Personality disorder

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511543616.010

9 - Personality disorder

from Part II - Psychopathology and special topics

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 December 2009

William R. Lindsay

Edited by

Nick Bouras and

Geraldine Holt

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William R. Lindsay: Affiliation:
Consultant Forensic Clinical Psychologist, The State Hospital
Nick Bouras: Affiliation:
King's College London
Geraldine Holt: Affiliation:
King's College London

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Summary

Introduction

Both DSM-IV and ICD-10 have classifications for a range of personality disorders (PD). Both have a categorical structure to classification and have the same strengths and weaknesses. The research covered in this chapter will allude primarily to DSM-IV-TR classifications but is directly relevant to considerations on ICD-10 classification. It should be noted that there has recently been a review of ICD-10 classifications, that takes account of an intellectual disabilities (ID) perspective, DC-LD (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2001). From the viewpoint of PD there are interesting basic alterations in DC-LD. Firstly, it recommends that, because of developmental delay in these individuals, diagnosis should not be made until at least 21 years of age. In addition, DC-LD requires the initial confirmation of PD unspecified, before progressing to more general diagnoses of PD. Personality disorder unspecified requires that the characteristics must not be a direct consequence of the person's ID and also states specifically that there must be associated significant problems in occupational and/or social functioning. Therefore, the impact of personality on the person's general social and occupational function is explicitly considered as a requirement for diagnosis (see also Chapter 1 by Sturmey).

The DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) has extensive trait descriptions for ten specific PDs in three clusters. Cluster A includes paranoid PD (suspiciousness and distrust); schizoid PD (detachment from social relationships, a restricted range of emotional expression); and schizotypal PD (acute discomfort in close relationships, eccentricities of behaviour including magical control and idiosyncratic speech).

Type: Chapter
Information: Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities , pp. 143 - 153

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543616.010 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2007

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