Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T16:54:08.192Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 18 - Movement Disorders

from Section III - Care of the Elderly by Organ System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2022

Jan Busby-Whitehead
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Samuel C. Durso
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland
Christine Arenson
Affiliation:
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
Rebecca Elon
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Mary H. Palmer
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
William Reichel
Affiliation:
Georgetown University Medical Center
Get access

Summary

This chapter provides an overview of the three most common disorders likely to be encountered by geriatric providers. Together, tremors, parkinsonism, and gait disorders are common enough that nearly one in three patients in a geriatrics clinic may be affected by at least one of these disorders. Each section begins with definitions of each of the conditions, clinical phenomenology, and features, followed by practical treatment approaches and algorithms. In addition, when there is overlap between conditions (i.e., atypical parkinsonism), hallmarks and red flags of each condition will be highlighted to help to compare and contrast.

Type
Chapter
Information
Reichel's Care of the Elderly
Clinical Aspects of Aging
, pp. 218 - 234
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Martinez-Martin, P. What is quality of life and how do we measure it? Relevance to Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders. Mov Disord. 2017; 32(3):382392.Google Scholar
Verghese, J, et al. Epidemiology of gait disorders in community-residing older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006; 54(2):255261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Louis, ED, Thawani, SP, Andrews, HF. Prevalence of essential tremor in a multiethnic, community-based study in northern Manhattan, New York, N.Y. Neuroepidemiology. 2009; 32(3):208214.Google Scholar
de Rijk, MC, et al. Prevalence of parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease in Europe: The EUROPARKINSON Collaborative Study. European Community Concerted Action on the Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997; 62(1):1015.Google Scholar
Cohen, O, et al. Rest tremor in patients with essential tremor: Prevalence, clinical correlates, and electrophysiologic characteristics. Arch Neurol. 2003; 60(3):405410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, SA, Deuschl, G. The treatment of tremor. Neurotherapeutics, 2014; 11(1):128138.Google Scholar
Higgins, JJ, Pho, LT, Nee, LE. A gene (ETM) for essential tremor maps to chromosome 2p22-p25. Mov Disord. 1997; 12(6):859864.Google Scholar
Gulcher, JR, et al. Mapping of a familial essential tremor gene, FET1, to chromosome 3q13. Nat Genet. 1997; 17(1):8487.Google Scholar
Zesiewicz, TA, et al. Practice parameter: Therapies for essential tremor – Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2005; 64(12):20082020.Google Scholar
Koller, W, et al. High-frequency unilateral thalamic stimulation in the treatment of essential and parkinsonian tremor. Ann Neurol. 1997;42(3):292299.Google Scholar
Schuurman, PR, et al. A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342(7):461468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elias, WJ, et al. A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(8):730739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deuschl, G, Bain, P, Brin, M. Consensus statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor. Ad Hoc Scientific Committee. Mov Disord. 1998; 13(Suppl. 3):223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramirez-Zamora, A, Okun, MS. Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of uncommon tremor syndromes. Expert Rev Neurother. 2016; 16(8):983997.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P, et al. An extrapyramidal syndrome after lithium therapy. Br J Psychiatry. 1980; 136:191194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Niethammer, M, Ford, B. Permanent lithium-induced cerebellar toxicity: three cases and review of literature. Mov Disord. 2007; 22(4):570573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumann, CR. Epidemiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis in Parkinson’s disease tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012; 18(Suppl. 1):S9092.Google Scholar
Zesiewicz, TA, et al. Practice Parameter: Treatment of nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease – Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2010; 74(11):924931.Google Scholar
Hughes, AJ, et al. A clinicopathologic study of 100 cases of Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol. 1993; 50(2):140148.Google Scholar
Kagi, G, Bhatia, KP, Tolosa, E. The role of DAT-SPECT in movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010; 81(1):512.Google Scholar
Respondek, G, et al. The phenotypic spectrum of progressive supranuclear palsy: A retrospective multicenter study of 100 definite cases. Mov Disord. 2014; 29(14):17581766.Google Scholar
McKeith, IG, et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology. 2017; 89(1):88100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wenning, GK, et al. The natural history of multiple system atrophy: A prospective European cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12(3):264274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tu, PH, et al. Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in white matter oligodendrocytes of multiple system atrophy brains contain insoluble alpha-synuclein. Ann Neurol. 1998; 44(3):415422.Google Scholar
Armstrong, MJ, et al. Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration. Neurology. 2013; 80(5):496503.Google Scholar
Winikates, J, Jankovic, J. Clinical correlates of vascular parkinsonism. Arch Neurol. 1999; 56(1):98102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephen, PJ, Williamson, J. Drug-induced parkinsonism in the elderly. Lancet. 1984; 2(8411): 10821083.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langston, JW, Ballard, P. Parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): Implications for treatment and the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Can J Neurol Sci. 1984; 11(1 Suppl.):160165.Google Scholar
Olanow, CW. Manganese-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004; 1012:209223.Google Scholar
Klawans, HL, et al. A pure parkinsonian syndrome following acute carbon monoxide intoxication. Arch Neurol. 1982; 39(5):302304.Google Scholar
Parkinson Study, Group. Effects of tocopherol and deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328(3):176183.Google Scholar
Shults, CW, et al. Effects of coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: Evidence of slowing of the functional decline. Arch Neurol. 2002; 59(10):15411550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, A, et al. Duration of amantadine benefit on dyskinesia of severe Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004; 75(1):141143.Google Scholar
Pritchett, AM, et al. Valvular heart disease in patients taking pergolide. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002; 77(12):12801286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voon, V, et al. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: A multicenter case–control study. Ann Neurol. 2011; 69(6):986996.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weintraub, D, et al. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: A cross-sectional study of 3090 patients. Arch Neurol. 2010; 67(5):589595.Google Scholar
Whone, AL, et al. Slower progression of Parkinson’s disease with ropinirole versus levodopa: The REAL-PET study. Ann Neurol. 2003; 54(1):93101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parkinson Study Group. Dopamine transporter brain imaging to assess the effects of pramipexole vs levodopa on Parkinson disease progression. JAMA. 2002; 287(13):16531661.Google Scholar
Parkinson Study Group. Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000; 284(15):19311938.Google Scholar
Cilia, R, et al. The modern pre-levodopa era of Parkinson’s disease: Insights into motor complications from sub-Saharan Africa. Brain. 2014; 137(Pt 10):27312742.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rascol, O, et al. A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson’s disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342(20):14841491.Google Scholar
Stowe, RL, et al. Dopamine agonist therapy in early Parkinson’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008(2):CD006564.Google ScholarPubMed
Group PDMC, et al. Long-term effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors compared with levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD MED): A large, open-label, pragmatic randomised trial. Lancet. 2014; 384(9949):11961205.Google Scholar
Rinne, UK, et al. Brain receptor changes in Parkinson’s disease in relation to the disease process and treatment. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1983; 18:279286.Google Scholar
Mouradian, MM, et al. Modification of central dopaminergic mechanisms by continuous levodopa therapy for advanced Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol. 1990; 27(1):1823.Google Scholar
Block, G., et al. Comparison of immediate-release and controlled release carbidopa/levodopa in Parkinson’s disease: A multicenter 5-year study – The CR First Study Group. Eur Neurol. 1997; 37(1):2327.Google Scholar
Hauser, RA, et al. Extended-release carbidopa-levodopa (IPX066) compared with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with Parkinson’s disease and motor fluctuations: A phase 3 randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12(4):346356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mittur, A, Gupta, S, Modi, NB. Pharmacokinetics of Rytary((R)): An extended-release capsule formulation of Carbidopa-Levodopa. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2017; 56(9):9991014.Google Scholar
Fernandez, HH, et al. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson’s disease: Final 12-month, open-label results. Mov Disord. 2015; 30(4):500509.Google Scholar
Zibetti, M., et al. Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion in advanced Parkinson’s disease: A 7-year experience. Eur J Neurol. 2014; 21(2):312318.Google Scholar
Uncini, A, Eleopra, R, Onofrj, M. Polyneuropathy associated with duodenal infusion of levodopa in Parkinson’s disease: Features, pathogenesis and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015; 86(5):490495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parkinson Study Group. Entacapone improves motor fluctuations in levodopa-treated Parkinson’s disease patients. Ann Neurol. 1997; 42(5):747755.Google Scholar
Rajput, AH, et al. Tolcapone improves motor function in parkinsonian patients with the “wearing-off” phenomenon: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Neurology. 1997; 49(4):10661071.Google Scholar
Lew, MF, Kricorian, G. Results from a 2-year centralized tolcapone liver enzyme monitoring program. Clin Neuropharmacol, 2007; 30(5):281286.Google Scholar
Martinez-Ramirez, D, Okun, MS. Rationale and clinical pearls for primary care doctors referring patients for deep brain stimulation. Gerontology. 2014; 60(1):3848.Google Scholar
Deuschl, G, et al. A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355(9):896908.Google Scholar
Rodriguez-Oroz, MC, et al. Bilateral deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: A multicentre study with 4 years follow-up. Brain. 2005; 128(Pt 10):22402249.Google Scholar
Perestelo-Perez, L, et al. Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Neurol. 2014; 261(11):20512060.Google Scholar
Ostergaard, K, Aa Sunde, N. Evolution of Parkinson’s disease during 4 years of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Mov Disord. 2006; 21(5):624631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marras, C., et al. Survival in Parkinson disease: Thirteen-year follow-up of the DATATOP cohort. Neurology. 2005; 64(1):8793.Google Scholar
Tuck, KK, et al. Preferences of patients with Parkinson’s disease for communication about advanced care planning. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2015; 32(1):6877.Google Scholar
Barak, Y, Wagenaar, RC, Holt, KG. Gait characteristics of elderly people with a history of falls: A dynamic approach. Phys Ther. 2006; 86(11):15011510.Google Scholar
Marmarou, A, et al. Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Progress to date. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2005; 95:237240.Google Scholar
Zesiewicz, TA, et al. Comprehensive systematic review summary: Treatment of cerebellar motor dysfunction and ataxia – Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2018; 90(10):464471.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×