Cunningham, Maura Elizabeth. “Shanghai’s Wandering Ones: Child Welfare in a Global City, 1900–1953.” PhD diss., University of California, Irvine, 2014.Google Scholar

David, Mirela. “Free Love, Marriage, and Eugenics: Global and Local Debates on Sex, Birth Control, Venereal Disease and Population in 1920s–1930s China.” PhD diss., New York University, 2014.Google Scholar

Huo, Xuanji 霍炫吉. “Dayuejin zhihou de jihua shengyu, 1962–1966” 大跃进之后的计划生育 (Family Planning Policy after the Great Leap Forward, 1962–1966). Master’s thesis, Nanjing University, 2015.Google Scholar

Ma, Ling. “Gender, Law, and Society: Abortion in Early Twentieth Century China.” PhD diss., State University of New York, Buffalo, 2016.Google Scholar

Yu, Lianshi 俞莲实. “Minguo shiqi chengshi shengyu jiezhi yundong de yanjiu: Yi Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing wei zhongdian” 民国时期城市生育节制运动的研究—以北京，上海，南京为重点 (The Birth Control Movement in Republican Cities: A Focus on Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing). PhD diss., Fudan University, 2008.Google Scholar

“A Women’s Health Class in 1955.” Everyday Life in Maoist China. https://everydaylifeinmaoschina.wordpress.com/2015/10/02/a-womens-health-class-in-1955/ (accessed June 1, 2018).Google Scholar

Abkowitz, Alyssa. “More and More Chinese People Are Having Pre-marital Sex.” Wall Street Journal, April 16, 2015. https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2015/04/16/more-and-more-chinese-people-are-having-pre-marital-sex/.Google Scholar

Achan, Jane et al. “Quinine, an Old Anti-Malarial Drug in a Modern World: Role in the Treatment of Malaria.” Malaria Journal 10, no. 144 (2011): 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aird, John Shields. Slaughter of the Innocents: Coercive Birth Control in China. Washington, DC: AEI Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Almond, Douglas, Lin, Hongbin, and Zhang, Shuang. “Land Reform and Sex Selection in China.” National Bureau of Economic Research, last modified November 2017. www.nber.org/papers/w19153.pdf.Google Scholar

Altehenger, Jennifer. Legal Lessons: Popularizing Laws in the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1989. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Anagnost, Ann. “Family Violence and Magical Violence: The Woman as Victim in China’s One-Child Family Policy.” Women and Language 11, no. 2 (1988): 16–22.Google Scholar

Andrews, Bridie. The Making of Modern Chinese Medicine, 1850–1960. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Aresu, Alessandra. “Sex Education in Modern and Contemporary China: Interrupted Debates across the Last Century.” International Journal of Educational Development 29, no. 5 (2009): 532–541.Google Scholar

Avdeev, Alexandre, Blum, Alain, and Troitskaya, Irina. “The History of Abortion Statistics in Russia and the USSR from 1900 to 1991.” Population (English Edition) 7 (1995): 39–66.Google Scholar

Bai, Ge 白戈. 1966–1976: Zhongguo baixing shenghuo shilu 1966–1976 中国百姓生活 实录(1966–1976: Record of the Life of China’s Ordinary People). Beijing: Jingguan jiaoyu chubanshe, 1993.Google Scholar

Banister, Judith. China’s Changing Population. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Baum, Emily. “Health by the Bottle: The Dr. Williams’ Medicine Company and the Commodification of Well-Being.” In Liangyou, Kaleidoscopic Modernity and the Shanghai Global Metropolis, 1926–1945, edited by Pickowicz, Paul G., Shen, Kuiyi, and Zhang, Yingjin. Leiden: Brill, 2013.Google Scholar

Baum, Emily. “Healthy Minds, Compliant Citizens: The Politics of ‘Mental Hygiene’ in Republican China, 1928–1937.” Twentieth-Century China 42, no. 3 (2017): 215–233.Google Scholar

Baum, Emily. The Invention of Madness: State, Society, and the Insane in Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

“Beijing you bushao jiguan ganbu yaoqiu biyun he rengong liuchan” 北京有不少机关干部要求 避孕和人工流产 (Many Government Officials in Beijing Demand Birth Control and Abortion). Neibu cankao 内部参考 (1955).Google Scholar

Beijingshi gonggong weishengju weisheng jiaoyusuo yu beijingshi kexue jishu puji xiehui 北京 市公共卫生局卫生教育所与北京市科学技术普及协会 (Hygiene Education Institute of the Beijing Public Hygiene Bureau and Beijing Science and Technology Popularization Association). Nongcun jihua shengyu huace 农村计划生育画册 (Rural Birth Planning Album) Beijing: Beijing chubanshe, 1958.Google Scholar

Bonnin, Michel. The Lost Generation: The Rustification of China’s Educated Youth (1968–1980). Krystyna Horko, trans. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Bray, Francesca. Technology and Gender: Fabrics of Power in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Brown, Jeremy. City versus Countryside in Mao’s China: Negotiating the Divide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Burkitt, Laurie. “Sex in China: Abortion, Infection and Lack of Education.” Wall Street Journal, December 8, 2015. https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2015/12/08/sex-in-china-abortion-infection-and-lack-of-education/.Google Scholar

Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge, 1990.Google Scholar

Chang, Jung. Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China. New York: Touchstone, 2003.Google Scholar

Chen, Jinhua 陈金华. “Yong banmao duotai yinqi zhongdu siwang” 用斑蝥堕胎引起中毒死亡 (Using Mylabris to Induce Abortion Leads to Fatal Poisoning). Xingshi jishu 刑事技术 (Forensic Science and Technology) 5 (1980): 37–38.Google Scholar

Chen, Xiyi, Huaying, Li, Shusan, Sun, and Yimin, Wang 陈希夷， 李华英，孙树三， 王逸民. “Dian xiyin rengong liuchanshu 250 li fenxi” 电吸引人工流产术250例分析 (An Analysis of 250 Cases of Electrically-Induced Abortion). Shandong yikan 山东医刊 (Shandong Journal of Medicine) 1 (1964): 20–22.Google Scholar

Chen, Yifang 陈怡芳. “Chunjie huijia yao zhuyi biyun” 春节回家要注意避孕 (Pay Attention to Contraception When Returning Home for Spring Festival). Zhejiang ribao 浙江日报(Zhejiang Daily), February 14, 1958.Google Scholar

Cheng, Hu 城虎. “Jingju qudi shaonü kouchui ruyidai” 警局取締少女口吹如意袋 (Authorities Prohibit Young Girls from Inflating Condoms.” Jipu 吉普36 (1946): n.p.Google Scholar

Chiang, Howard. After Eunuchs: Science, Medicine, and the Transformation of Sex in Modern China. New York: Columbia University Press, 2018.Google Scholar

“Chijiao yisheng” peixun jiaocai” 赤脚医生”培训教材 (“Barefoot Doctor” Training Materials). Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe, 1970.Google Scholar

“China Forces Birth Control on Uighurs to Suppress Population.” Associated Press, June 29, 2020. https://apnews.com/269b3de1af34e17c1941a514f78d764c.Google Scholar

“China’s Campus Condom Giveaway Both Protects and Offends.” Global Times, November 29, 2015. www.globaltimes.cn/content/955525.shtml.Google Scholar

“Chulemi Contraceptive Cream.” Inside Red China. http://radfilms.com/China_1957_Birth_Control_Vaginal_Foam.html (accessed June 1, 2018).Google Scholar

“Chunyao an jieshu qifeng” 春藥案結束啟封 (Aphrodisiac Case Closed). Shenbao 申報, July 28, 1930.Google Scholar

Chung, Yuehtsen Juliette. Struggle for National Survival: Chinese Eugenics in a Transnational Context, 1896–1945. New York: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar

Cochran, Sherman. “Marketing Medicine and Advertising Dreams in China, 1900–1950.” In Becoming Chinese: Passages to Modernity and Beyond, edited by Yeh, Wen-hsin, 62–97. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Connelly, Matthew. Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Croll, Elisabeth. Feminism and Socialism in China. Abingdon: Routledge, 1978.Google Scholar

Croll, Elisabeth, Davin, Delia, and Kane, Penny, eds. China’s One-Child Family Policy. London: Macmillan, 1985.Google Scholar

Dai, Sijie. Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress: A Novel. Ina Rilke, trans. New York: Knopf, 2001.Google Scholar

David, Mirela. “Bertrand Russell and Ellen Key in China: Individualism, Free Love, and Eugenics in the May Fourth Era.” In Sexuality in China: Histories of Power and Pleasure, edited by Chiang, Howard, 76–98. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2018.Google Scholar

David, Mirela. “Female Gynecologists and Their Birth Control Clinics: Eugenics in Practice in 1920s–1930s China.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 35, no. 1 (2018): 1–31.Google Scholar

David, Mirela. “‘The Task Is Hers:’ Going Global, Margaret Sanger’s Visit to China in 1922.” Asian Pacific Perspectives 14, no. 1 (Fall 2016): 75–99.Google Scholar

Davin, Delia. Woman-Work: Patriarchy and the Party in Revolutionary China. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.Google Scholar

Deng, Liqun 邓力群, Hong, Ma 马洪, and Heng, Wu 武衡, eds. Dangdai zhongguo de jihua shengyu shiye 当代中国的计划生育事业 (The Contemporary Chinese Birth Planning Project). Beijing: Dangdai Zhongguo chubanshe, 1992.Google Scholar

Diamant, Neil. Revolutionizing the Family: Politics, Love, and Divorce in Urban and Rural China, 1949–1968. Berkeley: University of California, Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Dikotter, Frank. The Discourse of Race in Modern China. London: C Hurst & Co, 1992.Google Scholar

Dikotter, Frank. Imperfect Conceptions: Medical Knowledge, Birth Defects, and Eugenics in China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Dikotter, Frank. “Race Culture: Recent Perspectives on the History of Eugenics.” American Historical Review 103, no. 2 (1998): 467–478.Google Scholar

Dikotter, Frank. Sex, Culture, and Modernity in China: Medical Science and the Construction of Sexual Identities in the Early Republican Period. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Dillon, Nara. Radical Inequalities: China’s Revolutionary Welfare State in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University East Asia Center, 2015.Google Scholar

Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. Population Policy and Women’s Rights: Transforming Reproductive Choice. Westport: Praeger, 1993.Google Scholar

Djerassi, Carl. The Politics of Contraception. New York: W.W. Norton, 1979.Google Scholar

Dong, Pingmei 董平美. “Shengyu jiezhi de lilun he shiji” 生育節制的理論和實際 (The Theory and Practice of Birth Control). Dongfang zazhi 東方雜誌 (East Asian Miscellany) 33, no. 7: 55–61.Google Scholar

“Duzhe dui ‘Xin Zhongguo funü’ kandai ‘Biyun fangfa’ yiwen de fangying” 读者对《新中国妇 女》刊戴《避孕方法》一文的反映 (Readers’ Responses to the Article ‘Birth Control Methods’ in New Women of China magazine). Neibu cankao 内部参考 (1955).Google Scholar

Eaton, A. W. “Feminist Philosophy of Art.” Philosophy Compass 3 (2008): 873–893.Google Scholar

Ehrlich, Paul R. The Population Bomb. New York: Sierra Club/Ballantine Books, 1968.Google Scholar

Evans, Harriet. Beijing from Below: Stories of Marginal Lives in the Capital’s Center. Durham: Duke University Press, 2020.Google Scholar

Evans, Harriet. “Defining Difference: The “Scientific” Construction of Sexuality and Gender in the People’s Republic of China.” Signs 20, no. 2 (1995): 357–394.Google Scholar

Evans, Harriet. “Past, Perfect or Imperfect: Changing Images of the Ideal Wife.” In Chinese Femininities/Chinese Masculinities: A Reader, edited by Brownell, Susan and Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N., 335–360. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Evans, Harriet. The Subject of Gender: Daughters and Mothers in Urban China. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008.Google Scholar

Evans, Harriet. Women and Sexuality in China: Dominant Discourses of Female Sexuality and Gender Since 1949. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Fan, Shen. Gang of One. Lincoln: Bison Books, 2006.Google Scholar

Fang, Xiaoping. “Barefoot Doctors and the Provision of Rural Health Care.” In Medical Transitions in Twentieth-Century China, edited by Andrews, Bridie and Bullock, Mary Brown, 267–282. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Fang, Xiaoping. Barefoot Doctors and Western Medicine in China. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Faundes, Anibal and Luukkainen, Tapani. “Health and Family Planning Services in the Chinese People’s Republic,” Studies in Family Planning 3, no. 7 (1972): 165–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

“Fei budeyi buyao zuo rengong liuchan” (Do Not Have an Abortion as a Last Resort). Qingdao ribao (Qingdao Daily), March 12, 1957.Google Scholar

Fei, Siyen. “Writing for Justice: An Activist Beginning of the Cult of Female Chastity in Late Imperial China.” Journal of Asian Studies 71 (2012): 991-1012.Google Scholar

Feldt, Gloria. The War on Choice: The Right-Wing Attack on Women’s Rights and How to Fight Back. New York: Bantam Books, 2004.Google Scholar

Feng, Jiayun. “Controversy Over Sex-Ed Textbook.” SupChina, March 6, 2017. https://supchina.com/2017/03/06/controversy-sex-ed-textbook.Google Scholar

Fincher, Leta Hong. Leftover Women: The Resurgence of Gender Inequality in China. London: Zed Books, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fisher, Kate. Birth Control, Sex, and Marriage in Britain, 1918–1960. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Fisher, Kate. “The Delivery of Birth Control Advice in South Wales between the Wars.” In Oral History, Health and Welfare, edited by Bornat, Joanna et al., 251–270. London: Routledge, 2000.Google Scholar

Fong, Mei. One Child: The Story of China’s Most Radical Experiment. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016.Google Scholar

Fong, Vanessa. Only Hope: Coming of Age Under China’s One-Child Policy. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.Google Scholar

Furth, Charlotte. A Flourishing Yin: Gender in China’s Medical History: 960–1665. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Gao, Yuan. Born Red: A Chronicle of the Cultural Revolution. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Ghosh, Arunabh. Making It Count: Statistics and Statecraft in the Early People’s Republic of China. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020.Google Scholar

Glosser, Susan. Chinese Visions of Family and State, 1915–1953. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Gong, Jin 公瑾. “Guanyu deguo de qingpo jueyu lu (ouzhou tongxun)” 關於德國的強迫絕育律 (歐洲通訊) (About the Law of Forced Sterilization in Germany (European Communication)). Dongfang zazhi 東方雜誌 (East Asian Miscellany) 31, no. 9 (1934): 7–10.Google Scholar

Gong, Mu 公木. “Ruyidai bian yang paopao” 如意袋變洋泡泡 (Condoms Become Foreign Balloons). Guoji xinwen huabao 國際新聞畫報(International News Pictorial) 52 (1946): 11.Google Scholar

Greenhalgh, Susan. “Controlling Births and Bodies in Village China.” American Ethnologist 21, no. 1 (1994): 3–30.Google Scholar

Greenhalgh, Susan. Just One Child: Science and Policy in Deng’s China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Greenhalgh, Susan. “The Social Construction of Population Science: An Intellectual, Institutional, and Political History of Twentieth-Century Demography.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 38, no. 1: 26–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greenhalgh, Susan and Li, Jiali. “Engendering Reproductive Policy and Practice in Peasant China: For a Feminist Demography of Reproduction.” Signs 20, no. 3 (1995): 601–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greenhalgh, Susan and Winckler, Edwin A.. Governing China’s Population: From Leninist to Neoliberal Biopolitics. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Griffiths, James, Fang, Nanlin, and Wang, Serenitie. “China’s Lack of Sex Education Is Putting Millions of Young People at Risk.” CNN, December 6, 2016. www.cnn.com/2016/11/30/health/china-sex-education-world-aids-day.Google Scholar

Gross, Miriam. Farewell to the God of Plague: Chairman Mao’s Campaign to Deworm China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016.Google Scholar

谷, Gu. “Yizhou jianping: zaoyun yu jieyu” 一週簡評：早婚與節育 (Weekly Comment: Early Marriage and Birth Control). Shanghai dangsheng 上海黨聲 1 (1935): 22.Google Scholar

Gu, Baochang, Feng, Wang, Zhigang, Guo, and Erli, Zhang. “China’s Local and National Fertility Policies at the End of the Twentieth Century.” Population and Development Review 33, no. 1 (2007): 129–147.Google Scholar

Gu, Jiantang 顾鉴塘. “Minguo shiqi renkou yanjiu tanwei” 民国时期人口研究探微 (An Exploration of Population Studies during the Republican Era). Beijing daxue xuebao: zheshe ban 北京大学：哲学版 (Beijing University Journal: Philosophy Society Edition) (2001). www.szrmf.com/paper/48916.html.Google Scholar

Gu, Nan 古男. “Changshi tanhua: biyun yu jieyu” 常識談話：生育與墮胎 (Common Sense Conversation: Birth Control and Abortion). Tielu zhigong 鐵路職工(Railway Worker) 43, no. 133 (1930): 2–4.Google Scholar

“Guangdong yi fuqi chaosheng bei zhengshou 32 wan yuan shehui fuyang fei” 广东一夫妻超生 被征收32万元社会抚养费 (A Couple in Guangdong was Levied a 320,000 Yuan Excess Child Fee). Sina, June 11, 2020. http://gd.sina.com.cn/news/2020-06-11/detail-iircuyvi7858914.shtml.Google Scholar

“Gulou yiyuan zhishi jieyu: yi you sanshi ren” 鼓楼医院指示节育：已有三十人 (Gulou Hospital Provides Birth Control Instruction: Already Served 30 Patients). Guangxi yikan 广西医刊 (Guangxi Medical Journal) 12, no. 2 (1935): 10–11.Google Scholar

Guo, Quanqing 郭泉清. Shiyong biyunfa 实用避孕法 (Practical Birth Control Methods). Shanghai: Jia zazhi she, 1950.Google Scholar

Guojia jihua shengyu weiyuanhui zonghe jihua si 国家计划生育委员会综合计划司 (National Birth Planning Committee Integrated Planning Division). Quanguo jihua shengyu tongji ziliao huibian 全国计划生育统计资料汇编 (Chinese Birth Planning Statistical Yearbook). Guojia jihua shengyu weiyuanhui zonghe jihua si, 1983.Google Scholar

Han, Hua. “Under the Shadow of the Collective Good: An Ethnographic Analysis of Fertility Control in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province, China.” Modern China 33, no. 3 (2007): 320–348.Google Scholar

Hardee-Cleaveland, Karen and Banister, Judith. “Fertility Policy and Implementation in China, 1986–88.” Population and Development Review 14, no. 2 (1988): 245–286.Google Scholar

Harrison, Henrietta. “‘A Penny for the Little Chinese’: The French Holy Childhood Association in China, 1843–1951.” The American Historical Review 113, no. 4 (2008): 72–92.Google Scholar

Hartmann, Betsy. Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Birth Control. Boston: South End Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Hebei sheng weisheng ting (河北省卫生厅). Jiezhi shengyu wenda 节制生育问答 (Questions and Answers about Birth Control). Tianjin: Hebei renmin chubanshe, 1962.Google Scholar

Henriot, Christian. Prostitution and Sexuality in Shanghai: A Social History, 1849–1949. Translated by Noel Castelino. Cambridge: Cambridge Universit2y Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Hershatter, Gail. Dangerous Pleasures: Prostitution and Modernity in Twentieth-Century Shanghai. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Hershatter, Gail. The Gender of Memory: Rural Women and China’s Collective Past. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Hershatter, Gail. “Regulating Sex in Shanghai: The Reform of Prostitution in 1920 and 1951.” In Shanghai Sojourners, edited by Wakeman, Frederic Jr. and Wen-hsin, Yeh. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Hershatter, Gail. Women in China’s Long Twentieth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Hinrichs, T.J. and Barnes, Linda L, eds. Chinese Medicine and Healing: An Illustrated History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Ho, Denise. Curating Revolution: Politics on Display in Mao’s China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.Google Scholar

Hodgson, Dennis. “Demography as Social Science and Policy Science.” Population and Development Review 9, no. 1 (1983): 1–34.Google Scholar

Hong, Li 鴻黎. “Zhencao wenti” 貞操問題 (The Chastity Problem), Funü zazhi 婦女雜誌 (Ladies’ Journal) 2, no. 2 (1941): 29.Google Scholar

Honig, Emily. Sisters and Strangers: Women in the Shanghai Cotton Mills, 1919–1949. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Honig, Emily. “Socialist Sex: The Cultural Revolution Revisited.” Modern China 29, no. 2 (2003): 143–175.Google Scholar

Honig, Emily and Hershatter, Gail. Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980’s. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Honig, Emily and Zhao, Xiaojian. Across the Great Divide: The Sent-Down Youth Movement in Mao’s China, 1968–1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.Google Scholar

Hu, Jiawei. “Why It’s Time for Chinese Educators to Open Up about Sex.” Sixth Tone, June 19, 2017. www.sixthtone.com/news/1000361/why-its-time-for-chinese-educators-toopen-up-about-sex.Google Scholar

Hua, Shengdun. “Sex Education in China Evolving.” China Daily USA, April 16, 2015. http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-04/06/content_20010305.htm.Google Scholar

Huang, Shu-min. The Spiral Road: Change in a Chinese Village through the Eyes of a Communist Party Leader. Boulder: Westview Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Huang, Yuchuan 黄雨川. Zhonggong jieyu yundong 中共节育运动 (Chinese Communist Party’s Birth Control Movement). Hong Kong: Youlian chubanshe, 1967.Google Scholar

Hui, Mingzeng 惠明贈. “Cong Luo Guifang de duotai shuoqi” 辞駱桂芳的墮胎說起 (Talking about Luo Guifang’s Abortion). Wufeng banyue qikan 舞風半月期刊 (Dance Bimonthly Periodical) 2, no. 3 (1938): 15.Google Scholar

“Huoshan baofa (liu yuefen de wunü zhang: liu yue san ri (ponü datai)” 火山爆发（六月份的舞 女账）：六月三日（迫女打胎）(Volcanic Eruption: June Dancer’s Account: June 3 (A Girl’s Forced Abortion). Wuchang texie 舞场特写 (Dance Scene) 2 (1939): n.p.Google Scholar

Hvistendahl, Mara. Unnatural Selection: Choosing Boys over Girls, and the Consequences of a World Full of Men. New York: Public Affairs, 2011.Google Scholar

“Jiajiale biyun pian” 家家乐避孕片 (Happy Family Birth Control Pills). Hangzhou ribao 杭州 日报 (Hangzhou Daily), May 3, 1959.Google Scholar

Jiang, Liu 江流. “Yi ge bei nüedai de nüxing” 一個被虐待的女性 (An Abused Girl). Xiandai Funü 現代婦女 (Modern Woman) 13 (1949): 28.Google Scholar

“Jieyu yu duotai shaying” 節育與墮胎殺嬰 (Birth Control and Abortion as Baby Killing). Yongsheng 永生 (1936): 80.Google Scholar

Jin, Dalu 金大陆 and Shengbao, Lin 林升宝, eds. Shanghai zhishi qingnian shangshan xiaxiang yundong jishilu, 1968–1981 上海知识青年上山下乡运动纪事录 (Chronicle of Shanghai Rusticated Youth during the Sent-Down Youth Movement, 1968–1981). Shanghai: Shanghai shudian chubanshe, 2014.Google Scholar

Jiu, Jiu 九九. “Ruyidai junshi shang de gongxian” 如意袋軍事上的貢獻 (The Military’s Contribution of Condoms). Yizhou jian 一週間13 (1946): 9.Google Scholar

Johnson, Kay Ann. China’s Hidden Children: Abandonment, Adoption, and the Human Costs of the One-Child Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Johnson, Kay Ann. Women, the Family, and Peasant Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Johnson, Tina Phillips. Childbirth in Republican China: Delivering Modernity. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2011.Google Scholar

Jones, Claire L. The Business of Birth Control: Contraception and Commerce in Britain before the Sexual Revolution. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020.Google Scholar

Ju, You 鞠有. “Wang Wenlan tunji ruyidai” 王文蘭囤積如意袋 (Wang Wenlan Hoards Condoms). Yefeng 野風 (Wild Wind) 2 (1946): n.p.Google Scholar

Kane, Penny. The Second Billion: Population and Family Planning in China. Ringwood: Penguin Books, 1987.Google Scholar

Kaufman, Joan, Zhirong, Zhang, Zinjian, Qiao, and Yang, Zhang. “Family Planning Policy and Practice in China: A Study of Four Rural Counties,” Population and Development Review 15, no. 4 (1989): 707–729.Google Scholar

Ke, Shi 克士. “Shengyu jiezhi datai he ertong gongyu” 生育节制打胎和儿童公育 (Birth Control, Abortion, and Childcare). Dongfang zazhi 东方杂志 (East Asian Miscellany) 31, no. 21 (1934): 5–6.Google Scholar

“Kedou biyun danfang wuxiao” 蝌蚪避孕单方无效 (Tadpole Birth Control Home Remedy Is Not Effective). Zhejiang ribao 浙江日报 (Zhejiang Daily), April 16, 1958.Google Scholar

“Kedou biyun zhengzai shiyan, xianzai bu yao mangmu fuyong” 蝌蚪避孕正在试验，现在不 要盲目服用 (Using Tadpoles as Birth Control is Currently Being Tested, For Now Do Not Blindly Consume Them). Zhejiang ribao 浙江日报 (Zhejiang Daily), March 31, 1957.Google Scholar

“Kelian jinü duotai zhiming” 可憐妓女墮胎致命 (Pitiful Prostitute Dies from Abortion), Shenbao 申報, September 1, 1933.Google Scholar

King, Michelle T. Between Birth and Death: Female Infanticide in Nineteenth-Century China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

King, Michelle T. “Margaret Sanger in Translation: Gender, Class, and Birth Control in 1920s China.” Journal of Women’s History 29, no. 3 (2017): 61–83.Google Scholar

Klausen, Susanne M. Race, Maternity, and the Politics of Birth Control in South Africa, 1910–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.Google Scholar

Koblitz, Anne Hibner. Sex and Herbs and Birth Control. Seattle: Kovalevskaia Fund, 2014.Google Scholar

Kohama, Masako 小浜正子. “Cong ‘feifa duotai’ dao ‘jihua shengyu:’ jianguo qianhou xing he shengzhi zhi yanlun kongjian de bianqian” 从”非法堕胎”到”计划生育”—建国前后性和生殖言论空间的变迁 (From “Criminal Abortion” to “Birth Planning:” The Changes of Discursive Space with Regard to Sex and Reproduction before and after 1949). In Jindai zhongguo chengshi yu dazhong wenhua 近代中国城市与大众文化, edited by Jin, Jiang and Deying, Li, 330–355. Beijing: Xinxing chubanshe, 2008.Google Scholar

Kohama, Masako 小浜正子. “Jihua shengyu de kaiduan—1950–1960 niandai de Shanghai” 计划 生育的开端—1950–1960年代的上海 (The Beginnings of Birth Planning in Shanghai in the 1950s and 1960s). Zhongyang yanjiuyuan jindaishi yanjiusuo jikan 中央研究院近代史研究所集刊 68 (2010): 97–142.Google Scholar

Kohama, Masako 小浜正子. “Zhongguo nongcun jihua shengyu de puji – yi 1960–1970 niandai Q cun wei li” 中国农村计划生育的普及—以1960–1970年代Q村为例 (The Popularization of Birth Planning in Rural China—The Case of Q Village, 1960s–1970s). Jindai zhongguo funü shi yanjiu 近代中国妇女史研究 19 (2011): 173–214.Google Scholar

Lam, Tong. A Passion for Facts: Social Surveys and the Construction of the Chinese Nation State, 1900–1949. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Latham, Michael E. Modernization as Ideology: American Social Science and “Nation Building” in the Kennedy Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Lean, Eugenia. “The Modern Elixir: Medicine as a Consumer Item in the Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Press.” UCLA History Journal 15, no. 0 (1995): 65–92.Google Scholar

Lee, James Z. and Feng, Wang, One Quarter of Humanity: Malthusian Mythology and Chinese Realities, 1700–2000. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Lei, Jieqiong 雷洁琼. “Huainian Yang Chongrui yishi” 怀念杨崇瑞医师 (“Remembering Dr. Yang Chongrui”). In Yang Chongrui Boshi, Danchen bai nian jinian 杨崇瑞博士诞辰百年纪念 (Dr. Yang Chongrui, 100 Years Memorial Since Her Birth), edited by Renying, Yan, 1–3. Beijing: Beijing yike daxue, Zhonguo xiehe yike daxue lianhe chubanshe, 1990.Google Scholar

Lei, Sean Hsiang-lin. Neither Donkey Nor Horse: Medicine in the Struggle over China’s Modernity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Leng, Shao-Chuan. “The Role of Law in the People’s Republic of China as Reflecting Mao Tse-Tung ‘s Influence,” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 68, no. 3 (1977): 356–373.Google Scholar

Leung, Angela Ki Che. “Relief Institutions for Children in Nineteenth-Century China.” In Chinese Views of Childhood, edited by Kinney, Anne Behnke. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1995.Google Scholar

“Liang yaofang chaohuo yinju chunyao” 两药房抄获淫具春药 (Two Pharmacies Were Searched – Obscene Products and Aphrodisiacs Were Seized). Shenbao 申报, March 4， 1937.Google Scholar

Li, Bingkui 李秉奎. Kuanglan yu qianliu: Zhongguo qingnian de xinglian yu hunyin, 1966–1976 狂澜与潜流—中国青年的性恋与婚姻， 1966–1976 (Raging Waves and Undercurrents: Sexuality and Marriage among Chinese Youth, 1966–1976). Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe, 2015.Google Scholar

Li, Bozhong 李伯重. “Duotai, biyun, yu jueyu: Song Yuan Ming Qing shiqi Jiang-Zhe diqu de jieyu fangfa ji qi yunyong yu chuanbo” 堕胎，避孕，与绝育：宋元明清时期江浙地区的节育方法及其实用与传播 (Abortion, Contraception, and Sterilization: Fertility Control and Its Dissemination in Jiangsu and Zhejiang during the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties). In Hunyin jiating yu renkou xingwei 婚姻家庭与人口行为 (Marriage, Family, and Population Behavior) edited by Zhongqing, Li 李中清, Songyi, Guo 郭松义, and Yizhuang, Ding 定宜庄, 172–196. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 2000.Google Scholar

Li, Ming 李明. “Anmo liuchan 32 jingyan jieshao” 按摩流产32例经验介绍 (Introducing the Experience of 32 Abortions through Massage). Anmo yu daoyin 按摩与导引 (Chinese Manipulation & Qi Gong Therapy) 4 (1993): n.p.Google Scholar

Liu, Lydia H. Translingual Practice: Literature, National Culture, and Translated Modernity – China, 1900–1937. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Liu, Lydia, Karl, Rebecca, and Ko, Dorothy, eds. The Birth of Chinese Feminism: Essential Texts in Transnational Theory. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Liu, Xiaomeng 刘小萌. Zhongguo zhiqing koushushi 中国知青口述书 (The Oral Histories of Chinese Educated Youth). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 2004.Google Scholar

Liu, Xiaomeng 刘小萌. Zhongguo zhiqingshi: da chao 中国知青：大潮 (A History of China’s Sent-Down Youth: The Main Wave). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 1998.Google Scholar

Long, Sao 龍騷. “Dushi de feng” 都市的風 (The Urban Scene). Shenbao 申報, May 15, 1933.Google Scholar

Lu, Dachuan 陆大川. “Wo jieza shujing guan de qianqian houhou” 我结扎输精管的前前后后 (Before and after My Vasectomy). Zhongguo funü 中国妇女 (New Women of China) 4 (1963): 11.Google Scholar

Lu, Hanchao. Beyond the Neon Lights: Everyday Shanghai in the Early Twentieth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Lu, Shifu 卢施福. “Feifa zhidao jieyu de chawu he weixian” 非法指导节育的差误和危险 (The Errors and Dangers of Illegally Advising on Birth Control). Shengming yu jiankang 生命与健康 (Life and Health) 6 (1928): n.p.Google Scholar

Luoyang renkou he jihua shengyu weiyuanhui (Luoyang Population and Birth Planning Committee). Luoyangshi renkou he jihua shengyu zhi, 1985–2014 洛阳市人口和计划生育志 (The Chronicle of Population and Family Planning of Luoyang, 1985–2014). Luoyang: Luoyang shi renkou he jihua shengyu weiyuanhui, 2015.Google Scholar

Luoyang shi renkou pucha lingdao xiaozu bangongshe (Office of the Luoyang Population Survey Leading Small Group). Henan sheng Luoyang shi di sanci renkou pucha shougong huizong ziliao huibian 河南省洛阳市第三次人口普查手工汇总资料汇编 (The Compiled Materials of the Third Manual Population Survey of Luoyang, Henan). Luoyang: Luoyang shi renkou pucha lingdao xiaozu bangongshe, 1982.Google Scholar

Luoyang shizhi 洛阳市志 (Luoyang Gazetteer), October 15, 2009. www.lydqw.com/DB/BookContent.aspx?BookID=200904080002&Content=Digital.Google Scholar

Ma, Bo. Blood Red Sunset: A Memoir of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Translated by Howard Goldblatt. New York: Penguin Books, 1996.Google Scholar

Ma, Guoliang 馬國亮. Zai gei nürenmen 再給女人們 (Again to the Women). Shanghai: Shanghai liangyou tushu yinshua gongsi, 1933.Google Scholar

Ma, Jian, The Dark Road: A Novel. Translated by Flora Drew. New York: Penguin Press, 2013.Google Scholar

MacFarquhar, Roderick and Schoenhals, Michael. Mao’s Last Revolution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Manning, Kimberly Ens. “Marxist Maternalism, Memory, and the Mobilization of Women in the Great Leap Forward.” The China Review 5, no. 1 (2005): 83–110.Google Scholar

Mao, Xian 毛咸. “Yiyao wenda: da di 365 hao: beiliuxian zhengfu sa zhangjun wen jieyu” 醫藥問答：答第三六五號北流縣政府薩 (Medical Q&A: Answer Number 365: Beiliu County Government’s Sa Zhangjun Asks about Birth Control). Guangxi weisheng xunkan 廣西衛生旬刊 (Guangxi Hygiene Journal) 3, no. 2 (1935): 18–19.Google Scholar

Mao Zedong zhuzuo zhuanti zhaibian 毛泽东著作专题摘编 (Thematic Excerpts from Mao Zedong’s Works). Beijing: Zhongyang wenxian chubanshe, 2003.Google Scholar

McKibbin, Ross. Classes and Cultures: England, 1918–1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

McMillan, Joanna. Sex, Science and Morality in China. Abingdon-on-Thames: Taylor and Francis, 2006.Google Scholar

Mellors, Sarah. “The Trouble with Rubbers: A History of Condoms in Modern China,” Nan Nü: Men, Women and Gender in China 22, no. 1 (2020): 150–178.Google Scholar

Miao, Xin and Chang, Liu. “Chinese Women Bear the Major Burden of Contraception.” Sixth Tone, March 8, 2018. https://twitter.com/SixthTone.Google Scholar

Murphy, Michelle, Seizing the Means of Reproduction: Entanglements of Feminism, Health, and Technoscience. Durham: Duke University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Miller, Barbara. “Female-Selective Abortion in Asia: Patterns, Policies, and Debates.” American Anthropologist 103, no. 4 (2001): 1083–1095.Google Scholar

Milwertz, Cecilia Nathansen. Accepting Population Control: Urban Women and the One-Child Family Policy. London: Curzon Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Min, Anchee. Red Azalea. New York: Anchor Books, 1994.Google Scholar

Mosher, Steven. Broken Earth: The Rural Chinese. New York: The Free Press, 1983.Google Scholar

“Mou hongxing duotai sici” 某紅星墮胎四次 (A Certain Celebrity Had Four Abortions). Yingwu xinwen 影舞新聞 (Film and Dance News) 1, no. 12 (1935): 5.Google Scholar

Musallam, B.F. Sex and Society in Islam: Birth Control before the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Ng, Michael H. K. Legal Transplantation in Early Twentieth Century China: Practicing Law in Republican Beijing. Abingdon: Routledge, 2014.Google Scholar

Ni juedui mei jianguo 50 nian qian wuhan jietou biyun guanggao 你绝对没见过 50年前武汉街 头避孕广告 (Birth Control Advertisements on the Streets of Wuhan 50 Years Ago You Have Never Seen before). Sohu, May 6, 2016. www.sohu.com/a/73608709_199944.Google Scholar

Nie, Jing-Bao. Behind the Silence: Chinese Voices on Abortion. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005.Google Scholar

Nie, Jing-Bao. “Non-Medical Sex-Selective Abortion in China: Ethical and Public Policy Issues in the Context of 40 Million Missing Females.” British Medical Bulletin 98 (2011): 7–20.Google Scholar

“Nongcun pochan shengzhong, lai Hu duotai rizhong” 農村破產聲中：來滬墮胎日眾 (Amid Rural Bankruptcy, Many Come to Shanghai for Abortion). Shenbao 申報, September 25, 1936.Google Scholar

Nongcun yiliao weisheng puji shouce 农村医疗卫生普及手册(Popular Handbook for Rural Healthcare). Shanghai: Shanghai “nongcun yiliao weisheng puji shouce” bianxie zu, 1969.Google Scholar

Nongcun yiliao weisheng shouce 农村医疗卫生手册 (Rural Healthcare Handbook). Shanghai: Shanghai kexue jishu chubanshe, 1968.Google Scholar

Nongcun yisheng shouce 农村医生手册 (Rural Doctor Handbook). Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe, 1971.Google Scholar

Norgren, Tiana A. E. Abortion before Birth Control: The Politics of Reproduction in Postwar Japan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

“Nü zhiqing koushu wenge shiqi liangxing guanxi beican jingli rang ren zhenjing” 女知青口述 文革时期两性关系悲惨经历让人震惊 (Female Sent Down Youths’ Shocking Oral Histories of Tragic Sexual Experiences during the Cultural Revolution). Liushu yaofeng de boke 柳树摇风的博客 (Shaking Willow Blog), June 8, 2015. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_443bf8ae0102voa4.html.Google Scholar

O’Meara, Sarah. “Workshop Teaches Children How to Guard against Sexual Abuse.” Sixth Tone, July 5, 2016. www.sixthtone.com/news/1034/workshop-teaches-children-how-guard-against-sexual-abuse.Google Scholar

Ou, Nianzhong and Liang, Yongkang, eds. Mao’s Lost Children: Stories of the Rusticated Youth of China’s Cultural Revolution. Laura Maynard, trans. Portland: Merwin Asia, 2015.Google Scholar

Pan, Guangdan. “Zhongguo zhi yousheng wenti” (The Problem of Eugenics in China). Dongfang zazhi (East Asian Miscellany) 21, no. 22 (1924): 15Google Scholar

Pan, Guangdan 潘光旦. “Yousheng fukan: shengyu jiezhi de jige biaozhun” 優生期刊：生育節制的幾個標準 (Eugenics Supplement: Several Criteria for Birth Control). Huanian 華年 4, no. 22 (1935): 431–435.Google Scholar

Pan, Zhengzhong 潘整中 and Feng, Guozhen 冯国桢. “Weihun xianyu suo yinqi de” 未婚先孕 所引起的 (What Premarital Pregnancy Gives Rise to). Shehui 社会 (Society) 2 (1986): 20–22.Google Scholar

“Per Capita Annual Income and Expenditure Urban and Rural Households.” All China Data Center. Chinadataonline.org (accessed April 28, 2015).Google Scholar

“Ping pohuo mimi duku 平破獲秘密毒窟 (Beiping Secret Drug Stash Exposed). Shenbao 申報, November 12, 1947.Google Scholar

Population Council. “The New Chinese Law on Maternal and Infant Health Care.” Population Development Review 21, no. 3 (1995): 698–702.Google Scholar

Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort Women: Testimonies from Imperial Japan’s Sex Slaves. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Ren, Jin 人金. “Weihun fufu de xingxingwei” 未婚婦女的性行為 (Unmarried Couples’ Sexual Behavior). Funü yuekan 婦女月刊 (Women’s Monthly) 6, no. 6 (1948): 59.Google Scholar

Rigdon, Susan M. “Abortion Law and Practice in China: An Overview with Comparisons to the United States,” Social Science Medicine 42, no. 4 (1996): 543–560.Google Scholar

Roberts, Dorothy. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.Google Scholar

Rocha, Leon. “A Small Business of Sexual Enlightenment: Zhang Jingsheng’s ‘Beauty Bookshop’, Shanghai 1927–1929.” British Journal of Chinese Studies 9, no. 2 (2019): 1–30.Google Scholar

Rocha, Leon Antonio. “Translation and Two ‘Chinese Sexologies’: Double Plum and Sex Histories.” In Sexology and Translation: Cultural and Scientific Encounters across the Modern World, edited by Bauer, Heike. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2015.Google Scholar

Rocha, Leon Antonio. “Xing: The Discourse of Sex and Human Nature in Modern China.” Gender and History 22, no. 3 (2010): 603–628.Google Scholar

Rogaski, Ruth. Hygienic Modernity: Meanings of Health and Disease in Treaty-Port China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Sanger, Margaret. “Birth Control in China and Japan.” October 31, 1922. www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger/webedition/app/documents/show.php?sangerDoc=101865xml (accessed May 10, 2018).Google Scholar

Sanger, Margaret. Jieyu zhuyi 節育主意 (Birth Control Doctrine). Translated by Chen Haicheng 陳海瀓. Shanghai: Shanghai shangwuban, 1928.Google Scholar

Sanger, , Margaret 珊格爾夫. “Shengyu zhicai de shenme yu zenyang” 生育制裁的什麼與怎樣 (Birth Control’s What and How).Translated by Hu Shi 胡适. Funü zazhi 婦女雜誌 (Ladies’ Journal) 8, no. 6 (1922): 129.Google Scholar

Santow, Gigi. “Emmenagogues and Abortifacients in the Twentieth Century: An Issue of Ambiguity.” In Regulating Menstruation: Beliefs, Practices, Interpretations, edited by Van de Walle, Etienne, 64–92. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Scharping, Thomas. Birth Control in China, 1949–2000: Population Policy and Demographic Development. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.Google Scholar

Scheid, Volker and Hsiang-lin Lei, Sean. “The Institutionalization of Chinese Medicine.” In Medical Transitions in Twentieth-Century China,” edited by Andrews, Bridie and Brown Bullock, Mary, 244–266. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. Death Without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Schoenhals, Michael. “Sex in Big-Character Posters from China’s Cultural Revolution: Gendering the Class Enemy.” In Gender and Mass Dictatorship: Global Perspectives, Edited by Lim, Jie-Hyun and Petrone, Karen, 237–257. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.Google Scholar

Selezneva, Ekaterina. “Struggling For New Lives: Family and Fertility Policies in the Soviet Union and Modern Russia.” Ideas. https://ideas.repec.org/p/hit/hitcei/2015-8.html (accessed October 16, 2016).Google Scholar

Shandong weisheng ting 山东卫生厅 (Shandong Department of Hygiene). Jieyu xuanchuan shouce 节育宣传手册 (Birth Control Propaganda Handbook). Jinan: Shandong renmin chubanshe, 1958.Google Scholar

Shanghai di er yixue yuan fu chan ke jiaoyanzu 上海第二医学院妇产科教研组 (Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching and Research Group of Shanghai Number Two Medical College). Qingnian hunyin weisheng 青年婚姻卫生 (Youth Marital Hygiene). Shanghai: Shanghai kexue jishu chubanshe, 1958.Google Scholar

Shanghai jieyu yanjiushe 上海節育研究社 (Shanghai Birth Control Research Society). Shanghai yishi zhoukan 上海醫事週刊 (Shanghai Medical Weekly) 6, no. 41 (1940): n.p.Google Scholar

“Shanghai tebie shi qudi yinwei yaowu xuanchuan pin zanxing guiding” 上海特别市取締淫藥物宣傳品暫行規定 (Temporary Rules for the Prohibition of Publicizing Obscene Drugs in Shanghai). Shenbao 申報, May 4, 1929.Google Scholar

“Shanxi: 2016 nian qi shishi liang hai zhengce, nüfang sheng er hai jiangli 60 tian jiaqi” 山西： 2016年起实施两孩政策 女方生二孩奖励60天假期 (Shanxi: Since the Implementation of the Two Child Policy in 2016, Women Who Have a Second Child Will Receive a 60-Day Leave). Minnang wang 闽南网 (Southern Fujian Network), January 20, 2016. www.mnw.cn/news/shehui/1086933.html.Google Scholar

Shao, Lizi 邵力子. “Wo dui jieyu wenti de yidian yijian” 我对节育问题的一点意见 (My Opinion on Birth Control). Renmin ribao 人民日报 (People’s Daily), June 26, 1956.Google Scholar

Shapiro, Hugh. “The Puzzle of Spermatorrhea in Republican China.” Positions 6 (1998): 551–596.Google Scholar

Shapiro, Judith. Mao’s War against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Shen, Yubin. “Cultivating China’s Cinchona: The Local Developmental State, Global Botanic Networks and Cinchona Cultivation in Yunnan, 1930s–1940s.” Social History of Medicine (2019): 1–15.Google Scholar

“Shengyu zhicai de shenme yu zenyang” 生育制裁的什麼與怎樣 (The Hows and Whats of Birth Control) Funü zazhi 婦女雜誌 (Women’s Magazine) 8, no. 6 (1922): 126–131.Google Scholar

“Sheyan: duotai yu jieyu” 社言：墮胎與節育 (Community Statement: Abortion and Birth Control). Xinghua 興華 27, no. 31 (1930): 1–3.Google Scholar

Shi, Chengli 史成礼. “Jianguo yilai jihua shengyu gongzuo gaikuang” 建国以来计划生育工作 概况(Summary of Birth Planning Work after the Founding of the PRC). Xibei renkou 西北人口 (Northwest Population) (1980): 33–48.Google Scholar

Smith, Aminda M. Thought Reform and China’s Dangerous Classes: Reeducation, Resistance, and the People. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013.Google Scholar

Smith, Nicole. “Some Surprising Insights on Birth Control and Contraception Practices in China.” Article Myriad. December 7, 2011. www.articlemyriad.com/birth-control%20contraception-china/.Google Scholar

Sommer, Matthew H. “Abortion in Late Imperial China: Routine Birth Control or Crisis Intervention?” Late Imperial China 31, no. 2 (2010): 97–165.Google Scholar

Sommer, Matthew H. Sex, Law and Society in Late Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Song, Hongjian 宋鸿剑. “Jieza shujingguan hui yingxiang jiankang ma” 结扎输精管会影响健 康吗 (Can Undergoing a Vasectomy Influence One’s Health). Zhongguo funü 中国妇女 (New Women of China) 4 (1963): 10.Google Scholar

Song, Hongjian 宋鸿剑 and Zhiyi, Zhao 赵志一. Biyun changshi 避孕常识 (General Knowledge about Birth Control). Shanghai: Shanghai weisheng chubanshe, 1957.Google Scholar

Stacey, Judith. Patriarchy and Socialist Revolution in China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Stevens, Sarah E. “Figuring Modernity: The New Woman and the Modern Girl in Republican China.” NWSA Journal 15, no. 3 (Fall 2003): 82–103.Google Scholar

Stopes, Marie. Ertong Ai 兒童愛 (Wise Parenthood). Shanghai: Guanghua shuju, 1926.Google Scholar

Sun, Yanyu 孙嚴予. Jieyu yu yousheng 節育與優生 (From Birth Control to Eugenics). Shanghai: Meilingdeng & Co., 1949.Google Scholar

Szreter, Simon. “The Idea of Demographic Transition and the Study of Fertility Change: A Critical Intellectual History.” Population and Development Review 19, no. 4 (1993): 659–701.Google Scholar

“Ta de you” 她的友 (Lady’s Friend). Funü shijie 婦女世界 (Women’s World) 19, no. 11 (1931): n.p.Google Scholar

Takeshita, Chikako. The Global Biopolitics of the IUD: How Science Constructs Contraceptive Users and Women’s Bodies. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Takeuchi-Demirci, Aiko. Contraceptive Diplomacy: Reproductive Politics and Imperial Ambitions in the United States and Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Teng, Emma. Eurasian: Mixed Identities in the United States, China, and Hong Kong, 1842–1943. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013.Google Scholar

Theiss, Janet. Disgraceful Matters: The Politics of Chastity in Eighteenth-Century China Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Thompson, Malcolm. “Foucault, Fields of Governability, and the Population-Family-Economy Nexus in China.” History and Theory 51 (2012): 42–62.Google Scholar

Tien, H. Yuan. “Sterilization, Oral Contraception, and Population Control in China.” Population Studies 18, no. 3 (1965): 215–235.Google Scholar

Tien, H. Yuan. “Wan, Xi, Shao: How China Meets Its Population Problem.” International Family Planning Perspectives 6 (1980): 65–73.Google Scholar

Tien, K. H. “Intraamniotic Injection of Ethacridine for Second-Trimester Induction of Labor.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 61, no. 6 (1983): 733–736.Google Scholar

Tinsman, Heidi. Partners in Conflict: The Politics of Gender, Sexuality, and Labor in the Chilean Agrarian Reform, 1950–1973. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Tone, Andrea. Devices and Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.Google Scholar

Tone, Andrea. “Making Room for Rubbers: Gender, Technology, and Birth Control before the Pill.” History and Technology 18, no. 1 (2010): 51–76.Google Scholar

Tone, Andrea. “Violence by Design: Contraceptive Technology and the Invasion of the Female Body.” In Lethal Imagination: Violence and Brutality in American History. Edited by Bellesiles, Michael A.. New York: New York University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Tran, Lisa. “Sex and Equality in Republican China: The Debate over the Adultery Law.” Modern China 35, no. 2 (2009): 191–223.Google Scholar

“Tu, Peilin.” Shanghai Local History Office. www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node2245/node4522/node10080/node10084/node63755/userobject1ai54188.html (accessed February 28, 2018).Google Scholar

Tu, Peilin 屠培林. Shaying tang 杀婴堂 (Infanticide Hall). Shanghai: Huadong renmin chubanshe, 1952.Google Scholar

U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service. A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual (Translation of a Chinese Instruction to Certain Chinese Health Personnel). Washington, DC: John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Health Studies, 1974.Google Scholar

Waites, G.M.H., Wang, C., and Griffin, P.D.. “Gossypol: Reasons for Its Failure to be Accepted as a Safe, Reversible Male Antifertility Drug.” International Journal of Andrology 21, no. 1 (1998): 8–12.Google Scholar

Wang, Chongyi 王崇一et al. Dangdai zhongguo de weisheng shiye 当代中国的卫生事业 (Public Hygiene Undertakings in Modern China), vol. 2. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 1986.Google Scholar

Wang, Feng, Cai, Yong, and Baochang, Gu. “Population, Policy, and Politics: How Will History Judge China’s One-Child Policy?” Population and Development Review 38 (2012): 115–129.Google Scholar

Wang, Shengmin 汪声敏. “Tan anquanqi ji shiyanhu shuansai biyunfa” 谈安全期及食盐糊栓塞 避孕法 (Discussing the Safe Period and Salt Paste Suppository Birth Control Methods). Hangzhou ribao 杭州日报 (Hangzhou Daily), April 19, 1957.Google Scholar

Wang, Wenbin 王文彬, Zhiyi, Zhao 赵志一, and Mingxun, Tan 谭铭勋. Xing de zhishi 性的知 识 (Knowledge about Sex). Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe, 1956.Google Scholar

Wang, Wenbin 王文彬, Zhiyi, Zhao 赵志一, and Mingxun, Tan谭铭勋. Xing de zhishi 性的知 识 (Knowledge about Sex). Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe, 1957.Google Scholar

Wang, Wenbin 王文彬, Zhiyi, Zhao 赵志一, and Mingxun, Tan谭铭勋. Xing de zhishi 性的知 识 (Knowledge about Sex). Beijing: Kexue puji chubanshe, 1958.Google Scholar

Wang, Wenbin 王文彬, Zhiyi, Zhao 赵志一, and Mingxun, Tan谭铭勋. Xing de zhishi 性的知 识 (Knowledge about Sex). Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe, 1981.Google Scholar

Wang, Y. Yvon. “Whorish Representation: Pornography, Media, and Modernity in Fin-de-siècle Beijing,” Modern China 40, no. 4 (2014): 351–392.Google Scholar

Wang, Y. Yvon. “Yellow Books in Red China: A Preliminary Examination of Sex in Print in the Early People’s Republic,” Twentieth-Century China 44, no. 1 (2019): 75–97.Google Scholar

Wang, Yanrui 王延瑞. Shuluanguan jueyushu 输卵管绝育术 (Fallopian Tube Sterilization Surgery). Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe, 1959.Google Scholar

Wang, Zheng. Finding Women in the State: A Socialist Feminist Revolution in the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1964. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2017.Google Scholar

Wasserstrom, Jeffrey. “Resistance to the One-Child Family.” Modern China 10, no. 3 (1984): 345–374.Google Scholar

Watts, Jonathon. “China Sex Education Lags Behind Sexual Activity.” The Lancet, April 10, 2004. www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673604159941.pdf.Google Scholar

Weatherhead, L. D. Controlling Sexual Life (xingshenghuo de kongzhi). Shanghai: Youth Association Books (qingnian xiehui shuju), 1936.Google Scholar

“Wei jinü datai, beigao fa juban” 為妓女打胎，被告舉辦 (Abortion for a Prostitute, the Accused Was Detained and Dealt With), Shenbao 申報, January 19, 1949.Google Scholar

Wei, Xia, She, Shouzhang, and Lam, Taihing. “Medical versus Surgical Abortion Methods for Pregnancy in China: A Cost-Minimization Analysis.” Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 72 (2011): 257–263.Google Scholar

Weisberg, Marvin E. and Graham, John R.. A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual: A Guide to Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine (The American Translation of the Official Chinese Paramedical Manual). N.p.: Cloudburst Press, 1977.Google Scholar

White, Tyrene. China’s Longest Campaign: Birth Planning in the People’s Republic, 1949–2005. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Whyte, Martin King, Feng, Wang, and Cai, Yong, “Challenging Myths about China’s One-Child Policy.” The China Journal 74 (2015): 144–159.Google Scholar

Williams, Rebecca Jane. “Storming the Citadels of Poverty: Family Planning in India, 1975–1977.” Journal of Asian Studies 73, no. 2 (2014): 471–492.Google Scholar

Winder, Daniel. Reproductive Control or a Rational Guide to Matrimonial Happiness. Cincinnati: n.p., 1855.Google Scholar

Wolf, Arthur P. “Is There Evidence of Birth Control in Late-Imperial China?” Population and Development Review 27, no. 1 (2001): 133–154.Google Scholar

Wolf, Arthur P. and Engelen, Theo. “Fertility and Fertility Control in Pre-Revolutionary China.” The Journal of Interdiscipinary History 38, no. 3 (2008): 345–375.Google Scholar

Wolf, Margery. Revolution Postponed: Women in Contemporary China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Wu, Yiching. The Cultural Revolution at the Margins: Chinese Socialism in Crisis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2014.Google Scholar

Wu, Zelin 吴泽霖. “Yazhou de jieyu wenti” 亞洲的節育問題 (Asia’s Birth Control Problem). Tushu pinglun 圖書評論 (Book Reviews) 2, no. 6 (1934): 93–94.Google Scholar

Xiao, Feng 萧风. “Fu kedou buneng biyun” 服蝌蚪不能避孕 (Tadpoles Are Not Birth Control). Hangzhou ribao 杭州日报 (Hangzhou Daily), July 7, 1957.Google Scholar

“Xiaofang huiying xiaoxue xing jiaoyu keben zhengyi: jiang zejie tui xiangguan kecheng” 校方回应小学性教育课本争议：将择机推相关课程 (School Responds to Textbook Disputes in Primary School Sex Education: Will Select Opportunities to Promote Related Courses). Zhongguo xinwen wang 中国新闻网 (China News), March 7, 2017. http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2017/03-07/8167055.shtml (accessed May 30, 2018).Google Scholar

Xie, Yunshou 谢筠寿. “Duotai zui” 墮胎罪 (The Crime of Abortion). Yixun 醫訊 (Medical News) 2, no. 1 (1948): 3.Google Scholar

“Xingbingyuan mimi weiren duotai” 性病院秘密為人墮胎 (STD Hospital Secretly Performs Abortions). Shenbao 申報, August 10, 1930.Google Scholar

“Xingjiao zhongduan—tiwai shejing de biyun fa haobu hao” 性交中断—体外射精的避孕法好 不好 (Intercourse Interruption – Is the Withdrawal Method Good or Bad?). Qingdao ribao 青岛日报 (Qingdao Daily), December 22, 1957.Google Scholar

Xinran, . Message from an Unknown Chinese Mother: Stories of Loss and Love. Nicky Harman, trans. New York: Scribner, 2010.Google Scholar

“Xinshui jieji de bei’ai, xian er’nü duo datai jian fudan, chi kuining wan buxing zhongdu si” 薪水階級的悲哀，嫌兒女多打胎減負擔，吃奎寧丸不幸中毒死 (Sorrow of the Working Class, Feared Having too Many Children So Had an Abortion to Reduce the Burden, Consumed Quinine and Died of Poisoning). Daminbao 大民報, December 17, 1947.Google Scholar

Xu, Chongwang 许崇望. Shanghai bai’er yaopin wuxian gongsi 上海拜耳藥品無限公司 (Shanghai Bayer Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd.) Bai’er yiliao xinbao 拜耳醫療新報 (Bayer Medical News) 12, no. 2 (1938): n.p.Google Scholar

Xu, Wancheng 許晚成. Zuixin shiyan nannü biyunfa 最新實驗男女避孕法 (The Newest Experimental Birth Control Methods for Men and Women). Shanghai: Guoguang shudian, 1941.Google Scholar

Xue, Yujie, “Jiangsu Company Rewards Employees for Having More Kids.” Sixth Tone, April 3, 2019. http://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003803/jiangsu-company-rewards-employees-for-having-more-kids.Google Scholar

Xun, Xianwen 荀显文. “Banmao zhongdu siwang erli” 斑蝥中毒死亡二例 (Two Cases of Death from Mylabris Poisoning). Zhongguo fayixue zazhi 中国法医学杂志 (Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine) 3 (1990): 156.Google Scholar

Yan, Mo. Wa (Frog). Shanghai: Shanghai wenyi chubanshe (Shanghai Literature and Art Press), 2009.Google Scholar

Yan, Yukuan 嚴與寬. Jieyu de lilun yu fangfa 節育的理論與方法 (Birth Control Theory and Methods). Shanghai: Dadong Shuju, 1933.Google Scholar

Yan, Yunxiang. Private Life under Socialism: Love, Intimacy, and Family Change in a Chinese Village, 1949–1999. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Yang, Mayfair Mei-hui. “From Gender Erasure to Gender Difference: State Feminism, Consumer Sexuality, and Women’s Public Sphere in China.” In Spaces of Their Own: Women’s Public Sphere in Transnational China,edited by Yang, Mayfair Mei-hui, 35–67. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Yang, Rae. Spider Eaters: A Memoir. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Yang, Wanli. “High Abortion Rate Triggers Fears for Young Women.” China Daily, January 27, 2015. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-01/27/content_19412949.htm.Google Scholar

Yao, Jisheng 姚季生, Taiyun, Zhang张泰运, and Yanji, Li 李延吉. “32 li duotai siwang an fenxi” 32例堕胎死亡案分析 (An Analysis of 32 Cases of Fatal Abortion). Xingshi jishu 刑事技术 (Forensic Science and Technology) 5 (1982): 13–18.Google Scholar

Yeung, Alison Sau-Chu. “Fornication in the Late Qing Legal Reforms Moral Teachings and Legal Principles.” Modern China 29, no. 3 (July 2003): 297–328.Google Scholar

“Youjian weichengnian nüzi bufang fangmian tiqi gongsu” 誘姦未成年女子捕房方面提起公司 (Court Prosecution for Luring an Underaged Girl). Shenbao 申報 15, July 1, 1935.Google Scholar

Yu, Hua. China in Ten Words. Allan H. Barr, trans. New York: Pantheon Books, 2011.Google Scholar

“Yue yue hong.” Funü shijie (Women’s World) 17, no. 7 (1931): n.p.Google Scholar

Zhai, Keith. “China Three-Child Policy Aims to Rejuvenate Aging Population.” Wall Street Journal, May 31, 2021. www.wsj.com/articles/china-to-ease-limits-on-births-allowing-couples-to-have-three-children-11622447583.Google Scholar

Zhang, Cun 张存. “Baihua dan duotai baixiezheng jixing shen gongneng shuaijie siwang yi li baogao” 白花丹堕胎致败血症急性肾功能衰竭死亡一例报告 (A Case of Death by Septicemia and Kidney Failure from Use of Baihua dan as an Abortifacient). Guangxi zhongyiyao 广西中医药 (Guangxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine) 1 (1986): n.p.Google Scholar

Zhang, Everett Yuehong. The Impotence Epidemic: Men’s Medicine and Sexual Desire in Contemporary China. Durham: Duke University Press, 2015.Google Scholar

Zhang, Min 章泯. Qi’er 棄兒 (Abandoned Child). Shanghai: Xin yanju she, 1937.Google Scholar

Zhang, Ruolin 张若麟, ed. Funü weisheng ji biyun changshi 妇女卫生及避孕常识 (General Knowledge about Women’s Hygiene and Birth Control). Shijiazhuang: Hebei renmin chubanshe, 1957.Google Scholar

Zhang, Yiling 张义凌. “Taobao guanggao cheng shingle nü’er zenme ban, Jiangsu fulian zazhi huyu daoqian” 淘宝广告称生了女儿怎么办 江苏妇联杂志呼吁道歉 (Jiangsu Women’s Federation Magazine Calls for an Apology Regarding Taobao Advertisement Entitled ‘What To Do If You Have a Daughter?’) Sina, April 27, 2018. http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2018-04-27/doc-ifztkpip4325744.shtml.Google Scholar

Zhao, Meng and Fu, Danni. “Sterilization Quotas Endure in Two-Child Policy Era.” Sixth Tone, February 22, 2017. http://www.sixthtone.com/news/1964/sterilization-quotas-endure-in-two-child-policy-era.Google Scholar

“Zhe xie jianzheng le jihua shengyu de haibao…” 这些见证了计划生育的海报… (Posters Attesting to Birth Planning…” Shishe shishi de boke 时拾史事的博客 (The Collecting Historical Events Blog), March 24, 2016. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_e39346e40102wej2.html.Google Scholar

“Zhege difang wei le guli sheng er tai, zuiduo jiangli 20 wan, ke haishi qi dao shenme xiaoguo” 这个地方为了鼓励生二胎，最多奖励20万，可还是没起到什么效果 (In Order to Encourage the Birth of Second Children, This Place Is Rewarding Up to 200,000 Yuan, But It’s Having No Effect). Sina, May 4, 2020. https://k.sina.cn/article_6426234852_17f088fe400100pynd.html?from=baby.Google Scholar

Zhen, Ni 珍妮. “Duotai he biyun” 墮胎和避孕 (Abortion and Birth Control). Xin funü yuekan 新婦女月刊 (New Women’s Monthly) 4 (1946): 20–21.Google Scholar

Zheng, Tiantian. Ethnographies of Prostitution in Contemporary China: Gender Relations, HIV/AIDS, and Nationalism. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2009.Google Scholar

“‘Zhongguo funü’ zazhe she” 《中国妇女》杂志社 (Women of China Magazine Publisher). Zhonghua quanguo funü lianhe hui 中华全国妇女联合会 (All-China Women’s Federation). http://www.women.org.cn/zhuanti/www.women.org.cn/quanguofulian/zhishudanwei/funvzazhishe.htm (accessed May 18, 2021).Google Scholar

Zhonghua quanguo funü lianhehui yanjiusuo 中华全国妇女联合会研究所 (All China Women’s Federation Research Institute). Zhongguo funü tongji ziliao, 1949–1989 中国妇女统计资料，1949–1989 (Statistical Data on Chinese Women, 1949–1989). Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 1991.Google Scholar

Zhonghua renmin gongheguo weisheng bu weisheng jiaoyu suo 中华人民共和国卫生部卫生教 育所 (Bureau of Hygiene Education of the People’s Republic of China Ministry of Health). Biyun qianhou 避孕前后 (Before and after Birth Control). Tianjin: Kexue puji chubanshe, 1957.Google Scholar

Zhonghua renmin gongheguo weisheng bu weisheng jiaoyu suo 中华人民共和国卫生部卫生教 育所 (Bureau of Hygiene Education of the People’s Republic of China Ministry of Health). Jiezhi shengyu xuanchuan shouce 节制生育宣传手册 (Birth Control Propaganda Handbook). Beijing: kexue puji chubanshe, 1958.Google Scholar

“Zhongyao biyun danfang” 中药避孕单方 (Chinese Medicine Contraceptive Prescription). Qingdao ribao 青岛日报 (Qingdao Daily), July 22, 1956.Google Scholar

Zhou, E’fen 周萼芬. “Biyun wenti da duzhe wen” 避孕問題答讀者問(Answering Readers’ Questions about Birth Control). Xin zhongguo funü 新中國婦女 (New Women of China) 74 (1955): 26.Google Scholar

Zhou, Jianren 周建人. “Chan’er zhidu gaishu” 產兒制度概述 (A Summary of Childbirth Limitation), Dongfang Zazhi 東方雜誌 (East Asian Miscellany) 19, no. 7 (1922): n.p.Google Scholar

Zhu, Xiao Di. Thirty Years in a Red House: A Memoir of Childhood and Youth in Communist China. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Zhu, Yu 朱玉. “Woguo jiang shishi jihua shengyu shengzhi jiankang youzhi fuwu san da gongcheng 我国将实施计划生育生殖健康服务三大工程 (My Country Will Implement Three Major Projects for High-Quality Birth Planning and Reproductive Health Services). Guangming ribao 光明日报 (Guangming Daily), June 7, 2001. www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2001-06/07/05-12E1300CFCC7501B48256A640004088A.htm.Google Scholar

Zi, Nan 子南. “Guafu duotai” 寡婦墮胎 (Widow Abortion). Shenbao 申報, March 10, 1935.Google Scholar

Zui xin biyunfa 最新避孕法 (The Newest Birth Control Methods). Shanghai: Zhongguo yousheng jiezhi xiehui, 1948.Google Scholar

Zuo, Songfen 左誦芬. “Zhencao, aiqing, hunyin” 貞操，愛情，婚姻 (Chastity, Love, Marriage). Xiandai funü 現代婦女 (Modern Woman) 13 (1949): 11–12.Google Scholar

Zurndorfer, Harriet. “Polygamy and Masculinity in China: Past and Present.” In Changing Chinese Masculinities: From Imperial Pillars of State to Global Real Men, edited by Louie, Kam, Hird, Derek, and Song, Geng. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2016.Google Scholar