Book contents
- Roman Identity and Lived Religion
- Greek Culture in the Roman World
- Roman Identity and Lived Religion
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1 The Absence of Christian Iconography and the Presence of Roman Cult and Culture in the Baptismal Complex of Cuicul, Numidia
- 2 The Use of Non-Christian Imagery in Baptisteries
- 3 The Conversion of a Personification
- Coda
- References
- Index
- References
References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 February 2025
Book contents
- Roman Identity and Lived Religion
- Greek Culture in the Roman World
- Roman Identity and Lived Religion
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1 The Absence of Christian Iconography and the Presence of Roman Cult and Culture in the Baptismal Complex of Cuicul, Numidia
- 2 The Use of Non-Christian Imagery in Baptisteries
- 3 The Conversion of a Personification
- Coda
- References
- Index
- References
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Roman Identity and Lived ReligionBaptismal Art in Late Antiquity, pp. 201 - 244Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2025
References
References
Aasgaard, Reidar. 2011. ‘Ambrose and Augustine. Two Bishops on Baptism and Christian Identity’, in Hellholm, David, Vegge, Tor, Norderval, Øyvind, and Hellholm, Christer (eds.), Ablution, Initiation, and Baptism: Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity (De Gruyter: Berlin): 1253–1282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abulafia, David. 2011. The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean (Allen Lane: London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acquaro, Enrico (ed.). 1991. Monete puniche nelle collezioni italiane. Vol. 3. Bolletino di numismatica (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato: Rome).Google Scholar
Adrych, Philippa, Bracey, Robert, Dalglish, Dominic, Lenk, Stefanie, and Wood, Rachel. 2017. Images of Mithra (Oxford University Press: Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravenna, Agnellus. 2006. Agnelli Ravennatis Liber pontificalis ecclesiae Ravennatis, ed. Mauskopf Deliyannis, Deborah (Brepols: Turnhout).Google Scholar
Ahbe, Thomas. 2013. ‘Die ostdeutsche Erinnerung als Eisberg’, in Goudin-Steinmann, Elisa and Hähnel-Mesnard, Carola (eds.), Ostdeutsche Erinnerungsdiskurse nach 1989. Narrative kultureller Identität (Frank & Timme: Berlin): 27–58.Google Scholar
Alarcão, Adíla Moutinho de, Correia, Vergílio, Bairrão Oleiro, João M., and Nunes Pedroso, Rui. 1992. Conimbriga. Casa dos Repuxos (Instituto Português de Museus/Museu Monográfico de Conímbriga: Coimbra).Google Scholar
Albertini, Eugène. 1922. ‘Inscription chrétienne sur mosaïque provenant de Djémila’, Bulletin archéologique du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Fasc. B, Afrique du Nord: 26–32.Google Scholar
Albertini, Eugène. 1934. ‘L’archéologie chrétienne en Algérie’, in Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana (ed.), Atti del III Congresso internazionale di archeologia cristiana (Pontificio Istituto di archeologia cristiana: Rome): 411–428.Google Scholar
Albiol López, Esther 2013. ‘Una pintura de sostre de l’antiguitat tardana al baptisteri de Barcelona’, Quarhis – Quaderns d’arqueología i història de la ciutat de Barcelona, 9: 165–183.Google Scholar
Albrecht, Janico, Degelmann, Christopher, Gasparini, Valentino, Gordon, Richard, Patzelt, Maik, Petridou, Georgia, Raja, Rubina, Rieger, Anna-Katharina, Rüpke, Jörg, Sippel, Benjamin, Urciuoli, Emiliano Rubens, and Weiss, Lara. 2018. ‘Religion in the Making: The Lived Ancient Religion Approach’, Religion, 48.4: 568–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alföldi-Rosenbaum, Elisabeth, and Ward-Perkins, John Bryan. 1980. Justinianic Mosaic Pavements in Cyrenaican Churches (L’Erma di Bretschneider: Rome).Google Scholar
Allais, Yvonne. 1967. ‘Une basilique cimétériale à Djemila (Cuicul)’, Bulletin d’Archéologie Algérienne, 1: 189–205.Google Scholar
Allen, Pauline. 2018. ‘Impact, Influence, and Identity in Latin Preaching. The Cases of Maximus of Turin and Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna’, in Dupont, Anthony, Boodts, Shari, Partoens, Gert, and Leemans, Johan (eds.), Preaching in the Patristic Era. Sermons, Preachers and Audiences in the Latin West (Brill: Leiden): 135–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Álvarez Martínez, José María. 1990. Mosaicos romanos de Mérida: nuevos hallazgos (Ministerio de Cultura. Dirección General de Bellas Artes y Archivos: Madrid).Google Scholar
Amory, Patrick. 1997. People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489–554 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angenendt, Arnold. 2009. ‘Kirche als Träger der Kontinuität’, in Kölzer, Theo and Schieffer, Rudolf (eds.), Von der Spätantike zum frühen Mittelalter: Kontinuitäten und Brüche, Konzeptionen und Befunde (Thorbecke: Ostfildern): 101–141.Google Scholar
Antonellini, Caterina. 2012. ‘Restauri ottocenteschi ai mosaici di Ravenna: gli interventi di Felice Kibel alla cupola del Battistero Neoniano’, Ravenna, studi e ricerche, 17.1: 175–195.Google Scholar
Apostolos-Cappadona, Diane. 2011. ‘I Understand the Mystery, and I Recognize the Sacrament: On the Iconology of Ablution, Baptism and Initiation’, in Hellholm, David, Hellholm, Christer, Norderval, Øyvind, and Vegge, Tor (eds.), Ablution, Initiation, and Baptism. Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity (Walter de Gruyter: Berlin): 1721–1741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. 1986. ‘Commodities and the Politics of Value’, in Appadurai, Arjun (ed.), The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge): 3–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appiah, Kwame Anthony. 2018. The Lies that Bind. Rethinking Identity (Liveright: New York).Google Scholar
Arbeiter, Achim, and Korol, Dieter. 2016. Der Kuppelbau von Centcelles: Neue Forschungen zu einem enigmatischen Denkmal von Weltrang (Philipp von Zabern: Mainz).Google Scholar
Arbi Nsiri, Mohammed. 2015. ‘La survivance du Donatisme après la conférence de Carthage de 411’, in Ruggeri, Paola (ed.), L’Africa romana: Momenti di continuità e rottura (Carocci: Rome): 1195–1204.Google Scholar
Arce, Javier. 2002. Centcelles: el monumento tardorromano: iconografía y arquitectura (L’Erma di Bretschneider: Rome).Google Scholar
Arce, Javier. 2005. ‘Spain and the African Provinces in Late Antiquity’, in Bowes, Kimberly Diane and Kulikowski, Michael (eds.), Hispania in Late Antiquity: Current Perspectives (Brill: Leiden, Boston, MA): 341–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arce, Javier. 2011a. Esperando a los árabes: los visigodos en Hispania (507–711) (Marcial Pons Historia: Madrid).Google Scholar
Arce, Javier. 2011b. ‘Fana, templa, delubra destrui praecipimus: The End of the Temples in Roman Spain’, in Lavan, Luke and Mulryan, Michael (eds.), The Archaeology of Late Antique Paganism (Brill: Leiden, Boston, MA): 195–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arce, Javier. 2018. ‘Goths and Romans in Visigothic Hispania’, in Pohl, Walter, Gantner, Clemens, Grifoni, Cinzia, and Pollheimer-Mohaupt, Marianne (eds.), Transformations of Romanness. Early Medieval Regions and Identities (De Gruyter: New York, Berlin): 371–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ardeleanu, Stefan. 2018. ‘Directing the Faithful, Structuring the Sacred Space: Funerary Epigraphy in the Archaeological Context in Late-Antique Tipasa’, Journal of Roman Archaeology, 31: 475–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, Jonathan J. 2018. Theoderic and the Roman Imperial Restoration (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Assmann, Jan. 1992. Das kulturelle Gedächtnis. Schrift, Erinnerung und politische Identität in frühen Hochkulturen (C.H.Beck: Munich).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azuara Galve, Sara, and Ros, Carolina Villagordo. 2007. La villa romana de La Loma del Regadío (Urrea de Gaén) (Prames: Zaragoza).Google Scholar
Bady, Guillaume, and Foschia, Laurence. 2014. ‘Chrétiens, rabbins, païens dans le même bain? Les bains dans l’Orient romain (IVe-VIIe s.) ou comment s’en accommoder’, in Boussac, Marie-Françoise, Denoix, Sylvie, Fournet, Thibaud, Redon, Bérangère, Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire and Institut français du Proche-Orient (eds.), 25 siècles de bain collectif en Orient: Proche-Orient, Égypte et péninsule Arabique: balaneia = thermae = hammāmāt: actes du 3e colloque international Balnéorient (Institut français d’archéologie orientale: Cairo): 985–1000.Google Scholar
Balil, Alberto. 1960a. ‘El mosaico romano de la Iglesia de San Miguel’, Cuadernos de Arqueología e Historia de la Ciudad, 1: 21–74.Google Scholar
Balil, Alberto. 1960b. ‘Mosaico de Bellerofonte y la Quimera, de Torre de Bell-Lloch (Gerona)’, Archivo Español de Arqueología, 33: 98–112.Google Scholar
Balil, Alberto. 1975. ‘Sobre los mosaicos Romanos de Galicia: identificación de un taller musivario’, in Stern, Henri and Le Glay, Marcel (eds.), La mosaïque gréco-romaine II: actes du IIe Colloque international pour l’étude de la mosaïque antique, Vienne, 30 août-4 septembre 1971 (A.&J. Picard: Paris): 259–263.Google Scholar
Ballu, Albert. 1921. ‘Les ruines de Djemila (antique Cuicul)’, Revue Africaine, 62: 204–274.Google Scholar
Ballu, Albert. 1923. Rapport sur les travaux de fouilles et de consolidations effectués en 1922 aux monuments historiques de l’Algérie (Jules Carbonel: Algiers).Google Scholar
Balty, Janine. 2003. ‘La place des mosaïques de Jordanie au sein de la production orientale’, in Duval, Noël and Balty, Jean-Charles (eds.), Les églises de Jordanie et leurs mosaïques: actes de la journée d’études sur les églises de Jordanie et leurs mosaïques organisée à la occasion de l’inauguration de l’exposition “Mosaïques Byzantine de Jordanie” au musée de la Civilisation gallo-romaine à Lyon en avril 1989 (Institut français d’archéologie du Proche-Orient: Beirut): 153–188.Google Scholar
Baratte, François. 2018. ‘Les villes du nord de l’Afrique entre Antiquité tardive et conquête arabe. Historiographie récente et nouvelles perspectives’, in Panzram, Sabine and Callegarin, Laurent (eds.), Entre civitas y Madina: el mundo de las ciudades en la Península Ibérica y en el norte de África, siglos IV-IX (Casa de Velázquez: Madrid): 191–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baratte, François, and Bejaoui, Fathi. 2001. ‘Églises urbaines, églises rurales dans la Tunisie paléochrétienne: nouvelles récherches d’architecture et d’urbanisme’, Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 145.4: 1447–1498.Google Scholar
Baratte, François, Bejaoui, Fathi, Duval, Noël, Berraho, Sarah, Gui, Isabelle, and Jacquest, Hélène. 2014. Basiliques chrétiennes d’Afrique du Nord. II. Inventaire des monuments de la Tunisie (Ausonius: Bordeaux).Google Scholar
Barber, Sam. 2018. ‘Defining Difference or Connecting Spaces? Similarity and Meaning in the Arian Baptistery, Ravenna’, in Boulton, Meg, Hawkes, Jane and Stoner, Heidi (eds.), Place and Space in the Medieval World (Routledge: London): 149–158.Google Scholar
Barney, Stephen Allen, Lewis, W. J., Beach, J. A., and Berghof, Oliver (eds.). 2006. The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnish, Sam J., and Federico, Marazzi (eds.). 2007. The Ostrogoths. From the Migration Period to the Sixth Century (Boydell Press: Woodbridge).Google Scholar
Barral i Altet, Xavier. 1978. Les mosaïques romaines et médiévales de la Regio Laietana (Universidad de Barcelona. Instituto de Arqueología y Prehistoria: Barcelona).Google Scholar
Barth, Fredrik. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference (Universitetsforlaget: Oslo).Google Scholar
Beeson, Anthony, Nichol, Matt, and Appleton, Joy. 2019. The Boxford Mosaic: A Unique Survivor from the Roman Age (Countryside Books: Newbury).Google Scholar
Bejaoui, Fathi. 2001. ‘Deux mosaïques tardives de la région de Sbeïtla, l’antique Sufetula en Tunisie’, Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 45.1: 489–515.Google Scholar
Bejaoui, Fathi. 2016. ‘Quelques nouvelles découvertes d’époque chrétienne en Tunisie’, in Nicolai Fiocchi, Vincenzo, Castiglia, Gabriele and Brandt, Olof (eds.), Acta XVI congressus internationalis archaeologiae christianae (Romae 22-28.9.2013): Costantino e i Costantinidi: l’innovazione costantiniana, le sue radici e i suoi sviluppi (Pontifico Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Vatican City): 1679–1690.Google Scholar
Belayche, Nicole. 2007. ‘Des lieux pour le « profane » dans l’empire tardo-antique? Les fêtes entre koinônia sociale et espaces de rivalités religieuses’, Antiquité Tardive, 15: 36–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beltrán de Heredia Bercero, Julia. 2017. ‘Los nuevos hallazgos arqueológicos de la basílica dels sants màrtirs Just i Pastor y la dualidad de baptisterios en Barcelona’, in Beltrán de Heredia Bercero, Julia (ed.), La dualitat de baptisteris en les ciutats episcopals del cristanisme tardoantic. Actes del I simposi d’arqueologia cristiana (Ateneu Universitari Sant Pacià: Barcelona): 99–125.Google Scholar
Beltrán de Heredia Bercero, Julia, and Fernández, Cristina Godoy (eds.). 2017. La dualitat de baptisteris en les ciutats episcopals del cristianisme tardoantic: actes del I Simposi d’arqueologia cristiana, Barcelona, FHEAG-AUSP, 26–27 de maig de 2016 (Ateneu Universitari Sant Pacià: Barcelona).Google Scholar
Beltrán de Heredia, Julia, and Charles, Bonnet. 2007. ‘Nouvelles données sur le baptistère de Barcelona’, in Marcenaro, Mario (ed.), Albenga Città Episcopale. Tempi e dinamiche della cristianizzazione tra Liguria di Ponente e Provenza (Istituto Internazionale di Studi Liguri: Genoa): 717–820.Google Scholar
Ben Abed-Ben Khader, Aïcha, Ennaifer, Mongi, Spiro, Marie, and Alexander, Margaret A.. 1985. Thuburbo Majus. Les mosaïques de la région des grands thermes (Institut National d’Archéologie et d’Art: Tunis).Google Scholar
Ben Abed-Ben Khader, Aïcha, Fixot, Michel, and Roucole, Sylvestre. 2011. Sidi Jdidi II. Le groupe épiscopal (École française de Rome: Rome).Google Scholar
Benericetti, Ruggero. 1994. II Pontificale di Ravenna. Studio critico (Seminario Vescovile Pio XII: Faenza).Google Scholar
Benet-Martínez, Verónica, and Hong, Ying-yi. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Multicultural Identity (Oxford University Press: New York).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bierbaum, Lee Kirsten. 2014. Die Ausstattung des Lateranbaptisteriums unter Urban VIII. (Michael Imhof Verlag: Petersberg).Google Scholar
Bisconti, Fabrizio. 2000. Temi di Iconografia Paleocristiana (Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Vatican City).Google Scholar
Bisconti, Fabrizio. 2001. ‘L’iconografia dei battisteri paleocristiani in Italia’, in Pontificio Istituto di archeologia cristiana (ed.), L’edificio battesimale in Italia. Aspetti e problemi (atti dell’VIII congresso nazionale di archeologia cristiana: Genova, Sarzana, Albenga, Finale Ligure, Ventimiglia, 21-26 settembre 1998): 406–460.Google Scholar
Bitrakova-Grozdanova, Vera. 1975. Monuments paléochrétiens de la région d’Ohrid: Starohristijanski spomenici vo Ohridsko (Inst. pour la protection des monuments de la culture et Musée national d’Ohrid: Ohrid).Google Scholar
Bizzozero, Andrea. 2018. ‘Peter Chrysologus’, in Dupont, Anthony, Boodts, Shari, Partoens, Gert and Leemans, Johan (eds.), Preaching in the Patristic Era. Sermons, Preachers and Audiences in the Latin West (Brill: Leiden): 403–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanchard-Lemée, Michèle. 1975. Maisons à mosaïques du quartier central de Djemila, Cuicul (Ophrys: Paris).Google Scholar
Blanchard-Lemée, Michèle. 1996. ‘The Sea: Fish, Ships and Gods’, in Blanchard-Lemée, Michèle and Mermet, Gilles (eds.), Mosaics of Roman Africa: Floor Mosaics from Tunisia (British Museum Press: London): 121–145.Google Scholar
Blanco-Rotea, Rebeca, García, Rosa Benavides, Sánchez, Jorge Sanjurjo, and Mosquera, Daniel Fernández. 2009. ‘Evolución constructiva de Santa Eulalia de Bóveda (Lugo, Galicia)’, Arqueología de la Arquitectura, 6: 149–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blas de Roblès, Jean-Marie, and Sintès, Claude. 2003. Sites et monuments antiques de l’Algérie (Édisud: Aix-en-Provence).Google Scholar
Blázquez, José María. 1981. Mosaicos romanos de Córdoba, Jaén y Málaga (Instituto Español de Arqueología “Rodrigo Caro”: Madrid).Google Scholar
Blázquez, José María. 2008. Arte y religión en el Mediterráneo antiguo (Cátedra: Madrid).Google Scholar
Blázquez, José María, and y Frías, Teógenes Ortego. 1983. Mosaicos romanos de Soria (Instituto Español de Arqueología “Rodrigo Caro” del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: Madrid).Google Scholar
Blázquez Martínez, José María 1994. ‘Mosaicos hispanos de tema homérico’, in Batalla, César María (ed.), VI Coloquio Internacional sobre Mosaico Antiguo (Palencia – Mérida 1990, Guadalajara 1994) (Asociación Española del Mosaico: Palencia): 279–292.Google Scholar
Bockmann, Ralf. 2013. Capital Continuous: A Study of Vandal Carthage and Central North Africa from an Archaeological Perspective (Reichert: Wiesbaden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bockmann, Ralf. 2014. ‘The Non-Archaeology of Arianism – What Comparing Cases in Carthage, Haidra and Ravenna can tell us about “Arian” Churches’, in Michael Berndt, Guido and Steinacher, Roland (eds.), Arianism: Roman Heresy and Barbarian Creed (Ashgate: Farnham): 201–218.Google Scholar
Bodel, John Putnam, and Olyan, Saul Mitchell. 2008. Household and Family Religion in Antiquity (Blackwell: Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouras, Laskarina. 1982. ‘Byzantine Lighting Devices’, Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, 32.3: 479–491.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1991. ‘Identity and Representation: Elements for a Critical Reflection on the Idea of Region’, in Thompson, John Bookshire (ed.), Language and Symbolic Power (Polity: Cambridge): 220–228.Google Scholar
Bourdy, Franck. 1990. ‘Les chevaux des courses de chars à Rome’, in Fuentes, Véronique, Kramérovskis, Véronique and Landes, Christian (eds.), Le Cirque et les courses de chars. Rome-Byzance: catalogue de l’exposition (Editions Imago, Musée archéologique Henri Prades: Lattes): 147–148.Google Scholar
Bovini, Giuseppe. 1957. ‘Nota sulla successione delle antiche fasi di lavoro nella decorazione musiva del Battistero degli Ariani’, Felix Ravenna, 75: 5–24.Google Scholar
Bovini, Giuseppe. 1966. ‘Principali restauri compiuti nel secolo scorso da Felice Kibel nei mosaici di S. Apollinare Nuovo di Ravenna’, Corso di Cultura sull’arte ravennate e bizantina, 13: 83.Google Scholar
Bovini, Giuseppe. 1969. Edifici di culto di Ravenna d’età preteodoriciana (Pàtron: Bologna).Google Scholar
Bovini, Giuseppe, Deichmann, Friedrich Wilhelm, Brandenburg, Hugo, Ulbert, Thilo, and Dresken-Weiland, Jutta. 1967–2003. Repertorium der christlich-antiken Sarkophage (F. Steiner: Wiesbaden).Google Scholar
Bowersock, Glenn Warren. 1990. Hellenism in Late Antiquity: Thomas Spencer Jerome Lectures (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowersock, Glenn Warren. 2006. Mosaics as History: The Near East from Late Antiquity to Islam (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowes, Kim. 2005. ‘“Une coterie espagnole pieuse”: Christian Archaeology and Christian Communities in Fourth- and Fifth-Century Hispania’, in Bowes, Kim and Kulikowski, Michael (eds.), Hispania in Late Antiquity: Current Perspectives (Brill: Leiden, Boston, MA): 189–258CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowes, Kim. 2008. Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Bradshaw, Paul Frederick. 2002. The Search for the Origins of Christian Worship: Sources and Methods for the Study of Early Liturgy (Oxford University Press: London, New York).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, Paul Frederick. 2006. ‘The Profession of Faith in Early Christian Baptism’, Evangelical Quarterly, 78: 101–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, Paul Frederick, Johnson, Maxwell E., Edward Phillips, L., and Attridge, Harold William. 2002. The Apostolic Tradition: A Commentary (Fortress Press: Minneapolis).Google Scholar
Brandenburg, Hugo. 1968. ‘Bellerophon christianus? Zur Deutung des Mosaiks von Hinton St. Mary und zum Problem der Mythendarstellungen in der kaiserzeitlichen dekorativen Kunst’, Römische Quartalschrift, 63.1/2: 49–86.Google Scholar
Brandenburg, Hugo. 1983. ‘Die Darstellungen maritimen Lebens’, in Beck, Herbert and Cornelis Bol, Peter (eds.), Spätantike und frühes Christentum. Ausstellung im Liebighaus 16. Dezember 1983-11. März 1984 (Liebighaus: Frankfurt a.M.): 249–259.Google Scholar
Brandenburg, Hugo. 1995. ‘Altar und Grab, zu einem Problem des Märtyrerkultes im 4. und 5. Jahrhundert’, in Lamberigts, Mathijs and van Deun, Peter (eds.), Martyrium in Multidisciplinary Perspective: Memorial Louis Reekmans (Leuven University Press: Leuven).Google Scholar
Brandt, Olof. 2006a. ‘Deer, Lambs and Water in the Lateran Baptistery’, Rivista di archeologia cristiana, 81: 131–156.Google Scholar
Brandt, Olof. 2006b. ‘The Lateran Baptistery and the Diffusion of Octagonal Baptisteries from Rome to Constantinople’, in Acta Congressus Internationalis XIV Archaeologiae Christianae Vindobonae 19-26 settembre 1999 (Vatican City): 221–227.Google Scholar
Brandt, Olof. 2012. Battisteri oltre la pianta: gli alzati di nove battisteri paleocristiani in Italia (Pontificio Istituto di archeologia cristiana: Vatican City).Google Scholar
Brandt, Olof. 2016. ‘Constantinian Baptisteries’, in Brandt, Olof and Castiglia, Gabriele (eds.), Acta XVI Congressus Internationalis archaeologiae christianae (Ponteficio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Vatican City).Google Scholar
Horst, Bredekamp, and Trinks, Stefan (eds.). 2017. Transformatio et Continuatio. Forms of Change and Constancy of Antiquity in the Iberian Peninsula 500-1500 (De Gruyter: New York).Google Scholar
Brent, Allen. 1995. Hippolytus and the Roman Church in the Third Century: Communities in Tension before the Emergence of a Monarch-Bishop (Brill: Leiden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breschi, Maria Grazia. 1965. ‘La Cattedrale e il Battistero degli Ariani a Ravenna’, Collana di quaderni di antichità ravennati, cristiane e bizantine, 6.Google Scholar
Brons, Martin. 2017. Augustins Trinitätslehre praktisch: Katechese, Liturgie, Predigt. Ritual und Unterweisung auf dem Weg zur Taufe (Mohr Siebeck: Tübingen).Google Scholar
Brown, Peter. 1997. ‘Christianization and Religious Conflict’, in Cameron, Averil and Garnsey, Peter (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 13: The Late Empire, AD 337–425 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge): 632–664.Google Scholar
Brown, Thomas S. 2007. ‘The Role of Arianism in Ostrogothic Italy: The Evidence from Ravenna’, in Marazzi, Federico and Barnish, Sam J. (eds.), The Ostrogoths from the Migration Period to the Sixth Century: An Ethnographic Perspective (Boydell Press: Woodbridge): 417–441.Google Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers. 2004. Ethnicity Without Groups (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers and Cooper, Frederick. (2000). ‘Beyond “Identity”’, Theory and Society, 29.1: 1–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruderer Eichberg, Barbara. 2003. ‘Die Erneuerung des Lateranbaptisteriums durch Sixtus III. (432–440) als Sinnbild päpstlicher Tauftheologie und Taufpolitik. Die Apsismosaiken des Vestibüls und das Taufgedicht Sixtus’ III’, Marburger Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft, 30: 7–34.Google Scholar
Buchberger, Erica. 2017. Shifting Ethnic Identities in Spain and Gaul, 500–700: From Romans to Goths and Franks (Amsterdam University Press: Amsterdam).Google Scholar
Bühl, Gudrun. 1995. Constantinopolis und Roma. Stadtpersonifikationen der Spätantike (Akanthus: Kilchberg, Zurich).Google Scholar
Buhler, Frédéric M. 1975. Les baptistères en France. De l’époque paléochrétienne à la période romane: Inventaire déscriptif (Centre de Culture Chrétienne: Mulhouse).Google Scholar
Burke, Peter J. 2003a. Advances in Identity Theory and Research (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, Peter J. 2003b. ‘Relationships Among Multiple Identities’, in Burke, Peter J. (ed.), Advances in Identity Theory and Research (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York): 195–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, Peter J., and Stets, Jan E.. 2009. Identity Theory (Oxford University Press: New York, Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, James Patout Jr., and Jensen, Robin Margaret. 2014. Christianity in Roman Africa. The development of its practices and beliefs (Eerdmans: Grand Rapids, MI, Cambridge).Google Scholar
Busine, Aude. 2015. Religious Practices and Christianization of the Late Antique City (4th–7th Cent.) (Brill: Leiden, Boston).Google Scholar
Caballero Zoreda, Luis, and Juan Carlos Sánchez, Santos. 1990. ‘Reutilización de material romano en edificios de culto cristiano’, Antigüedad y cristianismo, 7: 431–485.Google Scholar
Cagnat, René. 1922. ‘Séance, Janvier 17’, Bulletin archéologique du comité des traveaux historiques et scientifiques: XXVI–XXXII.Google Scholar
Cahn, Herbert Adolf. 1994. ‘Okeanos’, in Gialurēs, Nikolaos (ed.), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Artemis: Zurich, Munich): 30–33.Google Scholar
Cameron, Alan. 2004. Greek Mythography in the Roman World (Oxford University Press: New York, Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, Averil. 1993. The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600 (Routledge: London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, Averil,1996b. ‘Byzantine Africa: The Literary Evidence’, in Cameron, Averil (ed.), Changing Cultures in Early Byzantium (Variorum: Aldershot): 1–51.Google Scholar
Carr, Karen Eva. 1999. ‘A Changing World – African Red Slip in Roman and Visigothic Baetica’, in Ferreiro, Alberto (ed.), The Visigoths: Studies in Culture and Society (Brill: Leiden): 219–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cast, Alicia D., and Burke, Peter J.. 2002. ‘A Theory of Self Esteem’, Social Forces, 80: 1041–1068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castelfranchi, Marina Falla. 1995. ‘Battisteri e pellerinaggi’, in Dassmann, Ernst and Engemann, Josef (eds.), Akten des XII. Internationalen Kongresses für Christliche Archäologie (Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung: Münster): 234–248.Google Scholar
Cavalieri, Marco. 2002. ‘La maschera di Oceano: valore e simbologia di un’iconografia romana’, Aurea Parma, 1: 49–72.Google Scholar
Cayrel, Pierre. 1934. ‘Une basilique donatiste de Numidie’, Mélanges d’archéologie et d’histoire, 51: 114–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamoso, Martín 2007. ‘Villa Romana de Sahelices el Chico (Salamanca). El Mosaico de Belerofonte y la Quimera’, Revista de Arqueología 312: 24–33.Google Scholar
Chastagnol, André, and Duval, Noël. 1974. ‘La survivance du culte impérial dans l’Afrique du Nord à l’époque vandale’, in Seston, William (ed.), Mélanges d’histoire ancienne offerts à William Seston (E. de Boccard: Paris): 87–118.Google Scholar
Chavarría Arnau, Alexandra. 2004. ‘Interpreting the Transformation of Late Roman Villas: The Case of Hispania’, in Christie, Neil (ed.), Landscapes of Change: Rural Evolutions in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Ashgate: Aldershot): 67–102.Google Scholar
Chick, Jane. 2014. ‘The Large Pavement at Qasr el-Lebia in Cyrenaica: Episodes, Narratives and Transformations (diss.)’, University of East Anglia, Norwich (unpubl.).Google Scholar
Christern, Jürgen. 1976. Das frühchristliche Pilgerheiligtum von Tebessa (Franz Steiner: Wiesbaden).Google Scholar
Ciampini, Giovanni Giustino. 1699. Vetera Monimenta; in Quibus Præcipuè Musiva Opera Sacrarum, Profanarumque Ædium Structura, Ac Nonnulli Antiqui Ritus, Dissertationibus, Iconibusque Illustrantur. Vol. 2. (Rome).Google Scholar
Cintas, Jean, and Feuille, George Louis. 1952. ‘Église et baptistère de Thibiuca’, Karthago, 3.4: 195–205.Google Scholar
Clarke, John R. 2003. Art in the Lives of Ordinary Romans: Visual Representation and Non-Elite Viewers in Italy, 100 B.C.-A.D. 315 (University of California Press: Berkeley, London).Google Scholar
Coleman, Kathleen Mary. 1990. ‘Fatal Charades: Roman Executions Staged as Mythological Enactments’, Journal of Roman Studies, 80: 44–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, Simon, and Collins, Peter. 2004. Religion, Identity and Change: Perspectives on Global Transformations (Ashgate: Aldershot).Google Scholar
Conant, Jonathan. 2015. Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the Mediterranean (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Conant, Jonathan. 2016. ‘Donatism in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries’, in Miles, Richard (ed.), The Donatist Schism. Controversy and Contexts (Liverpool University Press: Liverpool): 345–386.Google Scholar
Cosh, Stephen Robert, and Neal, David S.. 2002. ‘Croughton. Mosaic 86.1’, Roman Mosaics of Britain, 1: 234–236.Google Scholar
Courtois, Christian. 1955a. Les Vandales et l’Afrique (Arts et métiers graphiques: Paris).Google Scholar
Courtois, Christian. 1955b. ‘Sur un baptistère découvert dans la région de Kélibia (Cap Bon)’, Karthago, 6: 98–123.Google Scholar
Croci, Chiara. 2019. Tessere per un nuovo inizio. Il battistero paleocristiano di Napoli e i suoi mosaici (Arte’m: Naples).Google Scholar
Cruz Villalón, María. 1985. Mérida Visigoda. La escultura arquitectónica y litúrgica (Colección Roso de Luna: Badajoz).Google Scholar
Cummins, Sheila. 1994. ‘The Arian Baptistery of Ravenna (diss.)’, Indiana University, Bloomington (unpubl.).Google Scholar
Dally, Ortwin. 2003. ‘“Pflege” und Umnutzung der spätrömischen Stadt im östlichen Mittelmeerraum’, in Brands, Gunnar and Severin, Hans-Georg (eds.), Die spätantike Stadt und ihre Christianisierung (Reichert: Wiesbaden).Google Scholar
Danthine, Hélène. 1937. Le palmier-dattier et les arbres sacrés dans l’iconographie de l’Asie occidentale ancienne (P. Geuthner: Paris).Google Scholar
Daugherty, Bradley John. 2015. ‘The Bishops of North Africa: Rethinking Practice and Belief in Late Antiquity (diss.)’, Vanderbuilt University, Nashville, TN (https://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/etd-11232015-215043).Google Scholar
Dawson, Mike, and Neal, David S.. 2010. ‘New Fragments and Further Excavation of the Bellerophon Mosaic from Croughton’, Britannia, 41: 313–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, Juliette. 2018. ‘Entering the Baptistery. Spatial, Identity and Salvific Transitions in Fourth- and Fifth-Century Baptismal Liturgies’, in van Opstall, Emilie M. (ed.), Sacred Thresholds: The Door to the Sanctuary in Late Antiquity (Brill: Leiden, Boston): 66–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Blauuw, Sible. 2020. ‘Architektur und Textilien in den spätantiken Kirchen Roms’, in de Blauuw, Sible, Enss, Elisabet and Linscheid, Petra (eds.), Contextus. Festschrift für Sabine Schrenk (Aschendorff: Münster): 144–163.Google Scholar
de Blauuw, Sible, and Dolezalová, Klára. 2019. ‘Constructing Liminal Space? Curtains in Late Antiquity and Early Medieval Churches’, in Foletti, Ivan and Dolezalová, Klára (eds.), The Notion of Liminality and the Medieval Sacred Space (Brepols: Turnhout): 46–66.Google Scholar
de Bruyne, Lucien. 1957. ‘La décoration des baptistères paleochrétiens’, in Congresso internazionale di archeologia cristiana (ed.), Actes du Ve Congrès International d’Archéologie Chrétienne (Pontificio Istituto di archeologia cristiana: Vatican City).Google Scholar
de Waal, Anton. 1896. ‘Taufe Christi auf vorkonstantinischen Gemälden der Katakomben’, Römische Quartalschrift, 10: 335–349.Google Scholar
Deichmann, Friedrich Wilhelm. 1969–1989. Ravenna: Hauptstadt des spätantiken Abendlandes (Franz Steiner: Wiesbaden).Google Scholar
Dennis, Nathan. 2020. ‘A Tale of Two Inscriptions: Tipasa, Djemila, and the Role of Textual Icons in the North African Cult of Saints’, Mosaic, 47: 20–32.Google Scholar
Dennis, Nathan. 2018. ‘Bodies in Motion: Visualizing Trinitarian Space in the Albenga Baptistery’, in Bogdanović, Jelena (ed.), Perceptions of the Body and Sacred Space in Late Antiquity and Byzantium (Routledge: London, New York): 124–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennis, Nathan. 2017. ‘Living Water, Living Presence: Animating Sacred Space in the Early Christian Baptistery’, in Lidov, Alexei (ed.), Holy Water in the Hierotopy and Iconography of the Christian World (Russian Academy of Arts: Moscow): 89–117.Google Scholar
Di Francesco, Carla, Tedeschi, Claudia, Ranaldi, Antonella, and Muscolino, Cetty. 2011. Il Battistero Neoniano: uno sguardo attraverso il restauro (Longo: Ravenna).Google Scholar
Dinkler-von Schubert, Erika. 1972. ‘Fluss 2 (ikonographisch)’, in Klauser, Theodor, Dölger, Franz Joseph, and Dassmann, Ernst (eds.), Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum (Hiersemann: Stuttgart): 73–100.Google Scholar
Domagalski, Bernhard. 1990. Der Hirsch in spätantiker Literatur und Kunst: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der frühchristlichen Zeugnisse (Aschendorff: Münster).Google Scholar
Dresken-Weiland, Jutta. 2016. Die frühchristlichen Mosaiken von Ravenna: Bild und Bedeutung (Schnell & Steiner: Regensburg).Google Scholar
Dresken-Weiland, Jutta. 2018. ‘Visual Art and Iconography’, in Dupont, Anthony, Boodts, Shari, Partoens, Gert and Leemans, Johan (eds.), Preaching in the Patristic Era. Sermons, Preachers and Audiences in the Latin West (Brill: Leiden): 59–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drewer, Lois. 1981. ‘Fisherman and Fish Pond: From the Sea of Sin to the Living Waters’, Art Bulletin, 63.4: 533–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droogan, Julian. 2013. Religion, Material Culture and Archaeology (Bloomsbury Academic: London, New York).Google Scholar
Dujarier, Michel. 1979. A History of The Catechumenate: The First Six Centuries (Sadlier: New York).Google Scholar
Dunbabin, Katherine. 1978. The Mosaics of Roman North Africa. Studies in Iconography and Patronage (Clarendon Press: Oxford).Google Scholar
Dunbabin, Katherine. 2012. ‘Expresiones de cultura en un mundo cristiano: scenas mitológicas en mosaicos del Mediterráneo oriental durante los siglos V y VI D.C’, in Neira, Luz (ed.), Civilización y barbarie: el mito como argumento en los mosaicos romanos (CVG: Madrid): 213–229.Google Scholar
Dunbabin, Katherine. 2014. ‘Mythology and Theatre in the Mosaics of the Graeco-Roman East’, in Birk, Stine, Kristensen, Troels Myrup and Poulsen, Birte (eds.), Using Images in Late Antiquity (Oxbow Books: Oxford): 227–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durán, Mercedes. 1993. Iconografía de los mosaicos romanos en la Hispania alto-imperial (Universitat Rovira i Virgili: Barcelona).Google Scholar
Durst, Michael, Amedick, Rita, and Enß, Elisabet. 2012. “Meer”, in Klauser, Theodor, Dölger, Franz Joseph, und Dassmann, Ernst (eds.), Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum (Hiersemann: Stuttgart): 505–610.Google Scholar
Duval, Noël. 1971. Les églises africaines à deux absides. Recherches archéologiques sur la liturgie chrétienne en Afrique du Nord. I: Les basiliques de Sbeitla à deux sanctuaires opposés (E. de Boccard: Paris).Google Scholar
Duval, Noël. 1972. ‘Études d’architecture chrétienne nord-africaine’, Mélanges de l’Ecole française de Rome. Antiquité, 84.2: 1071–1172.Google Scholar
Duval, Noël. 1974. ‘Le dossier de l’église d’El Mouassat (au sud-ouest de Sfax, Tunisie)’, Antiquités Africaines, 8: 157–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duval, Noël. 1980. ‘Les baptistères d’Acholla (Tunisie) et l’origine des baptistères polylobés en Afrique du Nord’, Études d’Archéologie Chrétienne Nord-Africaine. IX. Ant. Africains, 15: 329–342.Google Scholar
Duval, Noël. 1989. ‘L’évêque et la cathédrale en Afrique du Nord’, Actes du XIe Congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne: 345–399.Google Scholar
Duval, Noël. 1990. ‘Les prix du cirque dans l’antiquité tardive’, in Landes, Christian (ed.), Le cirque et les courses de char. Rome-Byzance (Edition Imago: Lattes).Google Scholar
Duval, Noël. 1992. ‘Recherches nouvelles sur les prix de concours représentés sur les mosaïques’, Bulletin archéologique du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Fasc. B, Afrique du Nord, 22: 177–209.Google Scholar
Duval, Noël. 2011. ‘Les prix de concours de l’Antiquité tardive: nouveautés, hypothèses et doutes’, Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France, année 2004–2005: 250–257.Google Scholar
Duval, Noël, and Février, Paul-Albert. 1991. ‘La basilique cimétériale de l’est à Djémila. Une église à crypte méconnue’, in Van Uytfanghe, Marc and Demeulenaere, Roland (eds.), Aevum inter utrumque: mélanges offerts à Gabriel Sanders (Abbatia S. Petri: Steenbrugis).Google Scholar
Duval, Noël, and Lazreg, Nejib Ben. 1995. ‘Le baptistère de Bekalta’, in Musées, Paris (ed.), Carthage. L’histoire, sa trace, son écho: catalogue de l’exposition à Paris (Musée du Petit Palais: Paris): 304–307.Google Scholar
Edwards, Mark. 2016. ‘The Donatism Schism and Theology’, in Miles, Richard (ed.), The Donatist Schism: Controversy and Contexts (Liverpool University Press: Liverpool): 101–119.Google Scholar
Elsner, Jaś. 2007. ‘Genders of Viewing. Visualizing Women in the Casket of Projecta’, in Elsner, Jaś (ed.), Roman Eyes: Visuality and Aubjectivity in Art and Text (Princeton University Press: Princeton, Oxford): 200–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elsner, Jaś. 2012. ‘Material Culture and Ritual: State of the Question,’ in Daix Wescoat, Bonna and Ousterhout, Robert G. (eds.), Architecture of the Sacred: Space, Ritual, and Experience from Classical Greece to Byzantium (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge): 1–26.Google Scholar
Elsner, Jaś, and Michael, Squire. 2018. ‘Homer and the Ekphrasists: Text and Picture in the Elder Philostratus’ “Scamander” (Imagines I.1)’, in Bintliff, John L. and Keith Rutter, N. (eds.), The Archaeology of Greece and Rome: Studies in Honour of Anthony Snodgrass (Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh): 57–99.Google Scholar
Engemann, Josef. 1989. ‘Die Huldigung der Apostel im Mosaik des ravennatischen Orthodoxenbaptisteriums’, in Cain, Hans-Ulrich, Gabelmann, Hanns, and Salzmann, Dieter, (eds.), Festschrift für Nikolaus Himmelmann (Philipp von Zabern: Mainz): 481–489.Google Scholar
Ennaifer, Mongi. 1983. ‘Le thème des chevaux vainqueurs à travers la série des mosaïques africaines’, Mélanges de l’Ecole française de Rome. Antiquité, 95.2: 817–858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ennaifer, Mongi. 1994. ‘La mosaïque aux chevaux d’El-Maharune (près de Thuburbo Minus, l’actuel Thébourba)’, Mélanges de l’Ecole française de Rome. Antiquité, 106: 303–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estácio da Veiga, Sebastião Philippes Martins. 1880. A tabula de bronze de Aljustrel: lida, deduzida e commentada em 1876; memoria presentada á la Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (Academia: Lisbon).Google Scholar
Ewald, Marie Liguori (ed.). 1964. The Homilies of Saint Jerome (Catholic University of America Press: Washington, DC).Google Scholar
Ewert, Christian. 1973. ‘Die Moschee von Mértola (Portugal)’, Madrider Mitteilungen, 14: 217–246.Google Scholar
Fabbi, Fulvia. 2011. ‘Tipologie battisteriali nel litorale adriatico: il battistero degli ariani e il battistero degli ortodossi di Ravenna, tra premesse simboliche, archetipi architettonici e geometria’, in Tagliaferri, Maurizio (ed.), Architetture del sacro nel bacino adriatico. Figure, forme e liturgie (Edizioni Dehoniane: Bologna): 165–198.Google Scholar
Faus, Rainer, and Storks, Simon. 2019. Im vereinten Deutschland geboren – in den Einstellungen gespalten? OBS-Studie zur ersten Nachwendegeneration (Otto Brenner Stiftung: Frankfurt a.M.).Google Scholar
Fausone, Alfonso. 1982. Die Taufe in der frühchristlichen Sepulkralkunst (Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Vatican City).Google Scholar
Fendri, Mohamed. 1965. ‘Évolution chronologique et stylistique d’un ensemble de mosaïques dans une station thermale à Djebel Oust (Tunisie)’, in La Mosaïque Gréco-Romaine (Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique: Paris): 157–173.Google Scholar
Fentress, Elizabeth. 1988. ‘Sétif, les thermes du Ve siècle’, in Mastino, Attilio (ed.), L’Africa Romana. Atti del VI Convegno di studio (Edizioni Gallizzi: Sassari): 321–337.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Everett. 2009. Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries (Eerdmans: Grand Rapids, MI).Google Scholar
Fernandez Alonso, Justo. 1955. La cura pastoral en la España romanovisigoda (Iglesia Nacional Española: Rome).Google Scholar
Ferrari, Anna. 2011. ‘La rilettura cristiana dei miti pagani’, Antiquité Tardive, 19.1: 209–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alberto, Ferreiro (ed.). 1999. The Visigoths: Studies in Culture and Society (Brill: Leiden, Boston).Google Scholar
Ferri, Giovanna. 2013. I mosaici del battistero di San Giovanni in Fonte a Napoli (Tau Editrice: Todi).Google Scholar
Feuille, George Louis. 1949. ‘Une mosaïque chrétienne de l’Henchir Messaouda’, Cahiers archéologiques, 4: 9–16.Google Scholar
Février, Paul-Albert. 1957. ‘Les baptistères de Provence pendant le moyen âge’, Actes du Ve congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne, 5: 423–432.Google Scholar
Février, Paul-Albert. 1965. Fouilles de Sétif. Les basiliques chrétiennes du quartier Nord-Ouest (Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique: Paris).Google Scholar
Février, Paul-Albert. 1966. ‘Remarques sur les mosaïques de basse époque à Djemila (Algérie)’, Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France, année 1965: 85–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Février, Paul-Albert. 1967. ‘Inscriptions chrétiennes de Djémila (Cuicul)’, Bulletin d’Archéologie Algérienne, 1 (1962–1965): 207–226.Google Scholar
Février, Paul-Albert. 1984. ‘L’abeille et la seiche (à propos du baptistère de Kélibia)’, Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana, 60: 277–292.Google Scholar
Février, Paul-Albert. 1996. ‘Notes sur le développement urbain en Afrique du Nord. Les exemples comparés de Djemila et Sétif (1964)’, in Février, Paul-Albert (ed.), La Méditerranée de Paul-Albert Février (reprint) (École française de Rome: Rome): 651–697.Google Scholar
Février, Paul-Albert, Gaspary, Adolfo, and Guéry, Roger. 1970. Fouilles de Sétif: 1959-1966: quartier nord-ouest, rempart et cirque (République algérienne démocratique et populaire, Ministère de l’éducation nationale (antiquités): Algiers).Google Scholar
Firatli, Nezih. 1990. La sculpture byzantine figurée au Musée archéologique d’Istanbul (Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient: Paris).Google Scholar
Foletti, Ivan. 2009. ‘Saint Ambroise et le baptistère des orthodoxes de Ravenne. Autour du lavement des pieds dans la liturgie baptismale’, in Foletti, Ivan and Romano, Serena (eds.), Fons Vitae. Baptême, baptistères et rites d’initiation (IIe-VIe siècle) (Viella: Rome): 121–155.Google Scholar
Foletti, Ivan, and Romano, Serena (eds.). 2009. Fons Vitae: Baptême, Baptistères et Rites d’initiation (IIe-VIe siècle) (Viella: Rome).Google Scholar
Fowden, Garth. 1998. ‘Polytheist Religion and Philosophy’, in Cameron, Averil and Garnsey, Peter (eds.), The Late Empire, A.D. 337–425 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge): 538–560.Google Scholar
Fowler, Chris. 2010. ‘From Identity and Material Culture to Personhood and Materiality’, in Hicks, Dan and Beaudry, Mary Carolyn (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Material Culture Studies (Oxford University Press: Oxford): 352–385.Google Scholar
Frakes, Robert, and Digeser, Elizabeth DePalma (eds.). 2006. Religious Identity in Late Antiquity (Edgar Kent: Toronto).Google Scholar
Frankfurter, David. 1998. Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt (Brill: Leiden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frend, William Hugh Clifford. 1952. The Donatist Church: A Movement of Protest in Roman North Africa (Clarendon Press: Oxford).Google Scholar
Frend, William Hugh Clifford. 1997. ‘Altare Subnixus: A Cult of Relics in the Romano-British Church?’, The Journal of Theological Studies, 48.1: 125–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gandolfi, Daniela (ed.). 2001. L’edificio battesimale in Italia: Aspetti e problemi: atti dell’VIII Congresso Nazionale di Archeologia Cristiana, Genova, Sarzana, Albenga, Finale Ligure, Ventimiglia; 21-26 settembre 1998 (Ist. Internazionale di Studi Liguri: Bordighera).Google Scholar
Gantner, Clemens, Pohl, Walter, and Payne, Richard (eds.). 2012. Visions of Community in the Post-Roman World: The West, Byzantium and the Islamic World, 300–1100 (Ashgate: Farnham).Google Scholar
Garcia González, Teodoro. 1979. ‘La iglesia desde la conversión de Recaredo hasta la invasion árabe’, in Villoslada, Ricardo Garcia (ed.), Historia de la Iglesia en España (Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos: Madrid): 401–748.Google Scholar
García Moreno, Luis Agustín. 2001. ‘El Cristianismo y el final de los ludi en las Españas’, in García Moreno, Luis Agustín and Marqués, Sebastián Rascón (eds.), Hispánia en la Antigüedad Tardía: ocio y espectáculos, Actas del 2 Encuentro Hispania en la Antigüedad Tardía, Alcalá de Henares, 15 a 17 de octubre de 1997 (Universidad del Alcalá: Alcalá Henares): 7–17.Google Scholar
García y Bellido, Antonio. 1968. Nueve Studios sobre la Legio VII Gemina y su Campamento en León (Diputacion Provincal de León: León).Google Scholar
Gardini, Giovanni. 2017. ‘Battisteri ravennati: architettura, iconografia, liturgia’, in de Heredia Bercero, Julia Beltrán and Fernández, Cristina Godoy (eds.), La dualitat de baptisteris en les ciutats episcopals del cristianisme tardoantic (Ateneu Universitari Sant Pacià, Facultat Antoni Gaudí d’Història, Arqueologia i Arts Cristianes: Facultat de Teologia de Catalunya: Barcelona): 31–46.Google Scholar
Garipzanov, Ildar, Goodson, Caroline, and Maguire, Henry (eds.). 2017. Graphic Signs of Identity, Faith, and Power in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Brepols: Turnhout).Google Scholar
Garrucci, Raffaele. 1872–1881. Storia della arte cristiana nei primi otto secoli della chiesa (G. Guasti: Prato).Google Scholar
Gasparini, Valentino, Maik, Patzelt, Rubina, Raja, Anna-Katharina, Rieger, Jörg, Rüpke, and Emiliano, Urciuoli (eds.). 2020. Lived Religion in the Ancient Mediterranean World: Approaching Religious Transformations from Archaeology, History and Classics (De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauckler, Paul. 1910. Inventaire des mosaïques de la Gaule et de l’Afrique. Afrique Proconsulaire (Tunisie). Vol. 2. (Ernest Leroux: Paris).Google Scholar
Gauckler, Paul. 1914. Inventaire des mosaïques de la Gaule et de l’Afrique. Planches. Tunisie. Vol. 2 (Ernest Leroux: Paris).Google Scholar
Gaumer, Matthew Alan. 2016. Augustine’s Cyprian: Authority in Roman Africa (Brill: Leiden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geary, Patrick Joseph. 1999. ‘Barbarians and Ethnicity’, in Brown, Peter, Bowersock, Glen and Grabar, André (eds.), Late Antiquity. A Guide to the Postclassical World (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA): 106–129.Google Scholar
Gerber, Adolf. 1883. Naturpersonification in Poesie und Kunst der Alten (B. G. Teubner: Leipzig).Google Scholar
Gerola, Giuseppe. 1917. ‘La tecnica dei restauri ai mosaici di Ravenna’, Estratto dagli Atti e memorie della R. Deputazione di Storia Patria per la Romagna (Atti per la Romagna), 7: 101–194.Google Scholar
Gerola, Giuseppe. 1923. ‘Il restauro del Battistero Ariano di Ravenna’, in Glück, Heinrich (ed.), Studien zur Kunst des Ostens: Josef Strzygowski zum sechzigsten Geburtstage von seinen Freunden und Schülern (Avalun-Verlag: Vienna, Hellerau): 112–129.Google Scholar
Gessel, Wilhelm. 1981. ‘Monumentale Spuren des Christentums im Römischen Nordafrika’, Antike Welt, 12: 3–76.Google Scholar
Geyer, Angelika. 1993. ‘“Ne ruinis urbs deformetur…” Ästhetische Kriterien in der spätantiken Baugesetzgebung’, Boreas. Münsterische Beiträge zur Archäologie, 16: 63–77.Google Scholar
Ghalia, Taher. 1998. Hergla et les mosaïques de pavement des basiliques chrétiennes de Tunisie: plan, décor et liturgie (Institut national du patrimoine: Tunis).Google Scholar
Ghalia, Taher. 2002. ‘L’architecture religieuse en Tunisie aux Ve et VIe siècles’, Antiquité Tardive, 10: 213–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghalia, Taher. 2006. ‘Landscapes and Scenes from Daily Life in Pavement Mosaics from Ancient Tunisia’, in Ben Khader, Aïcha Ben Abed (ed.), Stories in Stone: Conserving Mosaics of Roman Africa: Masterpieces from the National Museums of Tunisia (J. Paul Getty Museum: Getty Conservation Institute, Institut National du Patrimoine: Los Angeles): 31–46.Google Scholar
Ghalia, Taher. 2009. ‘Mosaike aus der Vandalenzeit: Eine späte Blüte christlich-römischer Kunst’, in Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum (ed.), Das Königreich der Vandalen (Philipp von Zabern: Darmstadt): 273–284.Google Scholar
Ghalia, Taher. 2016. ‘Recherches sur le christianisme rural en Afrique Proconsulaire IVe – VIIe siècles’, Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France, année 2016: 303–333.Google Scholar
Gheller, Viola. 2017. ‘Identità’ e ‘arianesimo gotico’: genesi di un topos storiografico (Bononia University Press: Bologna).Google Scholar
Giet, Stanislas. 1949. Basile de Césarée, Homélies sur l’Hexaéméron (Éditions du Cerf: Paris).Google Scholar
Gillett, Andrew. 2002. On Barbarian Identity: Critical Approaches to Ethnicity in the Early Middle Ages (Brepols: Turnhout).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilson, Etienne (ed.). 1999. Philosophie et incarnation selon saint Augustin, suivi de Saint Augustin: Lettre XVIII, Sermon contre les païens, Dolbeau 26 (Ad Solem: Genoa).Google Scholar
Glover, Terrot Reaveley, and Rendall, Gerald Henry (eds.). 1931. Tertullian. Apology, De Spectaculis; Marcus Minucius Felix (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
Godoy Fernández, Cristina. 1986. ‘Reflexiones sobre la funcionalidad litúrgica de pequeñas pilas junto a piscinas mayores en los baptisterios cristianos hispánicos’, in Barroca, Mário and Real, Manuel Louis (eds.), Actas del I Congreso de Arqueología Medieval Española (Diputación General de Aragón, Departamento de Educación y Cultura: Zaragoza): 125–137.Google Scholar
Godoy Fernández, Cristina. 1989. ‘Baptistérios Hispánicos (Siglos IV-VIII). Arqueología y Liturgia’, in Duval, Noël and Pergola, Philippe (eds.), Actes du XIe Congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne (École française de Rome: Rome): 607–635.Google Scholar
Godoy Fernández, Cristina. 1995. Arqueología y liturgia. Iglesias hispánicas (siglos IV al VIII) (Universitat de Barcelona, Port de Tarragona: Barcelona).Google Scholar
Godoy Fernández, Cristina. 2004. ‘A los pies del templo. Espacios litúrgicos en contraposición al altar: una revisión’, in Martínez, José María Blásquez and Blanco, Antonino González (eds.), Sacralidad y Arqueología (Universidad de Murcia: Murcia): 473–498.Google Scholar
Gombrich, Ernst. 1971. ‘Personification’, in Bolgar, Robert Ralph (ed.), Classical Influences on European Culture A.D. 500–1500 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge): 247–258.Google Scholar
Gómez-Moreno, Manuel. 1925. Catálogo Monumental de España. Provincia de León (Ministerio de Instruccíon Pública y Bellas Artes: Madrid).Google Scholar
Goodman, Martin. 1994. Mission and Conversion: Proselytizing in the Religious History of the Roman Empire (Clarendon Press: Oxford).Google Scholar
Grabar, André. 1946. Martyrium. Récherches sur le culte des reliques et l’art chrétien antique. Architecture (Collège de France: Paris).Google Scholar
Grabar, André. 1959. ‘À propos d’une icône byzantine du XIVe siècle au musée de Sofia’, Cahiers Archéologique, 10: 289–304.Google Scholar
Grabar, André. 1961. Christian Iconography. A Study of Its Origins (Princeton University Press: Princeton).Google Scholar
Graen, Dennis. 2004. ‘“Sepultus in villa” – Bestattet in der Villa: Drei Zentralbauten in Portugal zeugen vom Grabprunk der Spätantike’, Antike Welt, 35.3: 65–74.Google Scholar
Graen, Dennis. 2005a. ‘Kaiserzeitliche Grabmonumente in der Lusitania zwischen Romanisierung und Afrikanisierung’, in Schörner, Günther (ed.), Romanisierung – Romanisation. Theoretische Modelle und praktische Fallbeispiele (Archaeopress: Oxford): 135–147.Google Scholar
Graen, Dennis. 2005b. ‘Os mosaicos do “santuário” de Milreu, Estói (Algarve), no contexto de uma nova interpretação’, O Arqueólogo Português, 4.23: 367–415.Google Scholar
Graen, Dennis. 2005c. ‘The So-Called Temples of Milreu, Sao Cucufate and Quinta de Marim – A Suggestion of a New Interpretation of Their Function, Based on Actual Excavations and Iconographic Studies’, Xelb. Actas do II Encontro do Arqueologia do Algarve, Silves 17.-19.10.2003, 5: 70–80.Google Scholar
Grahame, Mark. 1998. ‘Material Culture and Roman Identity: The Spatial Layout of Pompeian Houses and the Problem of Ethnicity’, in Laurence, Ray and Berry, Joanne (eds.), Cultural Identity in the Roman Empire (Routledge: London): 156–178.Google Scholar
Graves-Brown, Paul, Gamble, Clive, and Jones, Siân. 1996. Cultural Identity and Archaeology: The Construction of European Communities (Routledge: London).Google Scholar
Greatrex, Geoffrey. 2000. ‘Roman Identity in the Sixth Century’, in Mitchell, Stephen and Greatrex, Geoffrey (eds.), Ethnicity and Culture in Late Antiquity (Duckworth; Classical Press of Wales: London, Swansea): 267–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grégoire, Henri. 1938. ‘Les baptistères de Cuicul et de Doura’, Byzantion, 13: 589–593.Google Scholar
Griesbach, Jochen. 2009. ‘Grabbauten und Villen auf der iberischen Halbinsel’, in Boschung, Dietrich (ed.), Grabbauten des 2. und 3. Jahrhunderts in den gallischen und germanischen Provinzen. Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums Köln, 22. bis 23 Februar 2007 (Reichert: Wiesbaden).Google Scholar
Grig, Lucy. 2017. Popular Culture in the Ancient World (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Grossmann, Peter. 1986. Abu Mina: A Guide to the Ancient Pilgrimage Center (Fotiadis & Co. Press: Cairo).Google Scholar
Guardia, Milagros. 1992. Los Mosaicos de la antigüedad tardía en Hispania: Estudios de iconografía (PPU: Barcelona).Google Scholar
Gui, Isabelle, Duval, Noël, and Caillet, Jean-Pierre. 1992. Basiliques chrétiennes d’Afrique du Nord. Inventaire des Monuments de l’Algérie (Institut d’Études Augustiniennes: Paris).Google Scholar
Günther, Linda-Marie. 2015. ‘Pferd und Quadriga auf sikulopunischen Münzen: griechische oder punische Symbolik’, in Günther, Linda-Marie and Morstadt, Bärbel (eds.), Phönizische, griechische und römische Gottheiten im historischen Wandel (Brepols: Turnhout): 137–152.Google Scholar
Hachlili, Rachel. 2009. Ancient Mosaic Pavements. Themes, Issues, and Trends (Brill: Leiden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacker, Michael, Enders, Judith, Maiwald, Stephanie, Staemmler, Johannes, Lettrari, Adriana, Pietzcker, Hagen, Schulze, Mandy, and Schober, Henrik. 2012. Dritte Generation Ost. Wer wir sind, was wir wollen (Christoph Links Verlag: Berlin).Google Scholar
Halsall, Guy. 2007. Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanfmann, George Maxim Anossov. 1980. ‘The Continuity of Classical Art: Culture, Myth and Faith’, in Weitzmann, Kurt (ed.), Age of Spirituality: A Symposium (The Metropolitan Museum of Art: New York): 75–98.Google Scholar
Harmless, William. 2014. Augustine and the Catechumenate (Liturgical Press: Collegeville, MN).Google Scholar
Harrison, Carol, Humfress, Caroline, Sandwell, Isabella, and Clark, Gillian. 2014. Being Christian in Late Antiquity: A Festschrift for Gillian Clark (Oxford University Press: Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartmann, Volker. 2003. ‘Personifikation’, in Ueding, Gert (ed.), Historisches Wörterbuch der Rhetorik (Max Niemeyer Verlag: Tübingen): 810–813.Google Scholar
Hauschild, Theodor. 1964. ‘Der Kultbau neben dem römischen Ruinenkomplex bei Estoi in der Provincia Lusitania (diss.)’, Technische Universität Berlin (unpubl.).Google Scholar
Hauschild, Theodor. 1980. ‘Milreu/Estoi (Algarve): Untersuchungen neben der Taufpiscina und Sondagen in der Villa – Kampagnen 1971 und 1979’, Madrider Mitteilungen, 21: 189–219.Google Scholar
Hauschild, Theodor. 1984. ‘Die Mosaiken am Podium des Wasserheiligtums von Milreu, Estoi (Algarve)’, in Darmon, Jean-Pierre and Rebourg, Alain (eds.), La Mosaïque Gréco-Romaine IV (Supplément au Bulletin de l’A.I.E.M.A.: Paris): 285–291.Google Scholar
Hauschild, Theodor. 2002. ‘O “ninfeu” de Milreu’, in Museu Nacional de, Arqueologia (ed.), Religiões da Lusitânia. Loquuntur saxa (Museu Nacional de Arqueologia: Lisbon): 241-244.Google Scholar
Hauschild, Theodor. 2008. ‘A arquitectura a os mosaicos do “edifício de culto” ou “aula” da villa romana de Milreu’, Revista de História da Arte, 6: 17–31.Google Scholar
Hauschild, Theodor, and Felix, Teichner. 2002. Milreu. Ruins (IPPAR – Departamento de Estudos: Lisbon).Google Scholar
Heather, Peter John. 1999. The Visigoths from the Migration Period to the Seventh Century: An Ethnographic Perspective (Boydell: Woodbridge).Google Scholar
Heather, Peter John. 2007. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (Oxford University Press: New York; Oxford).Google Scholar
David, Hellholm, Vegge, Tor, Norderval, Øyvind, and Hellholm, Christer (eds.). 2011. Ablution, Initiation, and Baptism: Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity = Waschungen, Initiation und Taufe: Spätantike, frühes Judentum und frühes Christentum (De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston).Google Scholar
Hen, Yitzhak. 2007. Roman Barbarians: The Royal Court and Culture in the Early Medieval West (Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hen, Yitzhak. 2018. ‘Compelling and Intense: The Christian Transformation of Romanness’, in Pohl, Walter, Gantner, Clemens, Grifoni, Cinzia and Pollheimer-Mohaupt, Marianne (eds.), Transformations of Romanness. Early Medieval Regions and Identities (De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston): 41–57.Google Scholar
Henig, Martin. 2012. ‘From Romano-British Hero to Patron-Saint of England: The Transformations of Bellerophon and His Chimera’, in Giuseppina, Carlotta Cianferoni, Mario, Iozzo and Elisabetta, Setari (eds.), Myth, Allegory, Emblem: The Many Lives of the Chimaera of Arezzo: Proceedings of the International Colloquium, Malibu, the J. Getty Museum (December 4–5, 2009) (Aracne: Rome).Google Scholar
Herrin, Judith. 2021. Ravenna: Capital of Empire, Crucible of Europe (Princeton University Press: Princeton).Google Scholar
Heucke, Clemens. 1994. Circus und Hippodrom als politischer Raum (Olms-Weidmann: Hildesheim).Google Scholar
Hidri, Hava, Hidri, Sali, and Pillinger, Renate. 2011. Die frühchristliche Basilika in Arapaj/Durrës (Albanien) (Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Vienna).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hiller, Stefan. 1970. Bellerophon. Ein griechischer Mythos in der römischen Kunst (Wilhelm Fink: Munich).Google Scholar
Hingley, Richard. 2005. Globalizing Roman Culture: Unity, Diversity and Empire (Routledge: London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmeister, Philipp. 1948. Die heiligen Öle in der morgen- und abendländischen Kirche (Augustinus-Verlag: Würzburg).Google Scholar
Holfelder, Moritz. 2008. ‘Der Zweifler. Interview mit Lars Ramberg, Installationskünstler *1864 Oslo (Norwegen)’, in Holfelder, Moritz (ed.), Palast der Republik. Aufstieg und Fall eines symbolischen Gebäudes (Ch. Links Verlag: Berlin): 196–197.Google Scholar
Horden, Peregrine, and Purcell, Nicholas. 2000. The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History (Blackwell: Oxford).Google Scholar
Dick, Houtman, and Meyer, Birgit (eds.). 2012. Things. Religion and the Question of Materiality (Fordham University Press: New York).Google Scholar
Howes, David. 1996. ‘Cultural Appropriation and Resistance in the American Southwest. Decommodifying “Indianness”’, in Howes, David (ed.), Cross-Cultural Consumption: Global Markets, Local Realities (Routledge: London, New York): 138–160.Google Scholar
Humbert, Jean-Baptiste. 1999. ‘The Rivers of Paradise in the Byzantine Church Near Jabaliyah – Gaza’, in Piccirillo, Michele and Alliata, Eugenio (eds.), The Madaba Map Centenary (Franciscan Printing Press: Jerusalem).Google Scholar
Humphries, Mark, and Gwynn, David M.. 2010. ‘The Sacred and the Secular: The Presence or Absence of Christian Religious Thought in Secular Writing in the Late Antique West’, in Gwynn, David M., Bangert, Susanne and Lavan, Luke (eds.), Religious Diversity in Late Antiquity (Brill: Leiden, Boston): 493–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huskinson, Janet. 1974. ‘Some Pagan Mythological Figures and their Significance in Early Christian Art’, Papers of the British School at Rome, 42: 68–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iannucci, Anna Maria. 1984. ‘Una ricognizione al Battistero Neoniano’, in Campanati, Raffaella Farioli (ed.), 31. Corso di Cultura sull’Arte Ravennate e Bizantina (Del Girasole: Ravenna): 297–339.Google Scholar
Iannucci, Anna Maria. 1985. ‘Nuove ricerche al Battistero Neoniano’, in Campanati, Raffaella Farioli (ed.), 32. Corso di Cultura sull’Arte Ravennate e Bizantina. Seminario Internazionale di Studi su “Cipro e il Mediterraneo orientale” (Del Girasole: Ravenna): 79–107.Google Scholar
Iannucci, Anna Maria, Santopuoli, Nicola, and Seccia, Leonardo. 2001. ‘Il nuovo atlante dei mosaici del Battistero Neoniano: catalogazione fotografica e riflettografica’, in Farioli Campanati, Raffaella (ed.), 44. Corso di Cultura sull’Arte Ravennate e Bizantina. Seminario internazionale di studi sul tema: Le grandi isole del Mediterraneo orientale tra tarda antichità e medioevo; Ravenna, 19–21 settembre 1998 (Del Girasole: Ravenna): 333–359.Google Scholar
Ihm, Christa. 1960. Die Programme der christlichen Apsismalerei vom vierten Jahrhundert bis zur Mitte des achten Jahrhunderts (Franz Steiner: Wiesbaden).Google Scholar
Insoll, Timothy. 2011. ‘Christianity’, in Insoll, Timothy (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion (Oxford University Press: Oxford): 948–966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iturgaiz, Domingo. 1967. ‘Baptisterios paleocristianos de Hispania’, Analecta Sacra Tarraconensia, 40.2: 209–295.Google Scholar
Iturgaiz, Domingo. 1968. ‘Baptisterios paleocristianos de Hispania’, Analecta Sacra Tarraconensia, 41.2: 209–244.Google Scholar
Ivanovici, Vladimir. 2014. ‘“Luce renobatus”. Speculations on the Placement and Importance of Lights in Ravenna’s Neonian Baptistery’, in Daniela, Mondini and Vladimir, Ivanovici (eds.), Manipolare la luce in epoca premoderna (Mendrisio Academy Press: Mendrisio): 19–29.Google Scholar
Ivanovici, Vladimir. 2016. Manipulating Theophany. Light and Ritual in North Adriatic Architecture (ca. 400-ca. 800) (De Gruyter: Berlin).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobs, Ine. 2013. Aesthetic Maintenance of Civic Space. The ‘Classical’ City from the Fourth to the Seventh c. AD (Peeters: Leuven, Paris, Walpole MA).Google Scholar
Jacobs, Ine. 2015. ‘Holy Goals and Worldly Means. Urban Representation Elements in Church Complexes’, in Busine, Aude (ed.), Religious Practices and Christianization of the Late Antique City (4th–7th Cent.) (Brill: Leiden, Boston): 71–114.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Ine. 2020. ‘Old Statues, New Meanings. Literary, Epigraphic and Archaeological Evidence for Christian Reidentification of Statuary’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 113.3: 789–836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacoby, Adolf. 1902. Ein bisher unbeachteter apokrypher Bericht über die Taufe Jesu nebst Beiträgen zur Geschichte der Didaskalie der zwölf Apostel und Erläuterungen zu den Darstellungen der Taufe Jesu (Trübner: Strasbourg).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jäggi, Carola. 2013. Ravenna: Kunst und Kultur einer spätantiken Residenzstadt: die Bauten und Mosaiken des 5. und 6. Jahrhunderts (Schnell & Steiner: Regensburg).Google Scholar
Jäggi, Carola. 2016. ‘Ravenna in the Sixth Century: The Archaeology of Change’, in Herrin, Judith and Nelson, Jinty (eds.), Ravenna. Its Role in Earlier Medieval Change and Exchange (University of London Press: London): 87–110.Google Scholar
Jensen, Robin Margaret. 1993. ‘What Are Pagan River Gods Doing in Scenes of Jesus’ Baptism?’, Bible Review Washington, 9.1: 35–41.Google Scholar
Jensen, Robin Margaret. 2011a. ‘Baptismal Practices at North African Martyr’s Shrines’, in Hellholm, David, Vegge, Tor, Norderval, Øyvind and Hellholm, Christer (eds.), Ablution, Initiation, and Baptism: Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity = Waschungen, Initiation und Taufe: Spätantike, frühes Judentum und frühes Christentum (De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston).Google Scholar
Jensen, Robin Margaret. 2011b. Living Water: Images, Symbols, and Settings of Early Christian Baptism (Brill: Leiden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, Robin Margaret. 2012. Baptismal Imagery in Early Christianity: Ritual, Visual, and Theological Dimensions (Baker Academic: Grand Rapids, MI).Google Scholar
Jeremias, Joachim. 1958. Die Kindertaufe in den ersten vier Jahrhunderten (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: Göttingen).Google Scholar
Jiménez Sánchez, Juan Antonio. 2010. Los juegos paganos en la Roma cristiana (Fondazione Benetton studi ricerche, Viella: Treviso, Rome).Google Scholar
Jiménez Sánchez, Juan Antonio, and Carbonell, Jordina Sales. 2004. ‘Termas e Iglesias durante la antigüedad tardía: Reutilización arquitectónica o conflicto religioso? Algunos ejemplos hispanos’, in Martínez, José María Blásquez and Blanco, Antonino González (eds.), Sacralidad y Archeología (Universidad de Murcia: Murcia): 185–201.Google Scholar
Johnson, Mark Joseph. 1988. ‘Toward a History of Theoderic’s Building Program’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 42: 73–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Maxwell E. 1999. The Rites of Christian Initiation: Their Evolution and Interpretation (Liturgical Press: Collegeville, MN).Google Scholar
Jones, Lindsay. 2000. The Hermeneutics of Sacred Architecture: Experience, Interpretation, Comparison (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
Jones, Siân, and Graves-Brown, Paul. 1996. ‘Introduction. Archaeology and Cultural Identity in Europe’, in Graves-Brown, Paul, Gamble, Clive and Jones, Siân (eds.), Cultural Identity and Archaeology: The Construction of European Communities (Routledge: London): 1–24.Google Scholar
Joosen, Josephus C., and Waszink, Jan Hendrik. 1950. ‘Allegorese’, in Klauser, Theodor (ed.), Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum (Hiersemann: Stuttgart): 283–293.Google Scholar
Jorge, Ana Maria. 1999. ‘Church and Culture in Lusitania in the V-VIII Centuries: A Late Roman Province at the Crossroads’, in Ferreiro, Alberto (ed.), The Visigoths: Studies in Culture and Society (Brill: Leiden): 99–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Josselson, Ruthellen, and Harway, Michele. 2012. Navigating Multiple Identities: Race, Gender, Culture, Nationality, and Roles (Oxford University Press: Oxford, New York).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jullien, François. 2021. There Is No Such Thing as Cultural Identity (Polity: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Kahlos, Maijastina. 2007. Debate and Dialogue: Christian and Pagan Cultures c. 360-430 (Ashgate: Aldershot).Google Scholar
Kaldellis, Anthony. 2007. Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Kaldellis, Anthony. 2019. Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
Khatchatrian, Armen. 1962. Les baptistères paléochrétiens: plans, notices et bibliographie (Imprimerie nationale: Paris).Google Scholar
Khatchatrian, Armen. 1982. Origine et typologie des baptistères paléochrétiens (Centre de culture chrétienne: Mulhouse).Google Scholar
Klementa, Sylvia. 1993. Gelagerte Flussgötter des Späthellenismus und der römischen Kaiserzeit (Böhlau Verlag: Cologne).Google Scholar
Koerner, Joseph Leo. 2004. The Reformation of the Image (University of Chicago Press: Chicago).Google Scholar
Kostof, Spiro Konstantine. 1965. The Orthodox Baptistery of Ravenna (Yale University Press: New Haven).Google Scholar
Kötting, Bernhard. 1980. Peregrinatio Religiosa. Wallfahrten in der Antike und das Pilgerwesen in der alten Kirche (Th. Stenderhoff: Münster).Google Scholar
Kötzsche, Lieselotte. 1986a. ‘Der Basilikaleuchter in Leningrad’, in Feld, Otto and Peschlow, Urs (eds.), Studien zur spätantiken und byzantinischen Kunst. Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann gewidmet (Habelt: Bonn).Google Scholar
Kötzsche, Lieselotte. 1986b. ‘Hand II (ikonographisch)’, in Theodor, Klauser, Ernst, Dassmann, Carsten, Colpe, Albrecht, Dihle, Josef, Engemann, and Wolfgang, Speyer (eds.), Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum (Hiersemann: Stuttgart): 402–482.Google Scholar
Krautheimer, Richard. 1942. ‘Introduction to an “Iconography of Mediaeval Architecture”’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 5: 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kretschmar, Georg. 1970. Die Geschichte des Taufgottesdienstes in der Alten Kirche (Stauda: Kassel).Google Scholar
Kubiak, Daniel. 2011. ‘Ostdeutsche Identität im Wandel der Zeiten. 30 Jahre und noch kein Ende’, in Becker, Sören and Naumann, Matthias (eds.), Regionalentwicklung in Ostdeutschland. Dynamiken, Perspektiven und der Beitrag der Humangeographie (Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg).Google Scholar
Kubiak, Daniel. 2018. ‘Socialization, Downgrading and Othering: The Formation of Identity of Young “East Germans”’, in Stephan, Ehrig, Marcel, Thomas and David, Zell (eds.), The GDR Today. New Interdisciplinary Approaches to East German History, Memory and Culture (Peter Lang: Bern): 195–214.Google Scholar
Kurth, Julius. 1901. Die Mosaiken der christlichen Ära. I. Die Wandmosaiken von Ravenna (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Leipzig, Berlin).Google Scholar
Ladner, Gerhart Burian. 1992. Handbuch der frühchristlichen Symbolik: Gott, Kosmos, Mensch (Belser: Stuttgart).Google Scholar
Lafli, Ergün, and Bru, Hadrien. 2013. ‘Inscriptions gréco-romaines d’Anatolie II.’, Chronique d’Orient. Dialogues d’histoire ancienne, 39.2: 287–303.Google Scholar
Lancel, Serge (ed.). 1974. Gesta conlationis Carthaginiensis, anno 411: Accedit Sancti Augustini breviculus conlationis cum Donatistis (Brepols: Turnhout).Google Scholar
Lancha, Janine. 2003. ‘Mythologie classique et mosaïques tardives d’Hispanie (IVe s.)’, Antiquité Tardive, 11: 197–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lancha, Janine. 2004. ‘De nouvelles données sur les mosaïstes itinérants en Lusitanie’, in Gorges, Jean-Gérard, Cerrillo, Enrique and Basarrate, Trinidad Nogales (eds.), V Mesa Redonda Internacional sobre Lusitania Romana: Las comunicaciones (Ministerio de Cultura: Madrid): 409–426.Google Scholar
Lanciani, Filippo. 1871. Cenni intorno ai monumenti e alle cose piu’ notabili di Ravenna (Tip. Della Ditta G. Angeletti: Ravenna).Google Scholar
Lander, Shira. 2016. Ritual Sites and Religious Rivalries in Late Roman North Africa (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Laporte, Jean-Pierre, and Lavagne, Henri. 2006. ‘Sousse: la domus de Sorothus et ses mosaïques’, Comptes rendus des séances de l’Academie des inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 150.2: 1327–1392.Google Scholar
Lassus, Jean. 1965. ‘Les edifices du culte autour de la basilique’, in Congresso internazionale di archeologia cristiana (ed.), Atti del VI Congresso internazionale di archeologia cristiana (Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Vatican City): 581–610.Google Scholar
Lassus, Jean. 1970. ‘Les baptistères africains’, Corsi di cultura sull’arte ravennate e bizantina, 17: 235–252.Google Scholar
Laurence, Ray, and Berry, Joanne. 1998. Cultural Identity in the Roman Empire (Routledge: London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leader-Newby, Ruth E. 2004. Silver and Society in Late Antiquity: Functions and Meanings of Silver Plate in the Fourth to Seventh Centuries (Ashgate: Aldershot).Google Scholar
Leatherbury, Sean. 2020. Inscribing Faith in Late Antiquity: Between Reading and Seeing (Routledge: London).Google Scholar
Leclercq, Henri. 1907–1953. ‘Fleuves’, in Cabrol, Fernand and Leclercq, Henri (eds.), Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie (Letouzey et Ané: Paris): 1760–1761.Google Scholar
Leglay, Marcel. 1957. ‘Note sur quelques baptistères d’Algérie’, in Congresso internazionale di archeologia cristiana (ed.), Actes du Ve congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne (Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Vatican City): 401–406.Google Scholar
Lehmann, Tomas. 2010. ‘Die frühchristlichen Mosaiken im Dombereich von Aquileia’, in Giuseppe, Cuscito and Tomas, Lehmann (eds.), La Basilica di Aquileia: storia, archeologia ed arte = Der Dom von Aquileia: Geschichte, Archäologie und Kunst (Editreg: Trieste).Google Scholar
Lehnerdt, Max. 1884. ‘Flussgötter’, in Roscher, Wilhelm Heinrich (ed.), Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie (Teubner: Leipzig): 1487–1496.Google Scholar
Lenk, Stefanie. 2017. ‘Iberian Christians and the Classical Past – The Baptistery of Milreu/Estói (Algarve) at the End of Late Antiquity’, in Horst, Bredekamp and Stefan, Trinks (eds.), Transformatio et Continuatio. Forms of Change and Constancy of Antiquity in the Iberian Peninsula 500–1500 (De Gruyter: New York): 63–91.Google Scholar
Lenk, Stefanie. 2021. ‘Response to C. Uehlinger “Material Religion in Comparative Perspective: How Different is BCE from CE?”’, in Elsner, Jaś and Wood, Rachel (eds.), Imagining the Divine (British Museum Press: London): 170–175.Google Scholar
Leone, Anna. 2013. The End of the Pagan City. Religion, Economy, and Urbanism in Late Antique North Africa (Oxford University Press: Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leone, Anna. 2016. ‘Tracing the Donatist Presence in North Africa: An Archaeological Perspective’, in Miles, Richard (ed.), The Donatist Schism. Controversy and Contexts (Liverpool University Press: Liverpool): 317–344.Google Scholar
Lepelley, Claude. 1979–1981. Les cités de l’Afrique Romaine au Bas-Empire (Études Augustiniennes: Paris).Google Scholar
Lepelley, Claude. 1994. ‘Le musée des statues divines. La volonté de sauvegarder le patrimoine artistique païen à l’époque théodosienne’, Cahiers Archéologiques – Fin de l’Antiquité et Moyen Âge, 42: 5–15.Google Scholar
Lepelley, Claude. 1998. ‘L’aristocratie lettrée païenne: une menace aux yeux d’Augustin (à propos du sermon Dolbeau 26 – Mayence 62)’, in Madec, Goulven (ed.), Augustin prédicateur (Institut d’Études Augustiniennes: Paris): 397–413.Google Scholar
Lepelley, Claude. 2002. ‘Le lieu des valeurs communes. La cité terrain neutre entre païens et chrétiens dans l’Afrique romaine tardive’, in Inglebert, Hervé (ed.), Idéologies et valeurs civiques dans le Monde Romain (Picard: Paris): 271–285.Google Scholar
Lepelley, Claude. 2010. ‘Sacred and Secular. The Use of Secularised Latin Pagan Culture by Christians’, in Gwynn, David M. and Bangert, Susanne (eds.), Religious Diversity in Late Antiquity (Brill: Leiden, Boston, MA): 475–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lettrari, Adriana, Nestler, Christian, and Troi-Boeck, Nadja. 2016. Die Generation der Wendekinder. Elaboration eines Forschungsfeldes (Springer: Wiesbaden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebeschütz, Wolfgang. 1995. ‘Pagan Mythology in the Christian Empire’, International Journal of the Classical Tradition, 2.2: 193–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopes, Virgílio. 2003. Mértola na Antiguidade Tardia (Campo Arqueológico de Mértola: Mértola).Google Scholar
Lopes, Virgílio. 2005. ‘Les mosaïques de Mértola et le baptistère. Bilan des fouilles recentes’, in Morlier, Hélène (ed.), La mosaïque gréco-romaine. Actes du IXème Colloque international pour l’étude de la mosaïque antique et médiévale organisé à Rome, 5-10 novembre 2001 (École française de Rome: Rome): 489–501.Google Scholar
Lopes, Virgílio. 2011. ‘Os mosaicos do baptistério de Mértola’, in Comissao Executiva do X° Col AIEMA (ed.), O mosaico romano nos centros e nas periferias (Museu Monográfico de Conímbriga: Coimbra): 915–925.Google Scholar
Lopes, Virgílio. 2014. ‘Mértola e o seu território na antiguidade tardia (séculos IV-VIII) (diss.)’, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva (http://hdl.handle.net/10272/8053)Google Scholar
Lopes, Virgílio. 2015. ‘Mértola in Late Antiquity’, in Gómez-Martínez, Susana, Macias, Santiago and Lopes, Virgílio (eds.), O sudoeste peninsular entre Roma e o Islão = The Southwestern Iberian Peninsula between Rome and Islam (Campo arqueológico de Mértola: Mértola): 381–387.Google Scholar
Lopes, Virgílio. 2017a. ‘Mértola na antiguidade tardia. A topografia histórica’, in Morais Arnaud, José and Andrea, Martins (eds.), Arqueologia em Portugal (Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses: Lisbon): 1379–1390.Google Scholar
Lopes, Virgílio. 2017b. ‘Mértola na antiguidade tardia. O complexo religioso e os batistérios’, in Beltrán de Heredia Bercero, Julia and Godoy Fernández, Cristina (eds.), La dualitat de baptisteris en les ciutats episcopals del cristanisme tardoantic. Actes del i simposi d’arqueologia cristiana (Ateneu Universitari Sant Pacià: Barcelona): 127–145.Google Scholar
Lopes, Virgílio, and Gómez-Martínez, Susana. 2006. ‘Trabalhos arqueológicos de Estácio da Veiga em Mértola’, Xelb. Actas do IV Encontro do Arqueologia do Algarve, 7: 269–282.Google Scholar
Lopez, Donald Sewell Jr.. 1998. ‘Belief’, in Taylor, Mark C. (ed.), Critical Terms for Religious Studies (University of Chicago Press: Chicago, London): 21–35Google Scholar
López Monteagudo, Guadalupe. 1994. ‘Mosaicos hispanos de circo y anfiteatro’, in Batalla, César María (ed.), VI Coloquio Internacional sobre Mosaico Antiguo: Palencia-Mérida, octubre 1990 (Asociación Española del Mosaico: Valladolid): 343–358.Google Scholar
López Monteagudo, Guadalupe. 2011. ‘La iconografía del dios Oceanos en los mosaicos hispano-romanos’, in Museu Monográfico de Conímbriga (ed.), O mosaico romano nos centros e nas periferias: originalidades, influências e identidades: actas do X Coloquio Internacional da Associação Internacional para o Estudo do Mosaico Antigo (AIEMA) (Instituto dos Museus e da Conservação: Conímbriga): 287–302.Google Scholar
Lück, Stefanie. 2018. Taufanlagen Hispaniens: 4. bis 10. Jahrhundert (Cuvillier: Göttingen).Google Scholar
Lugaresi, Leonardo. 2007. ‘Regio Aliena. L’attegiamento della chiesa verso i luoghi di spettacolo nella città tardoantica’, Antiquité Tardive, 15: 21–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lux, Ute. 1968. ‘Die Apostel-Kirche in Madeba’, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, 84: 104–129.Google Scholar
Lyster Franco, Mário. 1942. As ruínas romanas do Milreu: e os últimos trabalhos nelas realizados por intermédio da Dirrecção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (Boletim da Junta de Província do Algarve: Faro) (no pagination).Google Scholar
Mac Mullen, Ramsay. 1986. ‘What Difference Did Christianity Make?’, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 35.3: 322–343.Google Scholar
Mac Mullen, Ramsay. 1989. ‘The Preacher’s Audience. AD 350-400’, The Journal of Theological Studies, 40: 503–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macías, Santiago. 1996. Mértola Islâmica. Estudo histórico-arqueológico do bairro da Alcáçova: séculos XII-XIII (Campo arquéologico de Mértola: Mértola).Google Scholar
Maciel, Justino. 1996. Antiguidade Tardia e Paleocristianismo em Portugal (Justino Maciel: Lisbon).Google Scholar
Madoz y Moleres, José. 1945. ‘Una nueva recensión del ‘De correctione rusticorum’, de Martín de Braga (Ms. Sant Cugat, n. 22)’, Estudios eclesiásticos, 19.74: 335–353.Google Scholar
Maguire, Henry. 1987. Earth and Ocean. The Terrestrial World in Early Byzantine Art (Pennsylvania State University Press: University Park, London).Google Scholar
Maguire, Henry. 1999. ‘The Good Life’, in Bowersock, Glen Warren, Brown, Peter and Grabar, Oleg (eds.), Late Antiquity. A Guide to the Postclassical World (Harvard University Press: Cambridge): 238–259.Google Scholar
Mañanes, Tomas. 1980. ‘El mosaico romano de las termas de la Catedral de León’, in Mañanes, Tomas and Balil, Alberto (eds.), Estudios sobre Mosaicos Romanos (Universidad de Valladolid: Valladolid): 25–28.Google Scholar
Mango, Cyril. 1963. ‘Antique Statuary and the Byzantine Beholder’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 17: 53–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcenaro, Mario (ed.). 2007. Albenga Città Episcopale. Tempi e dinamiche della cristianizzazione tra Liguria di Ponente e Provenza (Istituto Internazionale di Studi Liguri: Bodhigera).Google Scholar
Marcone, Arnaldo. 2011. ‘Persistenze classiche e innovazioni cristiane: iconografia ed epigrafia nelle Venezie’, in Brown, Peter and Testa, Rita Lizzi (eds.), Pagans and Christians in the Roman Empire: The Breaking of a Dialogue (IVth-VIth Century A.D.) (LIT Verlag: Zurich, Berlin): 291–308.Google Scholar
Marcone, Arnaldo. 2014. ‘Alla ricerca di un’identità. Tradizioni classiche nella prima iconografia cristiana’, in Birk, Stine, Kristensen, Troels Myrup and Poulsen, Birte (eds.), Using Images in Late Antiquity (Oxbow Books: Oxford): 253–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maréchal, Sadi. 2020. Public Baths and Bathing Habits in Late Antiquity: A Study of the Evidence from Italy, North Africa and Palestine A.D. 285-700 (Brill: Leiden, Boston).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maréchal, Sadi. 2016. ‘Public and Private Bathing in Late Antique North Africa. Changing Habits in a Changing Society?’ in Mandich, Matthew J, Derrick, Thomas J, Sanchez, Sergio Gonzalez, Savani, Giaccomo and Zampieri, Eleonora (eds.), TRAC 2015: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference (Oxbow Books: Oxford): 125–140.Google Scholar
Markus, Robert Austin. 1990. The End of Ancient Christianity (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Martínez Pizarro, Joaquín. 1995. Writing Ravenna. The Liber Pontificalis of Andreas Agnellus (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masaro, Gabriele. 2014. ‘Vario formata decore. Reminiscenze classiche e autori cristiani nelle dediche metriche delle basiliche tardo-antiche’, in Pistellato, Antonio (ed.), Memoria poetica e poesia della memoria. La versificazione epigrafica dall’antichità all’umanesimo (Ca’Foscari: Venice): 177–205.Google Scholar
Masuzawa, Tomoko. 2005. The Invention of World Religions, or, How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism (University of Chicago Press: Chicago, London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathisen, Ralph Whitney. 2014. ‘Barbarian “Arian” Clergy, Church Organization, and Church Practices’, in Guido Michael, Berndt and Steinacher, Roland (eds.), Arianism: Roman Heresy and Barbarian Creed (Ashgate: Farnham): 145–192.Google Scholar
Matthiae, Guglielmo. 1962. ‘La cultura figurativa di Salonicco nei secoli V e VI’, Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana, 83: 163–213.Google Scholar
Mattingly, David J. 2010. Imperialism, Power, and Identity – Experiencing the Roman Empire (Princeton University Press: Princeton).Google Scholar
Mauskopf Deliyannis, Deborah. 2010. Ravenna in Late Antiquity (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Mauskopf Deliyannis, Deborah. 2016. ‘Episcopal Commemoration in Late Fifth-Century Ravenna’, in Herrin, Judith and Nelson, Jinty (eds.), Ravenna: Its Role in Earlier Medieval Change and Exchange (University of London Press: London): 39–51.Google Scholar
Mazzotti, Mario. 1957. ‘La “Anastasis Ghotorum” di Ravenna ed il suo battistero’, Felix Ravenna, 75.1: 25–62.Google Scholar
Mazzotti, Mario. 1961. ‘Il battistero della cattedrale di Ravenna’, Corsi di Cultura sull’Arte ravennate e bizantina, 8: 255–278.Google Scholar
Mazzotti, Mario. 1970. ‘Scavi recenti al battistero degli ariani in Ravenna’, Felix Ravenna, 101.1: 115–123.Google Scholar
McGuire, Meredith. 2008. Lived Religion: Faith and Practice in Everyday Life (Oxford University Press: New York, Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLynn, Neil B., Papaconstantinou, Arietta, and Schwartz, Daniel Louis. 2015. Conversion in Late Antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and Beyond (Ashgate: Farnham).Google Scholar
Mead, George Herbert, and Morris, Charles William (eds.). 1934 (2015). Mind, Self and Society (University of Chicago Press: Chicago, London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meer, Frederik van der, Battershaw, Brian, and Lamb, G. R.. 1961. Augustine the Bishop: The Life and Work of a Father of the Church (Sheed and Ward: London).Google Scholar
Mendel, Gustave. 1914. Catalogue des sculptures grecques, romaines et byzantines (Musée Imperial: Constantinople).Google Scholar
Mercado Hernández, César, and Sánchez Medina, Esther. 2001. ‘Visión isidoriana de los espectáculos públicos’, in García Moreno, Luis Agustín and Rascón Marqués, Sebastián (eds.), Hispánia en la Antigüedad Tardía: ocio y espectáculos, Actas del 2 Encuentro Hispania en la Antigüedad Tardía, Alcalá de Henares, 15 a 17 de octubre de 1997 (Universidad del Alcalá: Alcalá Henares): 221–229.Google Scholar
Merrills, Andy, and Miles, Richard. 2010. The Vandals (Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merritt Bassett, Paul. 1976. ‘The Use of History in the Chronicon of Isidore of Seville’, History and Theory, 15.3: 278–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mertens Fleury, Katharina. 2015. Zeigen und Bezeichnen. Zugänge zu allegorischem Erzählen im Mittelalter (Königshausen u. Neumann: Würzburg).Google Scholar
Meyer, Birgit. 2015. ‘Picturing the Invisible. Visual Culture and the Study of Religion’, Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, 27: 333–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikat, Paul. 1984. Doppelbesetzung oder Ehrentitulatur: zur Stellung des westgotisch-arianischen Episkopates nach der Konversion von 587/89 (Westdeutscher Verlag: Opladen).Google Scholar
Richard, Miles (ed.). 2016. The Donatist Schism. Controversy and Context (Liverpool University Press: Liverpool).Google Scholar
Richard, Miles 2005. ‘The Anthologia Latina and the Creation of a Secular Space in Vandal Carthage’, Antiquité Tardive, 13: 305–320.Google Scholar
Mîrşanu, Dragoş 2009. ‘The Aesthetic ‘Shadow’of Gothic Arianism: Archaeology, Architecture and Art in the Age of Heresies’, in Neamţu, Mihail and Tǎtaru-Cazaban, Bogdan (eds.), Memory, Humanity, and Meaning (Zeta Books: Bucharest): 411–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monceaux, Paul. 1908. ‘Enquête sur l’épigraphie chrétienne d’Afrique’, Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres de l’Institut de France, 12.1: 161–339.Google Scholar
Monceaux, Paul. 1922. ‘Découverte d’un groupe d’édifices chrétiens à Djemila’, Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 66.5: 380–707.Google Scholar
Monceaux, Paul. 1923. ‘Cuicul chrétien (Numidie)’, Miscellanea Giovanni Battista de Rossi. Atti della pontificia accademia romana di archeologia (serie III), 1.1: 89–112.Google Scholar
Moracchini-Mazel, Geneviève. 1962a. ‘Une basilique et un baptistère paléo-chrétiens découverts à Mariana (Corse)’, Comptes-rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 106.2: 99–102.Google Scholar
Moracchini-Mazel, Geneviève. 1962b. ‘Le pavement en mosaïque de la basilique paléo-chrétienne et du baptistère de Mariana (Corse)’, Cahiers Archéologiques, 13: 137–160.Google Scholar
Moracchini-Mazel, Geneviève, Jodin, André, Démians d’Archimbaud, Gabrielle, and Brenot, Claude. 1971. Les Fouilles de Mariana (Corse) (Fédération d’associations et groupements pour les études corses: no location).Google Scholar
Morfino, Debora. 2011. ‘Le strutture battesimali nell’Africa Romana IV-VI secolo d. C’, in Rosa Maria Bonacasa, Carra (ed.), Il primo christianesimo nell’Africa romana e in Sicilia (Carlo Saladino: Palermo): 9–93.Google Scholar
Morgan, David. 2010a. ‘Introduction. The Matter of Belief’, in Morgan, David (ed.), Religion and Material Culture: The Matter of Belief (Routledge: London): 1–17.Google Scholar
Morgan, David. 2010b. Religion and Material Culture: The Matter of Belief (Routledge: London).Google Scholar
Morgan, David. 2016. ‘Material Analysis and the Study of Religion’, in Hutchings, Tim and McKenzie, Joanne (eds.), Materiality and the Study of Religion: The Stuff of the Sacred (Taylor & Francis: London): 14–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, Teresa. 2015. Roman Faith and Christian Faith: Pistis and Fides in the Early Roman Empire and Early Churches (Oxford University Press: Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morvillez, M. Éric. 2012. ‘Les mosaïques des bains d’Oued Athmenia (Algérie): les calques conservés à la Médiathèque de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine’. Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France, année 2006: 304–322.Google Scholar
Mourão, Cátia. 2011. ‘Mosaicos romanos com motivos aquáticos em Portugal’, in Monográfico de Conímbriga, Museu (ed.), O mosaico romano nos centros e nas periferias: originalidades, influências e identidades: actas do X Coloquio Internacional da Associação Internacional para o Estudo do Mosaico Antigo (AIEMA) (Instituto dos Museus e da Conservação: Conímbriga): 343–351.Google Scholar
Mourão, Cátia. 2010. ‘AVTEM NON SVNT RERVM NATVRA. Figurações heteromórficas em mosaicos hispano-romanos (diss.)’, Universidade Nova de Lisboa: Lisbon (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6268).Google Scholar
Mourão, Cátia. 2008. ‘Motivos aquáticos em mosaicos antigos de Portugal – Decorativismo e Simbolismo’, Revista de História da Arte, 6: 115–131.Google Scholar
Mugnai, Niccolo, Nikolaus, Julia, and Ray, Nick. 2016. De Africa Romaque: Merging Cultures Across North Africa: Proceedings of the International Conference Held at the University of Leicester (26–27 October 2013) (The Society for Libyan Studies: London).Google Scholar
Muhlberger, Steve. 1992. ‘Looking Back from Mid Century: The Gallic Chronicler of 452 and the Crisis of Honorius’ Reign’, in Drinkwater, John and Elton, Hugh (eds.), Fifth-Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity? (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge): 28–37.Google Scholar
Müller-Wiener, Wolfgang. 1989. ‘Bischofsresidenzen des 4.-7. Jhs. im östlichen Mittelmeerraum’, in Baritel, Françoise, Duval, Noël and Pergola, Philippe (eds.), Actes du XIe Congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne : Lyon, Vienne, Grenoble, Genève et Aoste (21-28 Septembre 1986) (Ecole française de Rome: Rome): 651–709.Google Scholar
Mürbe, Stefanie. 2007. ‘Der Palast der Republik – Ein Ort geteilter Erinnerungen?’ in Schug, Alexander (ed.), Palast der Republik: politischer Diskurs und private Erinnerung (BWV: Berlin): 108–121.Google Scholar
Muth, Susanne. 2001. ‘Eine Kultur zwischen Veränderung und Stagnation. Zum Umgang mit den Mythenbildern im spätantiken Haus’, in Bauer, Franz Alto and Zimmermann, Norbert (eds.), Epochenwandel? Kunst und Kultur zwischen Antike und Mittelalter (Philipp von Zabern: Mainz): 95–116.Google Scholar
Nagel, Eduard. 1980. Kindertaufe und Taufaufschub. Die Praxis vom 3. - 5. Jahrhundert in Nordafrika und ihre theologische Einordnung bei Tertullian, Cyprian und Augustinus [Peter D. Lang: Frankfurt (Main)].Google Scholar
Nauerth, Claudia. 1974. Agnellus von Ravenna. Untersuchungen zur archäologischen Methode des ravennatischen Chronisten (Weidmann: Hildesheim).Google Scholar
Neira Jiménez, Luz. 1997. ‘Algunas consideraciones sobre mosaicos romanos con nereidas y tritones en ambientes termales de Hispania’, in Agorretea, María Jesús Peréx (ed.), Termalismo Antiguo; actas (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia: Madrid): 481–496.Google Scholar
Neira Jiménez, Luz. 2011. ‘The Sea Thiasos of Nereids and Tritons in the Roman Mosaics of Turkey’, in Şahin, Mustafa (ed.), 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics, October 16th–20th, 2009, Bursa, Turkey: Mosaics of Turkey and Parallel Developments in the Rest of the Acient and Medieval World (Uludağ Üniversitesi, Mozaik Araştırmaları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi: Istanbul): 631–654.Google Scholar
Elke, Neumann (ed.). 2019. Palast der Republik: Utopie, Inspiration, Politikum (Exhibition catalogue, Kunsthalle Rostock, 1 June–13 October 2019) [Mitteldeutscher Verlag: Halle (Saale)].Google Scholar
Neuner, Stefan, Klammer, Markus, and Fricke, Beate. 2011. ‘Pikturale Horizonte der Gemeinschaftsproduktion’, in Fricke, Beate, Klammer, Markus and Neuner, Stefan (eds.), Bilder und Gemeinschaften. Studien zur Konvergenz von Politik und Ästhetik in Kunst, Literatur und Theorie (Fink: Paderborn): 10–39.Google Scholar
Nola, Paulinus of, and Skeb, Matthias. 1998. Epistulae. Fontes Christiani 25.2 (Herder: Freiburg im Br.).Google Scholar
Nora, Pierre. 1989. ‘Between Memory and History: Les lieux de mémoire’, Representations, 26: 7–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordström, Carl Otto. 1953. Ravennastudien; ideengeschichtliche und ikonographische Untersuchungen über die Mosaiken von Ravenna (Almquist and Wiksell: Stockholm).Google Scholar
North, John A., and Price, Simon Rowland Francis (eds.). 2011. The Religious History of the Roman Empire: Pagans, Jews, and Christians (Oxford University Press: Oxford).Google Scholar
Noth, Martin. 1968. ‘Die Mosaikinschriften der Apostel-Kirche in Madeba’, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, 84: 130–142.Google Scholar
Oepen, Alexis. 2012. Villa und christlicher Kult auf der Iberischen Halbinsel in Spätantike und Westgotenzeit (Reichert Verlag: Wiesbaden).Google Scholar
Öğüş-Uzun, Esen. 2010. ‘Fruit Trees on Late Antique Mosaics: From the Worcester Hunt to Jordanian Churches’, OLBA, 18: 395–420.Google Scholar
Ohly, Friedrich. 1977. ‘Vom geistigen Sinn des Wortes im Mittelalter’, in Ohly, Friedrich (ed.), Schriften zur mittelalterlichen Bedeutungsforschung (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft: Darmstadt).Google Scholar
Ohly, Friedrich. 1979. ‘Typologische Figuren aus Natur und Mythus’, in Haug, Walter (ed.), Formen und Funktionen der Allegorie (Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung: Stuttgart).Google Scholar
Opelt, Ilona. 1962. ‘Erde’, in Klauser, Theodor, Dölger, Franz Joseph, and Dassmann, Ernst (eds.), Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum (Hiersemann: Stuttgart): 1113–1179.Google Scholar
Orfila, Margarita, and Tuset, Francisco. 2003. ‘Descripción, paralelos y análisis de los mosaicos de la iglesia de Son Fadrinet (Campos, Mallorca)’, Mayurqa, 29: 189–207.Google Scholar
Orsi, Robert Anthony. 2005. Between Heaven and Earth: The Religious Worlds People make and the Scholars who study them (Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, Oxford).Google Scholar
Pachtère, Félix-Georges de. 1911. Inventaire des mosaïques de la Gaule et de l’Afrique (Ernest Leroux: Paris).Google Scholar
Palardy, William B. (ed.). 2005. St. Peter Chrysologus: Selected Sermons (Catholic University of America Press: Washington, DC).Google Scholar
Palazzo, Eric. 1992. ‘Iconographie et liturgie: la mosaïque du baptistère de Kélibia (Tunisie)’, Archiv für Liturgiewissenschaft, 34: 102–120.Google Scholar
Palol, Pedro de. 1967. ‘En torno a la iconografía de los mosaicos cristianos de las islas Baleares’, in de Palol, Pedro (ed.), Actas de la primera Reunión Nacional de Arqueología Paleocristiana: Vitoria, 29-31 octubre 1966 (Sancho el Sabio: Valladolid): 131–150.Google Scholar
Palol, Pedro de. 1989. ‘La arqueología cristiana en la Hispania romana y visigoda. Descubrimientos recientes y nuevos puntos de vista’, in Baritel, Françoise, Duval, Noël and Pergola, Philippe (eds.), Actes du XIe Congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne (Ecole française de Rome: Rome): 1975–2022.Google Scholar
Parsons, Wilfrid (ed.). 1951. Augustine. Letters. Volume 1, (1–82) (Catholic University of America Press: Washington, DC).Google Scholar
Patout Burns, James. 2011. ‘Augustine’s Theology of Baptism’, in Hellholm, David, Vegge, Tor, Norderval, Øyvind, and Hellholm, Christer (eds.), Ablution, Initiation, and Baptism: Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity (De Gruyter: Berlin, New York): 1290–1303.Google Scholar
Paxson, James J. 1994. The Poetics of Personification (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, Susan. 2008. ‘The Hinton St Mary Mosaic Pavement: Christ or Emperor?’, Britannia, 39: 193–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelikan, Jaroslav. 1993. Christianity and Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter with Hellenism (Yale University Press: New Haven, London).Google Scholar
Penni Iacco, Emanuela. 2011. L’arianesimo nei mosaici di Ravenna (Longo Editore: Ravenna).Google Scholar
Perler, Othmar. 1964. ‘Die Taufsymbolik der vier Jahreszeiten im Baptisterium bei Kélibia’, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum, 1: 282–290.Google Scholar
Pflaum, Hans-Georg, and Dupuis, Xavier. 2003. Inscriptions Latines de l’Algérie (E. de Boccard: Paris).Google Scholar
Pharr, Clyde. 2001. The Theodosian Code and Novels and the Sirmondian Constitutions (The Lawbook Exchange: Clark, NJ).Google Scholar
Piccirillo, Michele. 1989. Chiese e mosaici di Madaba (Franciscan Printing Press: Jerusalem).Google Scholar
Piccirillo, Michele. 1991. I mosaici di Giordania [catalogue of an exhibition], Castello di Malpaga, Cavernago-Bergamo, marzo-giugno 1991 (Studium Biblicum Franciscanum: Jerusalem).Google Scholar
Piccirillo, Michele. 1994. ‘The Byzantine Mosaics of Jordan as an Historical Source – II (1980–1984)’, in Darmon, Jean-Pierre and Rebourg, Alain (eds.), La Mosaïque Gréco-Romaine IV: IVe Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque antique (Supplément au Bulletin de l’A.I.E.M.A.: Paris): 219–225.Google Scholar
Piper, Ferdinand. 1847–1851. Mythologie der christlichen Kunst von der ältesten Zeit bis in’s sechzehnte Jahrhundert (Verlag des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs: Weimar).Google Scholar
Pitts, Martin. 2007. ‘The Emperor’s New Clothes? The Utility of Identity in Roman Archaeology’, American Journal of Archaeology, 111.4: 693–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pohl, Walter. 1997. ‘The Barbarian Successor States’, in Webster, Leslie and Brown, Michelle (eds.), The Transformation of the Roman World, AD 400-900 (British Museum Press: London): 33–47.Google Scholar
Pohl, Walter. 2013. ‘Christian and Barbarian Identities in the Early Medieval West: Introduction’, in Pohl, Walter and Heydemann, Gerda (eds.), Post-Roman Transitions: Christian and Barbarian Identities in the Early Medieval West (Brepols: Turnhout).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pohl, Walter. 2018. ‘Introduction: Early Medieval Romanness – a Multiple Identity’, in Pohl, Walter, Gantner, Clemens, Grifoni, Cinzia and Pollheimer-Mohaupt, Marianne (eds.), Transformations of Romanness. Early Medieval Regions and Identities (De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston): 3–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, Pohl, Gantner, Clemens, Grifoni, Cinzia, and Pollheimer-Mohaupt, Marianne (eds.). 2018. Transformations of Romanness. Early Medieval Regions and Identities (De Gruyter: Berlin).Google Scholar
Pohl, Walter, and Heydemann, Gerda (eds.). 2013. Post-Roman Transitions: Christian and Barbarian Identities in the Early Medieval West (Brepols: Turnhout).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pohl, Walter, and Reimitz, Helmut (eds.). 1998. Strategies of Distinction: The Construction of the Ethnic Communities, 300-800 (Brill: Leiden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulsen, Birte. 2014. ‘City Personifications in Late Antiquity’, in Birk, Stine, Kristensen, Troels Myrup and Poulsen, Birte (eds.), Using Images in Late Antiquity (Oxbow Books: Oxford): 209–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puech, Henri-Charles. 1949. ‘Le cerf et le serpent, note sur le symbolisme de la mosaïque découverte au baptistère de l’Henchir Messaouda’, Cahiers archéologiques de l’antiquité et moyen age, 4: 17–60.Google Scholar
Quaresma, José Carlos. 2010. ‘Les importations de céramique culinaire africaine à Chaos Salgados, Santiago de Cacém (Mirobriga?), en la villa de Toralla (Vigo, Galicia, Espana)’, in Menchelli, Simonetta, Santoro, Sara, Pasquinucci, Marinella and Guiducci, Gabriella (eds.), Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean: Archaeology and Archaeometry: Comparison Between Western and Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeopress: Oxford): 157–166.Google Scholar
Raeck, Wulff. 1992. Modernisierte Mythen. Zum Umgang der Spätantike mit klassischen Bildthemen (Steiner: Stuttgart).Google Scholar
Raja, Rubina. 2012. Urban Development and Regional Identity in the Eastern Roman Provinces, 50 BC-AD 250: Aphrodisias, Ephesos, Athens, Gerasa (Museum Tusculanum Press: Copenhagen).Google Scholar
Raja, Rubina, and Rüpke, Jörg. 2015a. ‘Archaeology of Religion, Material Religion, and the Ancient World’, in Raja, Rubina and Rüpke, Jörg (eds.), A Companion to the Archaeology of Religion in the Ancient World (Wiley Blackwell: Chichester): 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raja, Rubina, and Weiss, Lara. 2015. ‘The Role of Objects: Meanings, Situations and Interaction’, Religion in the Roman Empire, 1.2: 137–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravoisié, Amable. 1846. Exploration scientifique de l’Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Vol. 1 (Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères: Paris).Google Scholar
Real, Manuel Luís. 2012. ‘Materiais de construção utilizados na arquitectura cristã da alta Idade Média, em Portugal’, in Melo, Arnaldo Sousa and Maria do Carmo Franco, Ribeiro (eds.), História da Construção. Os Materiais (CITCEM: Braga): 89–126.Google Scholar
Real, Ulrich. 2003. ‘Die Bischofsresidenz in der spätantiken Stadt’, in Brands, Gunnar and Severin, Hans-Georg (eds.), Die spätantike Stadt und ihre Christianisierung (Reichert: Wiesbaden): 219–237.Google Scholar
Rebillard, Éric. 2012. Christians and their Many Identities in Late Antiquity, North Africa, 200-450 CE (Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rebillard, Éric. 2015. ‘Material Culture and Religious Identity in Late Antiquity’, in Raja, Rubina and Rüpke, Jörg (eds.), A Companion to the Archaeology of Religion in the Ancient World (Wiley Blackwell: Chichester): 427–436.Google Scholar
Rebillard, Éric. 2018. ‘Sermons, Audience, Preacher’, in Dupont, Anthony, Boodts, Shari, Partoens, Gert and Leemans, Johan (eds.), Preaching in the Patristic Era. Sermons, Preachers and Audiences in the Latin West (Brill: Leiden): 87–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rebillard, Éric, and Rüpke, Jörg. 2015. Group Identity and Religious Individuality in Late Antiquity (The Catholic University of America Press: Washington, DC).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinbold, Fabian and Novak, Mirjam. 2007. ‘Leidenschaftliche Kämpfer. Die Abrissdebatte und ihre Akteure’, in Schug, Alexander (ed.), Palast der Republik: politischer Diskurs und private Erinnerung (BWV: Berlin): 67–81.Google Scholar
Ricci, Corrado. 1930–1937. Tavole storiche dei mosaici di Ravenna: Battistero della Cattedrale (Instituto Poligrafico dello Stato: Rome).Google Scholar
Riera Rullan, Mateu, Bruguera, Magdalena Salas, Grimalt, Margalida Munar, and Cau Ontiveros, Miguel Angel. 2006. ‘El proyecto de revisión y adecuación del yacimiento de Son Peretó (Manacor, Mallorca)’, Association pour l’Antiquité Tardive – Bulletin, 15: 69–74.Google Scholar
Riesco Terrero, Luis. 1975. Epistolario de San Braulio (Editorial Católica Española: Seville).Google Scholar
Riese, Alexander. 1894. Anthologia Latina : sive Poesis Latinae supplementum. Pars prior, Carmina in codicibus scripta (B.G. Teubner: Leipzig).Google Scholar
Riggs, David. 2001. ‘The Continuity of Paganism between the Cities and Countryside of Late Roman Africa’, in Burns, Thomas Samuel and Eadie, John William (eds.), Urban Centers and Rural Contexts in Late Antiquity (Michigan State University Press: East Lansing, MI): 285–300.Google Scholar
Ripoll, Gisela. 1999. ‘Symbolic Life and Signs of Identity in Visigothic Times’, in Heather, Peter (ed.), The Visigoths. From the Migration Period to the Seventh Century. An Ethnographic Perspective (Boydell: Woodbridge): 403–431.Google Scholar
Ripoll, Gisela, and Isabel, Velásquez. 1999. ‘Origen y desarrollo de las parrochiae en la Hispania de la Antigüedad Tardía’, in Pergola, Philippe (ed.), Atti delle giornata tematica dei Seminari di Archeologia cristiana (École française de Rome – 19 marzo 1998) (Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Rome): 101–165.Google Scholar
Ristow, Günter. 1957. ‘Zur Personifikation des Jordan in Taufdarstellungen der frühen christlichen Kunst’, in Irmscher, Johannes (ed.), Aus der byzantinischen Arbeit der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (Akademie Verlag: Berlin): 120–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizzardi, Clementina. 1989. ‘L’arte dei Goti a Ravenna: motivi ideologici, aspetti iconografici e formali nella decorazione musiva’, in Corso di cultura sull’arte ravennate e bizantina (ed.), XXXVI Corso di cultura sull’arte ravennate e bizantina: Seminario di studi sul tema: “Ravenna e l’Italia fra Goti e Longobardi (Ravenna, 14-22 aprile 1989) (Del Girasole: Ravenna): 373–375.Google Scholar
Rizzardi, Clementina. 2001. ‘La decorazione musiva del Battistero degli Ortodossi e degli Ariani a Ravenna: alcune considerazioni’, in Gandolfi, Daniela (ed.), L’edificio battesimale in Italia (Ist. Internazionale di Studi Liguri: Bordighera): 915–930.Google Scholar
Rizzardi, Clementina, Kniffitz, Linda, Sotira, Letizia, and Vernia, Barbara. 2011. Il mosaico a Ravenna: ideologia e arte (Ante Quem: Bologna).Google Scholar
Roth, Kersten Sven. 2008, ‘Der Westen als “Normal Null”. Zur Diskurssemantik von “ostdeutsch” und “westdeutsch”’, in Roth, Kersten Sven and Wienen, Markus (eds.), Diskursmauern. Aktuelle Aspekte der sprachlichen Verhältnisse zwischen Ost und West (Hempen: Bremen): 69–89.Google Scholar
Rouwhorst, Gerard. 2019. ‘Salbung’, in Hornung, Christian, de Blaauw, Sible, Fuhrer, Therese, Leppin, Hartmut, Löhr, Winrich, Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther, Niehoff, Maren, Schöllgen, Georg, and Tanaseanu-Döbler, Ilinca (eds.), Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum (Hiersemann: Stuttgart): 339–370.Google Scholar
Rúa, Enrique Jorge Montenegro. 2008. Santa Eulalia de Bóveda (Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Cultura e Deporte).Google Scholar
Rujivacharakul, Vimalin. 2011. Collecting China: The World, China, and a History of Collecting (University of Delaware Press: Newark, DE).Google Scholar
Rummel, Philipp von. 2013. ‘Unrömische Römer und römische Barbaren. Die Fluidität vermeintlich präziser Leitbegriffe der Forschung zum spätantiken Gallien’, in Diefenbach, Steffen and Müller, Gernot Michael (eds.), Gallien in Spätantike und Frühmittelalter. Kulturgeschichte einer Region (De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston): 277–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rummel, Philipp von. 2016. ‘The Transformation of Ancient Land- and Cityscapes in Early Medieval North Africa’, in Stevens, Susan T. and Conant, Jonathan (eds.), North Africa Under Byzantium and Early Islam (Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection: Washington, DC): 105–117.Google Scholar
Rüpke, Jörg. 2016. On Roman Religion: Lived Religion and the Individual in Ancient Rome (Cornell University Press: Ithaca, London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rüpke, Jörg, and Spickermann, Wolfgang. 2012. Reflections on Religious Individuality: Greco-Roman and Judaeo-Christian Texts and Practices (De Gruyter: Berlin).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russo, Eugenio. 2001. ‘Sulla sopraelevazione neoniana del battistero della cattedrale di Ravenna’, in Gandolfi, Daniela (ed.), L’edificio battesimale in Italia (Bordighera: Florence): 891–914.Google Scholar
Saavedra Machado, João 1970. ‘Documentos de Estácio da Veiga para o estudo da arqueologia do Algarve. Catálogo de plantas, desenhos e mosaicos’, in Actas das I Jornadas Arqueológicas (Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses: Lisbon): 335–385.Google Scholar
Sabrow, Martin. 2010. ‘Die DDR erinnern’, in Sabrow, Martin (ed.), Erinnerungsorte der DDR (Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung: Bonn): 11–29.Google Scholar
Salzman, Michele Renee. 2002. The Making of a Christian Aristocracy: Social and Religious Change in the Western Roman Empire (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandwell, Isabella. 2007. Religious Identity in Late Antiquity: Greeks, Jews, and Christians in Antioch (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, Affonso dos, and Estácio da Veiga, Maria Luísa. 1972. Arqueologia Romana do Algarve (Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses: Lisbon).Google Scholar
Saxer, Victor. 1988. Les rites de l’initiation chrétienne du IIe au VIe siècle (Centro italiano di studi sull’alto medioevo: Spoleto).Google Scholar
Schäferdiek, Knut. 1967. Die Kirche in den Reichen der Westgoten und Suewen bis zur Errichtung der westgotischen katholischen Staatskirche (De Gruyter: Berlin).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schäferdiek, Knut. 2009. ‘Die Ravennater Papyrusurkunde Tjäder 34, der Codex argenteus und die ostgotische arianische Kirche’, Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, 120.2: 215–231.Google Scholar
Schlunk, Helmut, and Hauschild, Theodor. 1978. Die Denkmäler der frühchristlichen und westgotischen Zeit (Philipp von Zabern: Mainz).Google Scholar
Schneider, Hannah. 2011. ‘Die Entwicklung der Taufbecken in der Spätantike’, in Hellholm, David, Vegge, Tor, Norderval, Øyvind, and Hellholm, Christer (eds.), Ablution, Initiation, and Baptism: Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity (De Gruyter: New York, Berlin): 1697–1719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoenebeck, Hans Ulrich von. 1935. Der Mailänder Sarkophag und seine Nachfolge (Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Vatican City).Google Scholar
Schrenk, Sabine, and Rexin, Gerhard. 2007. ‘Erstaunen oder Flucht? Zur Darstellung des Jordan in den spätantiken Bildern der Taufe Jesu’, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum, 50: 180–198.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts (Yale University Press: New Haven).Google Scholar
Sears, Gareth. 2007. Late Roman African Urbanism: Continuity and Transformation in the City (Archaeopress: Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sears, Gareth. 2016. ‘A Catholic Stronghold? Religious and Ethnic Identites at Tipasa’, in Mugnai, Niccolo, Nikolaus, Julia and Ray, Nick (eds.), De Africa Romaque: Merging Cultures Across North Africa: Proceedings of the International Conference Held at the University of Leicester (26–27 October 2013) (The Society for Libyan Studies: London): 131–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seligman, Adam B., Weller, Robert Paul, Puett, Michael James, and Simon, Benett. 2008. ‘Ritual and the Subjunctive’, in Seligman, Adam B., Weller, Robert Paul, Puett, Michael James and Simon, Benett (eds.), Ritual and its Consequences: An Essay on the Limits of Sincerity (Oxford University Press: New York, Oxford): 17–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Settles, Isis H., and Buchanan, Nicole T.. 2014. ‘Multiple Groups, Multiple Identites, and Intersectionality’, in Benet-Martínez, Verónica and Hong, Ying-yi (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Multicultural Identity (Oxford University Press: New York): 160–180.Google Scholar
Shackleton Bailey, David Roy. 1982. Anthologia Latina. I, Carmina in codicibus scripta. Fasc. 1, Libri Salmasiani aliorumque carmina (B.G. Teubner: Stuttgart).Google Scholar
Shaw, Brent. 1992. ‘African Christianity: Disputes, Definitions, and “Donatists”’, in Greenshields, Malcolm R. and Robinson, Thomas Arthur (eds.), Orthodoxy and Heresy in Religious Movements. Discipline and Dissent (Edwin Mellen Press: Lewiston, NY): 5–34.Google Scholar
Shaw, Brent. 2004. ‘Who were the Circumcellions?’ in Merrills, Andy (ed.), Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa (Ashgate: Aldershot): 227–258.Google Scholar
Shaw, Brent. 2011. Sacred Violence. African Christians and Sectarian Hatred in the Age of Augustin (Cambridge University Press: New York).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sidarus, Adel, and Teichner, Felix. 1996. ‘As Termas romanas no Gharb Al-Ândaluz. As inscrições árabes de Milreu (Estói)’, Arqueologia Medieval, 5: 177–189.Google Scholar
Simon, Marcel. 1966. ‘Bellérophon chrétien’, in Heurgon, Jacques, Seston, William and Charles-Picard, Gilbert (eds.), Mélanges d’archéologie, d’épigraphie et d’histoire offerts à Jérôme Carcopino (Hachette: Paris): 889–904.Google Scholar
Sinding-Larsen, Staale. 1984. Iconography and Ritual: A Study of Analytical Perspectives (Universitetsforlaget AS: Oslo).Google Scholar
Sintès, Claude, and Ymouna, Rebahi. 2003. Algérie antique [catalogue de l’exposition 26 avril au 17 août 2003, Musée de l’Arles et de la Provence antique] (Éditions du Musée de l’Arles et de la Provence antiques: Arles).Google Scholar
Smati, Naima. 2001. ‘Les mosaïques figurées à thème marin en Afrique du Nord (Tunisie-Algérie-Maroc): étude descriptive et analytique (Tunisie, Algérie, Maroc) (diss.)’, Univ. Paris IV, Paris (unpubl.).Google Scholar
Smith, Jonathan Zittell. 1987. To Take Place: Toward Theory in Ritual (University of Chicago Press: Chicago, London).Google Scholar
Smith, Jonathan Zittell. 1990. Drudgery Divine: On the Comparison of Early Christianities and the Religions of Late Antiquity (University of Chicago Press: Chicago).Google Scholar
Smith, Julia Mary Howard. 2005. Europe After Rome: A New Cultural History 500–1000 (Oxford University Press: Oxford).Google Scholar
Sölch, Brigitte. 2019. ‘Das Rathaus, der Stadtplatz und die Revitalisierung der Forumsidee – mit einem Ausblick auf das “Humboldt-Forum” in Berlin’, in Gauly, Bardo Maria, Müller, Gernot Michael, and Rathmann, Michael (eds.), Dialoge mit dem Altertum. Sinnstiftungen aus der Vergangenheit in Antike, Früher Neuzeit und Moderne (Universitätsverlag Winter: Heidelberg): 271–317.Google Scholar
Sörries, Reiner. 1983. Die Bilder der Orthodoxen im Kampf gegen den Arianismus (Lang: Frankfurt a.M.).Google Scholar
Spieser, Jean-Michel. 2001. ‘Further Remarks on the Mosaic of Hosios David’, in Spieser, Jean-Michel (ed.), Urban and Religious Spaces in Late Antiquity and Early Byzantium (Ashgate: Aldershot): 1–12.Google Scholar
Spinks, Bryan Douglas. 2006. Early and Medieval Rituals and Theologies of Baptism. From the New Testament to the Council of Trent (Ashgate: Aldershot).Google Scholar
Squire, Michael. 2009. Image and Text in Graeco-Roman Antiquity (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Stafford, Emma, and Herrin, Judith. 2005. Personification in the Greek World: From Antiquity to Byzantium (Ashgate: Aldershot, Burlington, VT).Google Scholar
Stasolla, Francesca Romana. 2002a. ‘Balnea ed edifici di culto: relazioni e trasformazioni tra tarda antichità e alto medioevo’, in Guidobaldi Guiglia, Alessandra and Guidobaldi, Federico (eds.), Ecclesia Urbis (Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Vatican City): 143–151.Google Scholar
Stasolla, Francesca Romana. 2002b. Pro labandis curis: il balneum tra tarda antichità e Medioevo (Fratelli Palombi editori: Rome).Google Scholar
Stern, Henri. 1957. ‘Le décor des pavements et des cuves dans les baptistères paléochrétiens’, in Congresso internazionale di archeologia cristiana (ed.), Actes du Ve Congrès International d’Archéologie Chrétienne (Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana: Vatican City): 381–390.Google Scholar
Stevens, Susan T. 1988. ‘The Circus Poems in the Latin Anthology’, in John Herbert, Humphrey (ed.), The Circus and a Byzantine Cemetery at Carthage (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor): 153–178.Google Scholar
Stevens, Susan T., Kalinovski, Angela V., and van der Leest, Hans. 2005. Bir Ftouha: A Pilgrimage Church Complex at Carthage, Journal of Roman Studies Supplementary Series, 59 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Stewart, Alistair. 2015. On the Apostolic Tradition, Hippolytus; An English Version with Introduction and Commentary (St Vladimir’s Seminary Press: New York).Google Scholar
Michael, Stewart, Parnell, David, and Whately, Conor (eds). 2022. The Routledge Handbook on Identity in Byzantium (Routledge: London, New York).Google Scholar
Stiegemann, Christoph (ed.). 2001. Byzanz – Das Licht aus dem Osten. Kult und Alltag im Byzantinischen Reich vom 4. bis 15. Jahrhundert. [Katalog der Ausstellung im Erzbischöflichen Diözesanmuseum Paderborn] (Philip von Zabern: Mainz).Google Scholar
Stiftung Humboldt Forum im Berliner Schloss and Wolter, Bernhard (eds.). 2020. Das Humboldt Forum im Berliner Schloss (Prestel: Munich).Google Scholar
Stiftung Humboldt Forum im Berliner Schloss, Prokasky, Judith and Maaß, Mareen (eds.). 2017. Palast der Republik: Ein Erinnerungsort neu diskutiert (Humboldt Forum im Berliner Schloss: Berlin).Google Scholar
Stirling, Lea Margaret. 2005. The Learned Collector: Mythological Statuettes and Classical Taste in Late Antique Gaul (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stotz, Peter. 1998. Handbuch zur lateinischen Sprache des Mittelalters: Formenlehre, Syntax und Stilistik (Beck: Munich).Google Scholar
Stouraitis, Ioannis. 2018. ‘Byzantine Romanness: From Geopolitical to Ethnic Conceptions’, in Pohl, Walter, Gantner, Clemens, Grifoni, Cinzia and Pollheimer-Mohaupt, Marianne (eds.), Transformations of Romanness: Early Medieval Regions and Identities (De Gruyter: Berlin): 123–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Straubach, Nikolaus. 2002. ‘Signa utilia – signa inutilia. Zur Theorie gesellschaftlicher und religiöser Symbolik bei Augustinus und im Mittelalter’, in Althoff, Gerd and Meier, Christel (eds.), Frühmittelaterliche Studien. Jahrbuch des Instituts für Frühmittelalterforschung der Universität Münster (De Gruyter: Berlin, New York): 19–49.Google Scholar
Strube, Christine. 1996. ‘Zur Datierung der Baudekoration von Tebessa’, in Brenk, Beat (ed.), Innovation in der Spätantike (Reichert: Wiesbaden): 423–455.Google Scholar
Stryker, Sheldon. 1968. ‘Identity Salience and Role Performance: The Relevance of Symbolic Interaction Theory for Family Research’, Journal of Marriage and Family, 30.4: 558–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stryker, Sheldon. 2000. ‘Identity Competition: Key to Differential Social Movement Involvement’, in White, Robert (ed.), Identity: Self and Social Movements (University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis): 21–40.Google Scholar
Stryker, Sheldon, and Burke, Peter J.. 2000. ‘The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory’, Social Psychology Quarterly, 63.4: 284–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strzygowski, Josef. 1885. Ikonographie der Taufe Christi: Ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der christlichen Kunst (Theodor Riedel: Munich).Google Scholar
Sturaro, Chiara. 2013. ‘Il battesimo di Cristo nei mosaici delle cupole dei battisteri di Ravenna: una interpretazione della personificazione del Giordano’, Iconographica, 12: 9–21.Google Scholar
Talgam, Rina. 2014. Mosaics of Faith: Floors of Pagans, Jews, Samaritans, Christians, and Muslims in the Holy Land (Pennsylvania State University Press: University Park).Google Scholar
Tannous, Jack. 2018. The Making of the Medieval Middle East: Religion, Society, and Simple Believers (Princeton University Press: Princeton).Google Scholar
Tardieu, Joëlle, and Parron-Kontis, Isabelle. 2006. ‘Les mosaïques dites du “baptistère de Valence”’, in Soleil, Pascale (ed.), De mémoires de palais. Archéologie et histoire du groupe cathédral de Valence (Musée de Valence: Valence): 131–141.Google Scholar
Teichner, Felix. 1994. ‘Acerca da villa romana de Milreu/Estói. Continuidade de ocupação na época árabe’, Arqueologia Medieval, 3: 89–100.Google Scholar
Teichner, Felix. 2006. ‘“De lo Romano a lo Árabe”. La Transición del sur de la provincia de Lusitania a Al-Gharb Al-Andalus. Nuevas investigaciones en los yacimientos de Milreu y Cerro de Vila’, in Alexandra Arnau, Chavarría, Javier Arce, Martínez and Gian Pietro, Brogiolo (eds.), Villas tardoantiguas en el Mediterráneo occidental (Editorial CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: Madrid): 207–220.Google Scholar
Teichner, Felix. 2008a. Entre tierra y mar. Zwischen Land und Meer. Architektur und Wirtschaftsweise ländlicher Siedlungsplätze im Süden der römischen Provinz Lusitanien (Portugal) (Museo Nacional de Arte Romano: Mérida).Google Scholar
Teichner, Felix. 2008b. ‘La pars urbana tardorromana de la villa de Milreu (Estói, Portugal): nuevos descubrimientos y antiguos documentos’, in Fernández Ochoa, Carmen, García-Entero, Virginia and Gil Sendino, Fernando (eds.), Las villae tardorromanas en el occidente del Imperio: arquitectura y función: IV Coloquio internacional de Arqueología en Gijón (Trea: Gijón): 732–740.Google Scholar
Teichner, Felix. 2011. ‘“Nam primum tibi mater Hispania est, terris omnibus terra felicior”. Spätantike Großvillen und Residenzen auf der Iberischen Halbinsel’, in von Bülow, Gerda and Zabehlicky, Heinrich (eds.), Bruckneudorf und Gamzigrad: Spätantike Paläste und Großvillen im Donau-Balkan-Raum: Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums in Bruckneudorf vom 15. bis 18. Oktober 2008 (Habelt Verlag: Bonn): 293–308.Google Scholar
Thébert, Yvon. 1983. ‘L’évolution urbaine dans les provinces orientales de l’Afrique Romaine Tardive’, OPUS, 2: 99–130.Google Scholar
Thébert, Yvon. 2003. Thermes romains d’Afrique du Nord et leur contexte méditerranéen (École française de Rome: Rome).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, Thelma K. 2016. ‘Material Meaning in Late Antiquity’, in Thomas, Thelma K., Ball, Jennifer, and Bleiberg, Edward (eds.), Designing Identity: The Power of Textiles in Late Antiquity (Princeton University Press: Princeton).Google Scholar
Tilley, Maureen Antonio. 1997. The Bible in Christian North Africa: The Donatist World (Fortress Press: Minneapolis).Google Scholar
Tjäder, Jan-Olof. 1954–1982. Die nichtliterarischen lateinischen Papyri Italiens aus der Zeit 445-700 (Gleerup: Lund).Google Scholar
Tjäder, Jan-Olof. 1972. ‘Der Codex argenteus in Uppsala und der Buchmeister Viliaric in Ravenna’, in Hagberg, Ulf Erik (ed.), Studia Gotica. Die eisenzeitlichen Verbindungen zwischen Schweden und Südosteuropa (Almqvist & Wiksell: Stockholm): 144–164.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, John. 1991. Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction (Pinter: London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres, Cláudio. 1982. ‘Alcáçova de Mértola. História e arqueologia urbana’, Arqueologia, 6: 86–95.Google Scholar
Torres, Cláudio. 1991. Museu de Mértola. Núcleo do Castelo (Campo arqueológico de Mértola: Mértola).Google Scholar
Torres, Cláudio. 1998. ‘O Guadiana – Envolvimento histórico’, Odiana, CCR Algarve: 8–12.Google Scholar
Torres, Cláudio. 2015. ‘From Early Christianity to Islam’, in Gómez-Martínez, Susana, Macias, Santiago and Lopes, Virgilio (eds.), O sudoeste peninsular entre Roma e o Islão = Southwestern Iberian Peninsula Between Rome and Islam (Campo arqueológico de Mértola: Mértola): 361–363.Google Scholar
Toutain, Jules. 1926. ‘Les cultes des fleuves, sa forme primitive et ses principaux rites, chez les peuples de l’antiquité classique’, L’ethnographie, 13–14: 1–7.Google Scholar
Toynbee, Jocelyn Mary Catherine. 1964. ‘A New Roman Mosaic Pavement found in Dorset’, The Journal of Roman Studies, 54.1–2: 7–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trombley, Frank R. 1993–1994. Hellenic Religion and Christianization c. 370–529 (Brill: Leiden).Google Scholar
Tsushima, Teresa, and Burke, Peter J.. 1999. ‘Levels, Agency, and Control in the Parent Identity’, Social Psychology Quarterly, 62: 173–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, Ralph Herbert. 1978. ‘The Role and the Person’, American Journal of Archaeology, 84.1: 1–23.Google Scholar
Uehlinger, Christoph. 2021. ‘Material Religion in Comparative Perspective: How Different is BCE from CE?’ in Elsner, Jaś and Wood, Rachel (eds.), Imagining the Divine (British Museum Press: London): 155–169.Google Scholar
Uehlinger, Christoph. 2015. ‘Approaches to Visual Culture and Religion. Disciplinary Trajectories, Interdisciplinary Connections, and some Suggestions for further Progress’, Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, 27: 384–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulbert, Thilo. 1978. Frühchristliche Basiliken mit Doppelapsiden auf der Iberischen Halbinsel: Studien zur Architektur- und Liturgiegeschichte (Mann: Berlin).Google Scholar
Uytterhoeven, Inge. 2009. ‘Know Your Classics! Manifestations of Classical Culture in Late Antique Elite Houses’, in van Nuffelen, Peter (ed.), Faces of Hellenism: Studies in the History of the Eastern Mediterranean (4th Century B.C.-5th Century A.D.) (Peeters: Leuven): 321–342.Google Scholar
Vásquez, Manuel A. 2011. More than Belief: A Materialist Theory of Religion (Oxford University Press: Oxford).Google Scholar
Verhoeven, Mariette 2011. The Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna: Transformations and Memory (Brepols: Turnhout).Google Scholar
Versluys, Miguel John. 2015. ‘Roman Visual Material Culture as Globalising Koine’, in Pitts, Martin and Versluys, Miguel John (eds.), Globalisation and the Roman World: World History, Connectivity and Material Culture (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, New York): 141–174.Google Scholar
Versluys, Miguel John. 2008. ‘Exploring Identities in the Phoenician, Hellenistic and Roman East’, Bibliotheca Orientalis, 65.3: 342–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viciano i Vives, Albert. 2017. ‘Teologia baptismal en les controvèrsies amb el donatisme i l’arrianisme (segles IV-VII)’, in de Heredia Bercero, Julia Beltrán and Godoy Fernández, Cristina (eds.), La dualitat de baptisteris en les ciutats episcopals del cristianisme tardoantic (Ateneu Universitari Sant Pacià: Barcelona): 199–211.Google Scholar
Vigne, Daniel. 1992. Christ au Jourdain: le baptême de Jésus dans la tradition judéo-chrétienne (Gabalda: Paris).Google Scholar
Vives, José, Martínez, Tomás Marín, and Díez, Gonzalo Martínez. 1963. Concilios visigóticos e hispano-romanos (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Enrique Flórez: Barcelona, Madrid).Google Scholar
Volbach, Wolfgang Fritz. 1952. Elfenbeinarbeiten der Spätantike und des frühen Mittelalters (Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums: Mainz).Google Scholar
Vollkommer, Rainer. 1981–2009. ‘Iordanes’, in Ackermann, Hans Christoph and Gisler, Jean-Robert (eds.), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Artemis: Zurich): 658–661.Google Scholar
Voss Roberts, Michelle. 2010. ‘Religious Belonging and the Multiple’, Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 26: 43–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward-Perkins, Bryan. 2005. The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford University Press: Oxford).Google Scholar
Ward-Perkins, Bryan. 2007. ‘Where Is the Archaeology and Iconography of Germanic Arianism?’ in Gwynn, David M. and Bangert, Susanne (eds.), Religious Diversity in Late Antiquity (Brill: Leiden, Boston): 265–289.Google Scholar
Waser, Otto. 1919. ‘Vom Flussgott Jordan und anderen Personifikationen’, in Hermann, Eduard (ed.), Festgabe Adolf Kaegi (Huber: Frauenfeld): 191–217.Google Scholar
Waszink, Jan Hendrik. 1947. ‘Pompa diaboli’, Vigiliae Christianae, 1.1: 13–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, Jane. 2001. ‘Creolizing the Roman Provinces’, American Journal of Archaeology, 105.2: 209–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wefing, Heinrich. 2010. ‘Der Palast der Republik’, in Sabrow, Martin (ed.), Erinnerungsorte der DDR (Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung: Bonn): 134–141.Google Scholar
Weigel, Thomas. 1999. ‘53’, in Gerchow, Jan (ed.), Klosterwelt Werden 799-1803: Das Jahrtausend der Mönche (Ruhrlandmuseum Essen: Cologne): 357–359.Google Scholar
Weinryb, Ittai. 2002. ‘A Take of Two Baptisteries: Royal and Ecclesiastical Patronage in Ravenna’, Asaph: Studies in Art History, 7: 41–58.Google Scholar
Weiss, Corinna. 1981. ‘Fluvii’, in Ackermann, Hans Christoph and Gisler, Jean-Robert (eds.), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Artemis: Zurich): 139–148.Google Scholar
Weitzmann, Kurt. 1960. ‘The Survival of Mythological Representations in Early Christian and Byzantine Art and their Impact on Christian Iconography’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 14: 43–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whalin, Douglas. 2021. Roman Identity from the Arab Conquests to the Triumph of Orthodoxy (Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke).Google Scholar
Wharton, Annabel Jane. 1987. ‘Ritual and Reconstructed Meaning: The Neonian Baptistery in Ravenna’, Art Bulletin, 69.3: 358–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wharton, Annabel Jane. 1995. Refiguring the Post Classical City: Dura Europos, Jerash, Jerusalem and Ravenna (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).Google Scholar
Whelan, Robin. 2018. Being Christian in Vandal Africa: The Politics of Orthodoxy in the Post-Imperial West (University of California Press: Oakland).Google Scholar
Wickham, Chris. 2005. Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800 (Oxford University Press: Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickham, Chris. 2009. The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 (Allen Lane: London).Google Scholar
Wiemer, Hans-Ulrich. 2018. Theoderich der Große. König der Goten – Herrscher der Römer (Beck: Munich).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, Paul. 1999. ‘VII.37’, in Stiegemann, Christoph and Wemhoff, Matthias (eds.), 799 – Kunst und Kultur der Karolingerzeit: Karl der Große und Papst Leo III. in Paderborn [Eine gemeinsame Ausstellung der Stadt Paderborn, des Erzbistums Paderborn und des Landschaftsverbandes Westfalen-Lippe vom 23. Juli-1. November 1999] (Philipp von Zabern: Mainz).Google Scholar
Wisskirchen, Rotraut. 1993. ‘Zum Medaillon im Kuppelmosaik des Orthodoxenbaptisteriums’, Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum, 36: 164–170.Google Scholar
Wood, Ian. 2007. ‘Theoderic’s Monuments in Ravenna’, in Barnish, Sam J. and Marazzi, Federico (eds.), The Ostrogoths from the Migration Period to the Sixth Century: An Ethnographic Perspective (Boydell Press: Woodbridge): 249–262.Google Scholar
Wood, Jamie. 2012. The Politics of Identity in Visigothic Spain: Religion and Power in the Histories of Isidore of Seville (Brill: Leiden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolf, Greg. 1998. Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolf, Greg. 2015. ‘Ritual Traditions of Non-Mediterranean Europe’, in Raja, Rubina and Rüpke, Jörg (eds.), A Companion to the Archaeology of Religion in the Ancient World (Wiley Blackwell: Chichester): 465–477.Google Scholar
Yacoub, Mohamed. 1994. ‘La mosaïque de Lahmimine et le thème africain des chevaux de cirque affrontés’, in Darmon, Jean-Pierre and Rebourg, Alain (eds.), La Mosaïque Gréco-Romaine IV: IVe Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque antique (Supplément au Bulletin de l’A.I.E.M.A.: Paris): 249–257.Google Scholar
Yacoub, Mohamed. 1995. Splendeurs des Mosaïques de Tunisie (Agence nationale du patrimoine: Tunis).Google Scholar
Yacoub, Mohamed. 1996. Le musée du Bardo (Éditions de l’agence nationale du patrimoine: Tunis).Google Scholar
Yasin, Ann Marie. 2009. Saints and Church Spaces in the Late Antique Mediterranean: Architecture, Cult, and Community (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, New York).Google Scholar
Yasin, Ann Marie. 2016. ‘Beyond Spolia. Architectural Memory and Adaptation in the Churches of Late Antique North Africa’, in Stevens, Susan T. and Conant, Jonathan (eds.), North Africa under Byzantium and Early Islam (Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection: Washington, DC): 215–236.Google Scholar
Zaleski, John. 2014. ‘Religion and Roman Spectacle’, in Christesen, Paul and Kyle, Donald G. (eds.), A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity (Wiley Blackwell: Chichester): 590–602.Google Scholar
Zanker, Paul, and Ewald, Björn Christian. 2004. Mit Mythen leben: die Bilderwelt der Römischen Sarkophage (Hirmer: Munich).Google Scholar
Zimmermann, Norbert, and Öhler, Markus (eds.). 2017. ‘Sacra Privata: Domestic Religion in Greco-Roman Antiquity and Early Christianity’, Archiv Für Religionsgeschichte, 18–19.1: 3–263.Google Scholar
Estácio da Veiga, Sebastião Philippes Martins. 1878. ’Catálogo dos monumentos e objectos de arte antiga, descobertos e obtidos no reconhecimento das antiguidades do distrito de Faro, feito desde março de 1877 até outubro de 1878, para o levantamento da Carta Archeologica do Algarve em virtude da portaria de 15 de janeiro de 1877 por S. P. M. Estácio da Veiga’, Archive of the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Lisbon.Google Scholar
Estácio da Veiga, Sebastião Philippes Martins. 1885. ‘Inventário do Museu Archeologico do Algarve fundado em 1880 na Academia Real de Bellas Artes de Lisboa por Sebastião Philippes Martins Estácio da Veiga’, Archive of the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Lisbon.Google Scholar
Estácio da Veiga, Sebastião Philippes Martins. 1878. ’Catálogo dos monumentos e objectos de arte antiga, descobertos e obtidos no reconhecimento das antiguidades do distrito de Faro, feito desde março de 1877 até outubro de 1878, para o levantamento da Carta Archeologica do Algarve em virtude da portaria de 15 de janeiro de 1877 por S. P. M. Estácio da Veiga’, Archive of the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Lisbon.Google Scholar
Estácio da Veiga, Sebastião Philippes Martins. 1885. ‘Inventário do Museu Archeologico do Algarve fundado em 1880 na Academia Real de Bellas Artes de Lisboa por Sebastião Philippes Martins Estácio da Veiga’, Archive of the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Lisbon.Google Scholar