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18 - Behavioural approaches to treatment: principles and practices

from Part III - Treatment and therapeutic interventions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2009

By
Betsey A. Benson  and
Susan M. Havercamp
Edited by
Nick Bouras  and
Geraldine Holt
Betsey A. Benson
Affiliation:
Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychology, The Ohio State University
Susan M. Havercamp
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina
Nick Bouras
Affiliation:
King's College London
Geraldine Holt
Affiliation:
King's College London
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Summary

Introduction

Behavioural interventions have played a prominent role in the habilitation of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) since the 1960s. Prior to the application of behavioural techniques, individuals with ID were often placed in institutions where they received custodial care and psychotropic drugs to manage disruptive behaviour. Behavioural techniques improved daily living skills and reduced the maladaptive behaviour of individuals of all ages and all levels of intellectual functioning (Matson, 1990). The results of behavioural interventions generated a positive outlook among professionals regarding the potential of individuals with ID to learn new behaviours and to become more independent.

One development in behavioural practices in recent years has been the emergence of an approach called Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) (Carr et al., 2002). Positive Behaviour Support integrates behavioural analysis with person-centred philosophy by emphasizing the importance of co-ordinating with stakeholders and professionals, by promoting the value of proactive skill-building to prevent the recurrence of problem behaviour, and by incorporating strategies that are relevant to naturalistic, community-based settings (Carr et al., 2002; Lucyshyn et al., 2002). The approach reflects a general trend in the social sciences away from a focus on pathology to a positive model that stresses personal competence and environmental integrity (Carr et al., 2002). An analysis of published research on PBS concluded that the approach is widely applicable to people with serious problem behaviour and that the field is growing rapidly, especially in the use of assessment and interventions focused on correcting environmental deficiencies.

Type
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Information
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities , pp. 283 - 309
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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