ACOG. (2009). Postpartum screening for abnormal glucose tolerance in women who had gestational diabetes mellitus. ACOG Committee Opinion, Vol. 435. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.Google Scholar

Adhikari, M, Jeena, P. (2009). Tuberculosis in pregnancy and in the neonate. In Schaaf, HS, Zumia, A (eds), Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier: 572–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ahmed, A, Mwaba, P, Chintu, C et al. (1999). A study of maternal mortality at the University Teaching hospital, Zambia: the emergence of tuberculosis as a major non-obstetric cause of maternal death. Int J Tuberculosis Lung Dis; 3: 675–80.Google ScholarPubMed

Betran, A, Merialdi, M, Lauer, JA. et al. (2007). Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional, and national estimates. Paediat Perinat Epidemiol; 21: 98–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Black, V, Brooke, S, Chersich, MF. (2009). Effect of human immunodeficiency virus treatment on maternal mortality at a tertiary center in South Africa. Obst Gyn; 114: 292–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brooker, S, Hotez, PJ, Bundy, DAP. (2008). Hookworm-related anaemia among pregnant women: a systematic review. Plos Neglected Trop Dis; 2: e291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Coetzee, EJ. (2009). Pregnancy and diabetes scenario around the world: Africa. Int J Gyn Obst: 104(Suppl 1): S39–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Creasey, R, Resnick, R, Iams, J. et al. (eds.) (2009). Creasy & Resnick's Maternal–Foetal Medicine. 6th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.Google Scholar

Cross, S, Bell, JS, Graham, WJ. (2010). What you count is what you target: the implications of maternal death classification for tracking progress towards reducing maternal mortality in developing countries. Bull World Hlth Org; 88: 147–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cunningham, FG, Leveno, KJ, Bloom, SL, et al. (2010). Williams obstetrics. (23rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.Google Scholar

De Benoist, B, Mclean, E, Egli, I. et al. (2008). Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993–2005: WHO global database on anaemia. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

Desai, M, Kuile, FO, Nosten, F. et al. (2007). Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Lancet Infect Dis; 7: 93–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Duley, L, Henderson-Smart, D. (2000). Magnesium sulfate versus diazepam for eclampsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000127.CrossRef

Fawcus, S.R. (2008). Maternal mortality and unsafe abortion. Best Pract Res. Clin Obst Gyn; 22: 533–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Feng, G, Aitken, E, Yosaatmadja, F. et al. (2009). Antibodies to variant surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes are associated with protection from treatment failure and the development of anaemia in pregnancy. J Infecti Dis; 200: 299–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fleming, AF, De Silva, PS. (2009). Haematological diseases in the tropics. In Cook, GC, Zumla, A (eds), Manson's Tropical Diseases. 22nd edn. London, UK: Saunders Elsevier.Google Scholar

Guinn, DA, Abel, DE, Tomlinson, MW. (2007). Early goal directed therapy for sepsis during pregnancy. Obst Gyn Clin N Am; 34: 459–79, xi.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hossain, M, Broutet, N, Hawkes, S. (2007). The elimination of congenital syphilis: a comparison of the proposed World Health Organization action plan for the elimination of congenital syphilis with existing national maternal and congenital syphilis policies. Sex Transm Dis; 34: s22–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2010). Active management of the third stage of labour: prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: No. 235 October 2009 (Replaces No. 88, April 2000). Int J Gyn Obst; 108(3): 258–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Khan, M, Pillay, T, Moodley, J. et al. (2001). Maternal mortality associated with tuberculosis-HIV-1 co-infection in Durban, South Africa. AIDS; 15: 1857–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Khan, KS, Wojdyla, D, Say, L, et al. (2006). WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet; 367: 1066–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Menendez, C, Romagosa, C, Ismail, MR. et al. (2008). An autopsy study of maternal mortality in Mozambique: the contribution of infectious diseases. PLoS Med; 5: e44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mockenhaupt, FP, Rong, B, Günther, M. et al. (2000). Anaemia in pregnant Ghanaian women: importance of malaria, iron deficiency, and haemoglobinopathies. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg; 94: 477–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Neilson, J, Lavender, T, Quenby, S. et al. (2003). Obstructed labor. Br Med Bull; 67: 191–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nqayana, T, Moodley, J, Naidoo, DP. (2008). Cardiac disease in pregnancy. Cardiovas J Africa; 19: 145–50.Google ScholarPubMed

Ordi, J, Ismail, MR, Carrilho, C. et al. (2009). Clinico-pathological discrepancies in the diagnosis of causes of maternal death in Sub-Saharan Africa: retrospective analysis. PLoS Med; 6: e1000036.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ozumba, BC, Obi, SN, Oli, JM. (2004). Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy in an African population. Int J Gyn Obst; 84: 114–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rahimy, MC, Gangbo, A, Adjou, R. et al. (2000). Effect of active prenatal management on pregnancy outcome in sickle cell disease in an African setting. Blood; 96: 1685–9.Google Scholar

Romagosa, C, Ordi, J, Saute, F. et al. (2007). Seasonal variations in maternal mortality in Maputo, Mozambique: the role of malaria. Trop Med Int Hlth. TM, IH; 12: 62–7.Google ScholarPubMed

Rydzak, CE, Goldie, SJ. (2008). Cost-effectiveness of rapid point-of-care prenatal syphilis screening in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sex Transm Dis; 35: 775–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save the Children. (2010). Women on the front lines of health care: state of the world's mothers 2010.

Schmid, GP, Stoner, BP, Hawkes, S. et al. (2007). The need and plan for global elimination of congenital syphilis. Sex Transm Dis; 34: s5–s10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sebitloane, HM, Mhlanga, RE. (2008). Changing patterns of maternal mortality (HIV/AIDS related) in poor countries. Best Pract Res Clin Obst Gyn; 22: 489–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sibai, BM. (2005). Diagnosis, prevention, and management of eclampsia. Obst Gyn; 105: 402–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Singh, S, Wulf, D, Hussain, R. et al. (2009). Abortion Worldwide: A Decade of Uneven Progress. New York, New York: Guttmacher Institute.Google Scholar

Singh, S. (2006). Hospital admissions resulting from unsafe abortion: estimates from 13 developing countries. Lancet; 368: 1887–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Thonneau, P, Goyaux, N, Goufodji, S. et al. (2002). Abortion and maternal mortality in Africa. N Engl J Med; 347: 1984–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

UNICEF. (2009). State of the World's Children. Maternal and Newborn Health. 2008. New York: United Nations Children's Fund.Google Scholar

Van Dillen, J, Meguid, T, Van Roosmalen, J. (2006). Maternal mortality audit in a hospital in Northern Namibia: the impact of HIV/AIDS. Acta Obst Gyn; 85: 499–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Van Mook, WNKA, Peeters, L. (2005). Severe cardiac disease in pregnancy, part I: hemodynamic changes and complaints during pregnancy, and general management of cardiac disease in pregnancy. Curr Opin Crit Care; 11: 430–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Watson-Jones, D, Gumodoka, B, Weiss, H. et al. (2002). Syphilis in pregnancy in Tanzania. II. The effectiveness of antenatal syphilis screening and single-dose benzathine penicillin treatment for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Infect Dis; 186: 948–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

WHO. (2004). Mother–Baby Package: Implementing Safe Motherhood in Countries. 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

WHO. (2006). 2006 World Health Report. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

WHO. (2007). Standards for maternal and neonatal care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

WHO Rapid Advice. (2009). Use of antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

WHO. (2010). Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2008. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

Zijp, IM, Korver, OAT, Lilian, BM. (2000). Effect of tea and other dietary factors on iron absorption. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr; 40: 371–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed