Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T01:38:46.974Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

17 - The Ballgame, Boxing and Ritual Blood Sport in Ancient Mesoamerica

from Part III - The Ritual in the Game, the Game in the Ritual

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2017

By
Karl Taube
Edited by
Colin Renfrew ,
Iain Morley  and
Michael Boyd
Colin Renfrew
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Iain Morley
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Michael Boyd
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Ritual, Play and Belief, in Evolution and Early Human Societies , pp. 264 - 301
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aguilar, G. C. & Mendoza, V. M. C., 2007. Los señores de Zazacatla, Morelos. Arqueología mexicana 15(85): 16–19.Google Scholar
Aguilar, G. C. & Mendoza, V. M. C., 2010. Zazacatla in the framework of Olmec Mesoamerica. In The Place of Stone Monuments: Context, Use and Meaning in Mesoamerica’s Preclassic Transition, Guernsey, J., Clark, J. E. & Arroyo, B., eds., 77–95. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Anderson, D., 2012. The origins of the Mesoamerican ballgame: a new perspective from the northern Maya lowlands. In The Ancient Maya of Mexico, Braswell, G. E., ed., 43–64. Sheffield: Equinox.Google Scholar
Ballensky, T., 2012. Secret of Condoy: discovering Oaxaca’s ancient mud sculptures. NSS News, September: 6–13.Google Scholar
Baudez, C.-F., 2011. Las batallas rituales en Mesoamérica: Parte 1. Arqueología Mexicana 19(112): 20–9.Google Scholar
Baudez, C.-F., 2012. Las batallas rituales en Mesoamérica: Parte 2. Arqueología Mexicana 19(113): 18–29.Google Scholar
Bernal, I., 1968. The ball players of Dainzú. Archaeology 21: 246–51.Google Scholar
Bernal, I., 1969. Stone reliefs in the Dainzú area. In The Iconography of Middle American Sculpture, 13–23. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.Google Scholar
Bernal, I. & Seuffert, A., 1979. The Ballplayers of Dainzú. Akademische Druck, u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.Google Scholar
Bierhorst, J., 1992. History and Mythology of the Aztecs: The Codex Chimalpopoca. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, M., 2011. Building history in domestic and public space at Paso de la Amada: an examination of Mounds 6 and 7. In Early Mesoamerican Social Transformations: Archaic and Formative Lifeways in the Soconosco Region, Lesure, R., ed., 97–118. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Borhegyi, S. F. de, 1980. The pre-Columbian ballgames: a pan-Mesoamerican tradition. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Anthropology and History 1.Google Scholar
Bradley, D. E., 1991. A power player: the iconography of rulership and fertility on a Tlapacoya ballplayer. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, van Bussel, G. W., van Dongen, P. L. F. & Leyenaar, T. J. J., eds., 161–70. Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden.Google Scholar
Bradley, D. E., & Joralemon, P. D., 1993. The Lords of Life: The Iconography of Power and Fertility in Preclassic Mesoamerica. The Snite Museum of Art, Notre Dame.Google Scholar
Burkitt, R., 1930. Explorations of the highlands of western Guatemala. The Museum Journal 21(1): 41–72.Google Scholar
Calles Travieso, R., 1994. Atlzatzilistli: Las ceremonias de petición de agua en Acatlán de Alvarez, Guerrero. In Rituales agrícolas y otras costumbres guerrerenses (siglos XVI-XX), Alonso, M. Matías, ed., 99–107. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Castañeda López, C., 2008 Plazuelas, Guanajuato. Arqueología Mexicana 16(92): 44–7.Google Scholar
Cheetham, D., 2009. Early Olmec figurines from two regions: style as cultural imperative. In Mesoamerican Figurines: Small Scale Indices Large Scale Phenomena, Halperin, C., Faust, K., Taube, R. & Giguet, A., eds., 149–79. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Chinchilla Mazariegos, O., 2009. Games, courts and players at Cotzumalhuapa, Guatemala. In Blood and Beauty: Organized Violence in the Art and Archaeology of Mesoamerica and Central America, Orr, H. & Koontz, R., eds., 139–60. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Coe, M. D., 1965a. The Jaguar’s Children: Pre-Classic Central Mexico. Museum of Primitive Art, New York.Google Scholar
Coe, M. D., 1965b. The Olmec style and its distributions. In Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. 3, Wauchope, R., gen. ed., 739–75. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Coe, M. D. & Diehl, R. A., 1980. In the Land of the Olmec: The Archaeology of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, 2 vols. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Coe, M. D., & Koontz, R., 2008. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. Thames & Hudson, London.Google Scholar
Coe, M. D. & Whittaker, G., 1982. Aztec Sorcerers in Seventeenth Century Mexico: The Treatise on Superstitions by Hernando Ruiz de Alarcón. Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York at Albany, Albany.Google Scholar
Covarrubias, M., 1942. Origen y desarrollo del estilo artístico ‘Olmeca’. In Mayas y Olmecas: Segunda Reunión de Mesa Redonda Sobre Problemas Antropológicos de México y Centro América: 46–9, Tuxtla Gutiérrez.Google Scholar
Covarrubias, M., 1946. El arte Olmeca o de La Venta. Cuadernos Americanos 4: 154–79.Google Scholar
Covarrubias, M., 1957. Indian Art of Mexico and Central America, Knopf, Alfred A., New York.Google Scholar
Culin, S., 1907. Games of the North American Indians. Twenty-Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Cyphers Guillén, A., 1994. San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan. In Los Olmecas en Mesoamérica, Clark, John ed., 43–67. El Equilibrista, Mexico City.Google Scholar
de Jong, H. J., 1999. The Land of Corn and Honey: The Keeping of Stingless Bees (Meliponiculture) in the Ethno-Ecological Environment of Yucatán (Mexico) and El Salvador. Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University, Utrecht.Google Scholar
Delhalle, J.-C. & Luykx, A., 1986. The Nahuatl myth of the creation of mankind: a coastal connection? American Antiquity 51(1): 117–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Días Vásquez, R., 2003. El ritual de la lluvia en la tierra de los hombres tigre: Cambio sociocultural en una comunidad náhuatl (Acatlán, Guerrero, 1998–1999). Conaculta, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Dunkelman, A., 2007. The J. Kislak Collection at the Library of Congress. Library of Congress, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Finamore, D. & Houston, S. D., 2010. Fiery Pool: The Maya and the Mythic Sea. Peabody Essex Museum, Salem.Google Scholar
Furst, P. T., 1968. The Olmec were-jaguar motif in the light of ethnographic reality. In Dumbarton Oaks Conference on the Olmec, Benson, E. P., ed., 143–74. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Fox, J. W., 1991. The lords of light versus the lords of dark: the Postclassic highland ballgame. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Scarborough, V. L. & Wilcox, D. R., eds., 213–38. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
García Cook, A., & Merino Carrión, B. L., 1998. Cantona: Urbe prehispánica en el altiplano central de México. In Latin American Antiquity 9(3): 191–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garibay, A. M., 1979. Teogonia e historia de los Mexicanos: Tres opúsculos del siglo XVI, 3rd ed., Editorial Porrua, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Gillespie, S. D., 2000. The monuments of Laguna de los Cerros and its hinterland. In Olmec Art and Archaeology: Social Complexity in the Formative Period, Clark, J. E. & Pye, M., eds., 94–115. Studies in the History of Art, vol. 58. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
González, C. O. L., Córdova, T. M. & Buitrago, S. G., 2011. El Monumento 41 o Triada de los Felinos, Chalcatzingo, Morelos. Arqueología Mexicana 19(111): 18–23.Google Scholar
Grove, D. C., 1970. The Olmec Paintings of Oxtotitlan Cave, Guerrero, Mexico. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 6. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Grove, D. C., 1984. Chalcatzingo: Excavations on the Olmec Frontier. Thames and Hudson, London and New York.Google Scholar
Grove, D. C., 1987. ‘Torches’, ‘knuckle dusters’ and the legitimization of Formative period rulership. Mexicon 9: 60–5.Google Scholar
Grube, N., Lacadena, A. & Martin, S., 2003. Chichen Itzá and Ek’ Balam: Terminal Classic Inscriptions from Yucatan: The Proceedings of the Maya Hieroglyphic Workshop, Wanyerka, P., ed., University of Texas at Austin, Austin.Google Scholar
Guthrie, J. (editor), 1995. The Olmec World: Ritual and Rulership. The Art Museum, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Hammond, N., 1976. A Classic Maya ball game vase. In Problems in Economic and Social Archaeology, Sieveking, G. de G., Longworth, I. W. & Wilson, K. E., eds., 101–8. Gerald Duckworth and Company, London.Google Scholar
Houston, S. D., 1998. Classic Maya depictions of the built environment. In Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture, Houston, S., ed., 353–72. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ichon, A., 1988. Le Peuplement Préhispanique. In La Vallee Moyenne du Rio Chixoy (Guatemala): Occupation Préhispanique et Problèmes Actuels. Ichon, A., Douzan-Rosenfeld, D. & Usselmann, P., eds., 53–195. Editorial Piedra Santa, Guatemala.Google Scholar
Joyce, T. A., 1933. The pottery whistle-figurines of Lubaantun. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 63: 15–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kampen, M. E., 1972. The Sculptures of El Tajín, Veracruz, Mexico. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Kerr, J., 1992. The Maya Vase Book, vol. 3. Kerr Associates, New York City.Google Scholar
Klein, C. F., 1987. The Ideology of Autosacrifice at the Templo Mayor. In The Aztec Templo Mayor, E. H. Boone, ed.: 293–370. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Koontz, R., 2009. Lightning Gods and Feathered Serpents: The Public Sculpture of El Tajín. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Kowalewski, S. A., Feinman, G. M., Finsten, L. & Blanton, R. E., 1991. Pre-Hispanic ballcourts from the Valley of Mexico. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Scarborough, V. L. & Wilcox, D. R., eds., 25–44. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubler, G., 1962. The Art and Architecture of Ancient America. Penguin Books, Middlesex.Google Scholar
Lekson, S. H., 2008. A History of the Ancient Southwest. School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
López, R. A., 1981. Judas of the Napuchi Tarahumaras. In Semana Santa in the Sierra Tarahumara: A Comparative Study in Three Communities, Kennedy, J. G. & López, R. A., authors, 65–77. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Cultural History, No. 4. University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Martínez Donjuán, G., 1994. Los Olmecas en el estado de Guerrero. In Los Olmecas en Mesoamérica, Clark, J., ed., 143–63. El Equilibrista, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Martínez Donjuán, G., 2010. Sculpture from Teopantecuanitlan, Guerrero. In The Place of Stone Monuments: Context, Use and Meaning in Mesoamerica’s Preclassic Transition, Guernsey, J., Clark, J. E. & Arroyo, B., eds., 55–76. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Matías Alonso, M., 1997. La agricultura indígena en la Montaña de Guerrero. Plaza y Valdés, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Miller, A., 1995. The Painted Tombs of Oaxaca, Mexico: Living with the Dead. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Navarrete, C., Lee, T. A. Jr. & Silva Rhoads, C., 1993. Un catálogo de frontera: Esculturas, petroglifos y pinturas de la regíon media de Grivalva, Chiapas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Nicholson, H. B. & Quiñones Keber, E., 1991. Ballcourt images in central Mexican native tradition pictorial manuscripts. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, van Bussel, G. W., van Dongen, P. L. F. & Leyenaar, T. J. J., eds., 119–33. Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden.Google Scholar
Niederberger Betton, C., 1987. Paleopaysages et Archeologie Pre-urbaine du Bassin de Mexico, 2 vols. Centre d’Etudes Mexicaines et Centramericaines, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Obregón Téllez, J. & Martínez Resclavo, M., 1991. La montaña de Guerrero: Economía, historia y sociedad. Instituto Nacional Indigenista, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Olivera, M., 1994. Huemitl de Mayo en Zitlala: Ofrenda para Chicomecóatl o para la Santa Cruz? In Rituales agrícolas y otras costumbres guerrerenses (siglos XVI-XX), Alonso, M. Matías, ed., 83–97. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Orr, H., 1997. Power Games in the Late Formative Valley of Oaxaca: The Ballplayer Carvings at Dainzú. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Orr, H, 2003. Stone balls and masked men: ballgame as combat ritual, Dainzú, Oaxaca. Ancient America 5:73–104. Center for Ancient American Studies, Barnardsville.Google Scholar
Orr, H. & Koonst, R., 2009. Blood and Beauty: Organized Violence in the Art and Archaeology of Mesoamerica and Central America, The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortíz, P. & del Carmen Rodríguez, M., 1994 Los espacios sagrados Olmecas: El Manatí, un caso especial. In Los Olmecas en Mesomamérica, Clark, J. E., ed., 69–91. El Equilibrista, Mexico City and Turner Libros, Madrid.Google Scholar
Ortíz, P. & del Carmen Rodríguez, M., 1999. Olmec ritual behavior at El Manatí: A sacred space. In Social Patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica, Grove, D. C. & Joyce, R. A., eds., 225–54. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ortíz, P. & del Carmen Rodríguez, M., 2000. The sacred hill of El Manatí: A preliminary discussion of the site’s ritual paraphernalia. In Olmec Art and Archaeology: Social Complexity in the Formative Period, Clark, J. E. & Pye, M., eds., 297–337. Studies in the History of Art, vol. 58. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Oudijk, M. R., 2011. Elaboration and abbreviation in Mexican pictorial manuscripts. In Their Way of Writing: Scripts, Signs, and Pictographies in Pre-Columbian America, Boone, E. H. & Urton, G., eds., 149–74. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Recinos, R., 1950. Popol Vuh: The Sacred Book of the Ancient Quiché Maya. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Reilly, F. K., III, 1994. Cosmología, soberanismo y espacio ritual en la Mesoamérica del Formativo. In Los Olmecas en Mesoamérica, Clark, J., ed., 238–59. El Equilibrista, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Reilly, F. K., III, 1999. Mountains of creation and underworld portals: the ritual function of Olmec architecture at La Venta, Tabasco. In Mesoamerican Architecture as Cultural Symbol, Kowalski, J. K. ed., 14–39. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Robinson, E. J., 2014. The other Late Classic Maya: regionalization, defence, and boundaries in the central Guatemalan highlands. In The Maya and Their Central American Neighbors: Settlement Patterns, Architecture, Hieroglyphic Texts, and Ceramics, Braswell, G. E., ed., 150–74. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Sabloff, J. A., 1998. Ancient Maya civilization in space and time. In Maya, Schmidt, P., Garza, M. de la & Nalda, E., eds., 52–71. Rizzoli, New York.Google Scholar
Sahagún, F. B. de, 1950–82. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. Anderson, A. J. O. & Dibble, C. E., trans. The School of American Research, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Salazar Otregón, P., 1952 El tzompantli de Chichén Itzá, Yucatán. Tlatoani 5(4): 36–41.Google Scholar
Sánchez Andraka, H., 1983. Zitlala: Por el mágico mundo indígena guerrerense. Costa-Amic Editores, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Schaafsma, P. & Taube, K., 2006. Bringing the rain: an ideology of rain making in the Pueblo Southwest and Mesoamerica. In A Pre-Columbian World: Searching for a Unitary Vision of Ancient America, Quilter, J. & Miller, M., eds., 231–85. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Schele, L. & Freidel, D. A., 1991. The courts of creation: ballcourts, ballgames and portals to the Maya otherworld. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Scarborough, V. L. & Wilcox, D. R., eds., 289–315. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seler, E., 1902–23. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach- und Altertumskunde, 5 vols. Ascher & Co., Berlin.Google Scholar
Sellen, A. T., 2002. Storm-god impersonators from ancient Oaxaca. Ancient Mesoamerica 13: 3–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. L., 1961. Types of ball courts in the highlands of Guatemala. In Essays in Pre-Colombian Art and Archaeology, Lothrop, S. K., ed., 126–51. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Smith, A. L., 1965. Architecture of the Guatemalan highlands. In Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. 2, Wauchope, R., gen. ed., 76–94. University of Texas Press, Austin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, T., 1949. The Rubber-Ball Games of the Americas. Monographs of the American Ethological Society 17.Google Scholar
Stirling, M. W., 1955. Stone Monuments of the Río Chiquito. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 157. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Stone, A., 2002. Spirals, ropes and feathers: the iconography of rubber balls in Mesoamerican art. Ancient Mesoamerica 13(1): 21–39.Google Scholar
Stuart, D., 2010. Shining stones: observations on the ritual meaning of early Maya stelae. In The Place of Stone Monuments: Context, Use and Meaning in Mesoamerica’s Preclassic Transition, Guernsey, J., Clark, J. E. & Arroyo, B., eds., 283–98. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Stuart, D., 2012. Notes on a new text from La Corona. Maya Decipherment: A Weblog on the Ancient Maya Script (Decipherment.wordpress.com/…/notes-on-a-new-text-from-la-corona, posted June 30, 2012).Google Scholar
Taladoire, E., 2001. The architectural background of the pre-Hispanic ballgame: an evolutionary perspective. In The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Wittington, E. M., ed., 96–115. Thames and Hudson, London and New York.Google Scholar
Taladoire, E., 2012. Las representaciones bi y tri-dimensionales de juegos de pelota en Mesoamérica. Arqueología Mexicana 29: 18–27.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A., 1986. The Teotihuacan cave of origin: the iconography and architecture of emergence mythology in Mesoamerica and the American Southwest. Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics 12: 51–82.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A., 1992. Uses of sport, book review of The Mesoamerican Ballgame by Scarborough, V. and Wilcox, D. R., Science 256: 1064–5.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A., 1993. Aztec and Maya Myths. British Museum Press, London.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A., 1994. The iconography of Toltec period Chichen Itza. In Hidden among the Hills: Maya Archaeology of the Northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Prem, H. J., ed., 212–46. Acta Mesoamericana 7, Verlag von Flemming, Möckmühl.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A., 1995. The rainmakers: the Olmec and their contribution to Mesoamerican belief and ritual. In The Olmec World, Ritual and Rulership, Guthrie, G., ed: 82–103. The Art Museum, Princeton University.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A., 2004. Olmec Art at Dumbarton Oaks. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A., 2005. Representaciones del paraíso en el arte cerámico del Clásico Temprano de Escuintla, Guatemala. In Iconografía y escritura teotihuacana en la costa sur de Guatemala y Chiapas, Chinchilla, O. & Arroyo, B., eds., 33–54. U tz’ib, Serie Reportes, Vol. 1, No. 5: Asociación Tikal, Guatemala City.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A., 2009. El dios de la lluvia Olmeca. Arqueología Mexicana 16(96): 26–9.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A. & Taube, R. B., 2009. The beautiful, the bad, and the ugly: aesthetics and morality in Maya figurines. In Mesoamerican Figurines: Small Scale Indices Large Scale Phenomena, Halperin, C., Faust, K., Taube, R. & Giguet, A., eds., 236–58. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Taube, K., & Zender, M., 2009. American gladiators: ritual boxing in ancient Mesoamerica. In Blood and Beauty: Organized Violence in the Art and Archaeology of Mesoamerica and Central America, Orr, H. & Koontz, R., eds., 161–220. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tezozomoc, H. A., 1944. Crónica mexicana. Editorial Leyenda, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. E. S., 1970. Maya History and Religion. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Uriarte, M. T., 2001. Unity in duality: the practice and symbols of the Mesoamerican ballgame. In The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Wittington, E. M., ed., 40–59. Thames and Hudson, London and New York.Google Scholar
Weiant, C. W., 1943. An Introduction to the Ceramics of Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 139. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Whittington, E. M., ed., 2001. The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Thames and Hudson, London and New York.Google Scholar
Wilcox, D. R., 1991. The Mesoamerican ballgame in the American Southwest. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Scarborough, V. L. & Wilcox, D. R., eds., 101–25. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Wren, L., Schmidt, P. & Krochock, R., 1989. The Great Ball Court Stone at Chichén Itzá. Research Reports on Ancient Maya Writing 25.Google Scholar
Zolrich, Z., 2008. Fighting with jaguars, bleeding for rain. Archaeology 61(6): 46–52.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×