., & Schwartz, P. (1995). The incidence and frequency of marital sex in a national sample. Journal of Marriage and Family, 57, 639–652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, B. (2007, October 2). Friends with benefits, and stress too. New York Times, p. F5.
Capaldi, D. M., Stoolmiller, M., Clark, S., & Owen, L. D. (2002). Heterosexual risk behaviors in at-risk young men from early adolescence to young adulthood: Prevalence, prediction, and association with STD contraction. Developmental Psychology, 38, 394–406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, J. S., Willoughby, B., Badger, S., Nelson, L. J., Barry, C. M., & Madsen, S. D. (2007). So close, yet so far away: The impact of varying marital horizons on emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22, 219–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Fact sheet: Understanding sexual violence. Atlanta: Author.
Chara, P. J., & Kuennen, L. M. (1994). Diverging gender attitudes regarding casual sex: A cross sectional study. Psychological Reports, 74, 57–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Civic, D. (1999). The association between characteristics of dating relationships and condom use among heterosexual young adults. AIDS Education and Prevention, 11, 343–352.Google ScholarPubMed
Collins, W. A. (2003). More than myth: The developmental significance of romantic relationships during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connolly, J., & Goldberg, A. (1999). Romantic relationships in adolescence: The role of friends and peers in their emergence and development. In Furman, W., Brown, B. B., & Feiring, C. (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence (pp. 266–290). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, M. L., Agocha, V. B., & Powers, A. M. (1999). Motivations for condom use: Do pregnancy prevention goals undermine disease prevention among heterosexual young adults? Health Psychology, 18, 464–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, M. L., Shapiro, C. M., & Powers, A. M. (1998). Motivations for sex and risky sexual behavior among adolescents and young adults: A functional perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1528–1558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbin, W. R., & Fromme, K. (2002). Alcohol use and serial monogamy as risks for sexually transmitted diseases in young adults. Health Psychology, 21, 229–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costa, F. M., Jessor, R., Donovan, J. E., & Fortenberry, J. D. (1995). Early initiation of sexual intercourse: The influence of psychosocial unconventionality. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 5, 93–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, M., & Popp, D. (2003). Sexual double standards: A review and methodological critique of two decades of research. Journal of Sex Research, 40, 13–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Critelli, J. W., & Suire, D. M. (1998). Obstacles to condom use: The combination of other forms of birth control and short-term monogamy. Journal of American College Health, 46, 215–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cubbins, L. A., & Tanfer, K. (2000). The influence of gender on sex: A study of men's and women's self-reported high risk sex behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29, 229–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Desiderato, L. L., & Crawford, H. J. (1995). Risky sexual behavior in college students: Relationships between number of sexual partners, disclosure of previous risky behavior, and alcohol use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, 55–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visser, R. O., & Smith, A. M. A. (2000). When always isn't enough: Implications of the late application of condoms for the validity and reliability of self-reported condom use. AIDS Care, 12, 221–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, K. A., Collins, J. L., Warren, C., Kann, L., Gold, R., Clayton, S., et al. (1997). Results from the 1995 national college health risk behavior survey. Journal of American College Health, 46, 55–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubé, E. M., & Savin-Williams, R. C. (1999). Sexual identity development among ethnic sexual minority male youths. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1389–1398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, M. (2001). Differences in sexual risk behaviors between college students with same-sex and opposite-sex experience: Results from a national study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 575–589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eshbaugh, E., & Gute, G. (2008). Hookups and sexual regret among college women. Journal of Social Psychology, 148, 77–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farmer, M. A., & Meston, C. M. (2006). Predictors of condom use self-efficacy in an ethnically diverse university sample. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 313–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feeney, J. A., Peterson, C., Gallois, C., & Terry, D. J. (2000). Attachment style as a predictor of sexual attitudes and behavior in late adolescence. Psychology & Health, 14, 1105–1122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finer, L. B., & Henshaw, S. K. (2006). Disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States, 1994 and 2001. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 38, 90–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, B. S., Cullen, F. T., & Turner, M. G. (2000). The sexual victimization of college women: Research report (NCJ 182369). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, J. D. (1988). Possible effects of reference group-based social influence on AIDS-risk behavior and AIDS-prevention. American Psychologist, 43, 914–920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furman, W., & Wehner, E. A. (1997). Adolescent romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. In Shulman, S. & Collins, W. A. (Eds.), Romantic relationships in adolescence: Developmental perspectives (Vol. 78, pp. 21–36). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Gazmararian, J. A., Lazorick, S., Spitz, A. M., Ballard, T. J., Saltzman, L. E., & Marks, J. S. (1996). Prevalence of violence against pregnant women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 275, 1915–1920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gentzler, A. L., & Kerns, K. A. (2004). Associations between insecure attachment and sexual experiences. Personal Relationships, 11, 249–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gidycz, C. A., Warkentin, J. B., & Orchowski, L. M. (2007). Predictors of perpetration of verbal, physical, and sexual violence: A prospective analysis of college men. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 8, 79–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, K., & Faulkner, S. L. (2005). Gender, belief in the sexual double standard, and sexual talk in heterosexual dating relationships. Sex Roles, 53, 239–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grello, C. M., Welsh, D. P., & Harper, M. S. (2006). No strings attached: The nature of casual sex in college students. Journal of Sex Research, 43, 255–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grello, C. M., Welsh, D. P., Harper, M. S., & Dickson, J. W. (2003). Dating and sexual relationship trajectories and adolescent functioning. Adolescent & Family Health, 3, 103–112.Google Scholar
Gross, A. M., Winslett, A., Roberts, M., & Gohm, C. L. (2006). An examination of sexual violence against college women. Violence Against Women, 12, 288–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guzzo, K. B., & Furstenberg, F. F. (2007). Multipartnered fertility among young women with a nonmarital first birth: Prevalence and risk factors. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 39, 29–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammer, J. C., Fisher, J. D., Fitzgerald, P., & Fisher, W. A. (1996). When two heads aren't better than one: AIDS risk behavior in college-age couples. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 375–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hogben, M., & Williams, S. P. (2001). Exploring the context of women's relationship perceptions, sexual behavior, and contraceptive strategies. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 13, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Impett, E. A., Gordon, A. M., & Strachman, A. (2008). Attachment and daily sexual goals: A study of dating couples. Personal Relationships, 15, 375–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Impett, E. A., & Peplau, L. A. (2002).Why some women consent to unwanted sex with a dating partner: Insights from attachment theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 360–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Impett, E. A., & Peplau, L. A. (2003). Sexual compliance: Gender, motivational, and relationship perspectives. Journal of Sex Research, 40, 87–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaccard, J., McDonald, R., Wan, C. K., Dittus, P. J., & Quinlan, S. (2002). The accuracy of self reports of condom use and sexual behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 1863–1905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jessor, S. J., & Jessor, R. (1975). Transition from virginity to nonvirginity among youth: A social-psychological study over time. Developmental Psychology, 11, 473–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaestle, C. E. (2009). Sexual insistence and disliked sexual activities in young adulthood: Differences by gender and relationship characteristics. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41, 33–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaestle, C. E., & Halpern, C. T. (2007). What's love got to do with it? Sexual behaviors of opposite-sex couples through emerging adulthood. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 39, 134–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalichman, S. C., Sarwer, D. B., Johnson, J. R., Ali, S. A., Early, J., & Tuten, J. T. (1993). Sexually coercive behavior and love styles: A replication and extension. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 6, 93–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Knox, D., Sturdivant, L., & Zusman, M. E. (2001). College student attitudes toward sexual intimacy. College Student Journal, 35, 241–243.Google Scholar
Lam, A. G., & Barnhart, J. E. (2006). It takes two: The role of partner ethnicity and age characteristics on condom negotiations of heterosexual Chinese and Filipina American college women. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18, 68–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landry, D. J., & Camelo, T. M. (1994). Young unmarried men and women discuss men's role in contraceptive practice. Family Planning Perspectives, 26, 222–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laursen, B., & Jensen-Campbell, L. A. (1999). The nature and functions of social exchange in adolescent romantic relationships. In Furman, W., Brown, B. B., & Feiring, C. (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence (pp. 50–74). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefkowitz, E. S. (2005). “Things have gotten better”: Developmental changes among emerging adults after the transition to university. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 40–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacNair-Semands, R. R., & Simono, R. B. (1996). College student risk behaviors: Implications for the HIV-AIDS pandemic. Journal of College Student Development, 37, 574–583.Google Scholar
Maiman, L. A., & Becker, M. H. (1974). The Health Belief Model: Origins and correlates in psychological theory. In Becker, M. H. (Ed.), The Health Belief Model and personal health behavior. Thorofare, NJ: Charles B. Slack.Google Scholar
Manlove, J., Franzetta, K., Ryan, S., & Moore, K. (2006). Adolescent sexual relationships, contraceptive consistency, and pregnancy prevention approaches. In Crouter, A. C. & Booth, A. (Eds.), Romance and sex in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Risks and opportunities (181–212). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Manning, W. D., Longmore, M. A., & Giordano, P. C. (2000). The relationship context of contraceptive use at first intercourse. Family Planning Perspectives, 32, 104–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlin, C. S., Chen, C., Greenberger, E., & Biermeier, C. (1997). Family, peer, and individual correlates of sexual experience among Caucasian and Asian American late adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 7, 33–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meier, A. M. (2007). Adolescent first sex and subsequent mental health. American Journal of Sociology, 112, 1811–1847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, R. T., Gagnon, J. H., Laumann, E. O., & Kolata, G. (1994). Sex in America: A definitive survey. New York: Warner Books.Google Scholar
Miller, B., & Moore, K. (1990). Adolescent sexual behavior, pregnancy, and parenting: Research through the late 1980s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 1025–1044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Misovich, S. J., Fisher, J. D., & Fisher, W. A. (1997). Close relationships and elevated HIV risk behavior: Evidence and possible underlying psychological processes. Review of General Psychology, 1, 72–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, M. (1999). Reproductive health and intimate partner violence. Family Planning Perspectives, 31, 302–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, N. B., & Davidson, J. K. (2000). Communicating with new sex partners: College women and questions that make a difference. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 26, 215–230.Google Scholar
Mosher, W. D., Chandra, A., & Jones, J. (2005). Sexual behavior and selected health measures: Men and women 15–44 years of age, United States, 2002. Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics, 362. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.Google Scholar
Newcomb, M. D., Huba, G. J., & Bentler, P. M. (1986). Desirability of various life change events among adolescents: Effects of exposure, sex, age, and ethnicity. Journal of Research in Personality, 20, 207–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oncale, R. M., & King, B. M. (2001). Comparison of men's and women's attempts to dissuade sexual partners from the couple using condoms. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 379–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Sullivan, L. F., & Allgeier, E. R. (1998). Feigning sexual desire: Consenting to unwanted sexual activity in heterosexual dating relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 35, 234–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patrick, M. E., & Maggs, J. L. (2009). Does drinking lead to sex? Daily alcohol-sex behaviors and expectancies among college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23, 472–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patrick, M. E., Maggs, J. L., & Abar, C. C. (2007). Reasons to have sex, personal goals, and sexual behavior during the transition to college. Journal of Sex Research, 44, 240–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paul, E. L., McManus, B., & Hayes, A. (2000). “Hookups”: Characteristics and correlates of college students' spontaneous and anonymous sexual experiences. Journal of Sex Research, 37, 76–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peplau, L. A. (2003). Human sexuality: How do men and women differ? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 37–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perkins, D. F., Luster, T., Villarruel, F. A., & Small, S. (1998). An ecological, risk-factor examination of adolescents' sexual activity in three ethnic groups. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 660–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poppen, P. J. (1995). Gender and patterns of sexual risk taking in college students. Sex Roles, 32, 545–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodgers, J. L., & Rowe, D. C. (1993). Social contagion and adolescent sexual behavior: A developmental EMOSA model. Psychological Review, 100, 479–510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Education Monographs, 2, 328–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabia, J. J. (2006). Does early adolescent sex cause depressive symptoms? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 25, 803–825.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santelli, J. S., Brener, N. D., Lowry, R., Bhatt, A., & Zabin, L. S. (1998). Multiple sexual partners among US adolescents and young adults. Family Planning Perspectives, 30, 271–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savin-Williams, R. C., & Diamond, L. M. (2000). Sexual identity trajectories among sexual minority youths: Gender comparisons. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29, 607–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savin-Williams, R. C., & Ream, G. L. (2007). Prevalence and stability of sexual orientation components during adolescence and young adulthood. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 385–394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuster, R. M., Bell, R. B., Nakajima, G. A., & Kanouse, D. E. (1998). The sexual practices of Asian and Pacific Islander high school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23, 221–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegel, D. M., Klein, D. I., & Roghmann, K. J. (1999). Sexual behavior, contraception, and risk among college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 25, 336–343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stepp, L. S. (2007). Unhooked: How young women pursue sex, delay love, and lose at both. New York: Riverhead Books.Google Scholar
Sutherland, E. H. (1947). Principles of criminology (4th ed.). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.Google Scholar
Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Troth, A., & Peterson, C. C. (2000). Factors predicting safe-sex talk and condom use in early sexual relationships. Health Communication, 12, 195–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Udry, J., Billy, J., Morris, N., Gruff, T., & Raj, M. (1985). Serum androgenic hormones motivate sexual behavior in boys. Fertility and Sterility, 43, 90–94.Google ScholarPubMed
Umphrey, L., & Sherblom, J. (2007). Relational commitment and threats to relationship maintenance goals: Influences on condom use. Journal of American College Health, 56, 61–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vasilenko, S. A., Ram, N., & Lefkowitz, E. S. (in press). Body image and first sexual intercourse in late adolescence. Journal of Adolescence.
Widman, L., Welsh, D. P., McNulty, J. K., & Little, K. C. (2006). Sexual communication and contraceptive use in adolescent dating couples. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 893–899.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
,Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. (2007). Youth online [online database]. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/rbss/

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×