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4 - Cell migration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2009

By
Leanne Godinho  and
Brian Link
Edited by
Evelyne Sernagor ,
Stephen Eglen ,
Bill Harris  and
Rachel Wong
Leanne Godinho
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Brian Link
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
Evelyne Sernagor
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle upon Tyne
Stephen Eglen
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Bill Harris
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Rachel Wong
Affiliation:
Washington University, St Louis
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Summary

Introduction

Like most parts of the CNS, retinal cells are generated some distance from where they will ultimately reside. Migration to the correct place at the right time is vital for their ability to make appropriate synaptic connections and function normally. Understanding how each of the seven retinal cell types migrate to their appropriate layer is critical to understanding how this CNS structure becomes organized during development.

The entire retinal neuroepithelium is a proliferative zone early in development. Retinal neuroepithelial cells with cytoplasmic processes that extend from the outer limiting membrane (OLM) to the inner limiting membrane (ILM) engage in interkinetic nuclear migration, a process by which their nuclei migrate within the cytoplasm, undergoing different phases of the cell cycle at different depths within the neuroepithelium (see Chapter 3). Thus, neuroepithelial cells in S-phase have their nuclei positioned near the ILM, and they enter M-phase at the OLM. Consequently, following a final mitotic divison, when cells leave the cell cycle they do so adjacent to the OLM. Newborn postmitotic cells therefore need to migrate varying distances to take up residence in one of the three prospective cellular layers. Cells destined for the ganglion cell layer (GCL), for example, have comparatively longer distances to travel than rod and cone photoreceptors. Birthdating studies in diverse species have shown that the first cohort of cells to become postmitotic are ganglion cells (Prada et al., 1991; Rapaport et al., 1996, 2004; Hu and Easter, 1999) (see Chapter 3).

Type
Chapter
Information
Retinal Development , pp. 59 - 74
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Cell migration
    • By Leanne Godinho, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Brian Link, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
  • Edited by Evelyne Sernagor, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Stephen Eglen, University of Cambridge, Bill Harris, University of Cambridge, Rachel Wong, Washington University, St Louis
  • Book: Retinal Development
  • Online publication: 22 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541629.006
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  • Cell migration
    • By Leanne Godinho, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Brian Link, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
  • Edited by Evelyne Sernagor, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Stephen Eglen, University of Cambridge, Bill Harris, University of Cambridge, Rachel Wong, Washington University, St Louis
  • Book: Retinal Development
  • Online publication: 22 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541629.006
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  • Cell migration
    • By Leanne Godinho, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Brian Link, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
  • Edited by Evelyne Sernagor, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Stephen Eglen, University of Cambridge, Bill Harris, University of Cambridge, Rachel Wong, Washington University, St Louis
  • Book: Retinal Development
  • Online publication: 22 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541629.006
Available formats
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