Chapter 5 shows how the methods introduced in the preceding chapters can be used to gain novel substantive and theoretical insights. We show how RIO can be used to identify multiple storylines implied by a single regression model by examining cases (or sets of cases) that contribute to the regression model in otherwise unseen ways. We illustrate RIO’s substantive benefits through empirical analyses of (1) the effects of regional integration on inequality, (2) the social determinants of health, and (3) the correlates of dog ownership.