Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. in Berkowits, L. (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 267–300). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Allen, T. D., Cho, E. & Meier, L. L. (2014). Work–family boundary dynamics. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 99–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aronsson, G. & Gustafsson, K. (2005). Sickness presenteeism: Prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47, 958–966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K. & Dallner, M. (2000). Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 502–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bakker, A. B. (2009). Building engagement in the workplace, in Burke, R. J. & Cooper, C. L. (Eds.), The Peak Performing Organization, 50–72, Oxford, UK: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bakker, A. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research. New York, NY: Psychology Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (51), 1173–1182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Behan, B., Drobnič, S. & Präg, P. (2014). The work–family interface of service sector workers: a comparison of work resources and professional status across five European countries. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 63(1), 29–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bergström, G., Bodin, L., Hagberg, J. et al. (2009). Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health? International Archives Environmental Health, 82, 1179–1190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Billing, T. K., Bhagat, R. S., Babakus, E. et al. (2014). Work–family conflict and organizationally valued outcomes: the moderating role of decision latitude in five national contexts. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 63(1), 62–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Böckerman, P. & Laukkanen, E. (2010). Predictors of sickness absence and presenteeism: Does the pattern differ by a respondent’s health? Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52(3), 332–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Buckingham, M. & Coffman, C. (1999). First, Break all the Rules: What the World’s Greatest Managers do Differently. New York, NY: Simon & Shuster.Google Scholar

Casper, W. J., Allen, T. D. & Poelmans, S. A. Y. (2014). International perspectives on work and family: an introduction to the special section. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 63(1), 1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cheung, G. W. & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clark, S. C. (2000). Work-family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance, Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clark, S. L. & Weismantle, M. (2003). Employment Status: 2000. Census Brief Series.Google Scholar

Coté, D. & Haccoun, R. R. (1991). L’absentéisme des femmes et des hommes: Une meta analyse. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 8, 130–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

De Beer, L. T. (2014). The effect of presenteeism-related health conditions on employee work engagement levels: A comparison between groups. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(1), 1–8.Google Scholar

Dew, K., Keefe, V. & Small, K. (2005). “Choosing” to work when sick: Workplace presenteeism. Social Science & Medicine, 60, 2273–2282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ferreira, A. I. & Martinez, L. F. (2012). Presenteeism and burnout among teachers in public and private Portuguese elementary schools. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(20), 4380–4390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ferreira, A. I., Martinez, L. F., Cooper, C. L. & Gui, D. M. (2015). LMX as a negative predictor of presenteeism climate: A cross-cultural study in the financial and health sectors. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 2(3), 282–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ferreira, A. I., Martinez, L. F., Sousa, L. M. & Cunha, J. V. (2010). Tradução e validação para a língua portuguesa das escalas de presentismo WLQ-8 e SPS-6 [Validation into Portuguese language of presenteeism scales WLQ-8 and SPS-6]. Avaliação Psicológica, 9, 253–266.Google Scholar

Field, A. (2004). Discovering Statistics using SPSS. Sage: London.Google Scholar

Garczynski, A. M., Waldrop, J. S., Rupprecht, E. A. & Grawitch, M. J. (2013). Differentiation between work and nonwork self-aspects as a predictor of presenteeism and engagement: Cross-cultural differences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(4), 417–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gosselin, E. & Lauzier, M. (2011). Le Présentéisme. Revue Française de Gestion, 211, 15–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gosselin, E., Lemyre, L. & Corneil, W. (2013). Presenteeism and absenteeism: Differentiated understanding of related phenomena. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(1), 75–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L. & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit – level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268–279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Hemp, P. (2004). Presenteeism – At work: But out of it. Harvard Business Review, 82, 49–58.Google ScholarPubMed

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar

Hofstede, G. (1994). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: Harper Collins Publishers.Google Scholar

House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar

Janssens, H., Clays, E., de Clercq, B. et al. (2016). Association between psychosocial characteristics of work and presenteeism: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 29(2), 331–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Javidan, M., House, R., Dorfman, P., Hanges, P. & Luque, M. S. (2006). Conceptualizing and measuring cultures and their consequences: A comparative review of GLOBE’s and Hofstede’s approaches. Journal of International Business Studies, 37, 897–914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Javidan, M., Stahl, G. K., Brodbeck, F. & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2005). Cross-border transfer of knowledge: Cultural lessons from Project GLOBE. Academy of Management Executive, 19(2), 59–76.Google Scholar

Johns, G. (2010). Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 519–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johns, G. (2011). Attendance dynamics at work: The antecedents and correlates of presenteeism, absenteeism and productivity loss. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(4), 483–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Judge, T. A. & Colquitt, J. A. (2004). Organizational justice and stress: The mediating role of work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 395–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692–724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Karanika-Murray, M., Pontes, H. M. & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Sickness presenteeism determines job satisfaction via affective-motivational states. Social Science and Medicine, 139, 100–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kiburz, K. M., Allen, T. D. & French, K. A. (2017). Work–family conflict and mindfulness: Investigating the effectiveness of a brief training intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, forthcoming.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Knies, S., Candel, M. M., Boonen, A. et al. (2012). Lost productivity in four European countries among patients with rheumatic disorders are absenteeism and presenteeism transferable? Pharmacoeconomics, 30(9), 795–807.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kodz, J., Harper, H. & Dench, S. (2002). Work–Life Balance: Beyond the Rhetoric. Institute for Employment Studies Report, 384. London: IES.Google Scholar

Kogut, B. & Singh, H. (1988). The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(3), 411–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Koopman, C., Pelletier, K. R., Murray, J. F. et al. (2002). Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health status and employee productivity. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 44, 14–20.Google ScholarPubMed

Laurent, A. (1983). The cultural diversity of Western conceptions of management. International Studies of Management & Organization, 13(1/2), 75–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Loeppke, R., Taitel, M., Haufle, V., Parry, T., Kessler, R. C. & Jinnett, K. (2009). Health and productivity as a business strategy: A multi-employer study. Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine, 51(4), 411–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lu, L., Cooper, C. L. & Lin, H. Y. (2013a). A cross-cultural examination of presenteeism and supervisory support. Career Development International, 18(5), 440–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lu, L., Lin, H. Y. & Cooper, C. L. (2013b). Unhealthy and present: motives and consequences of the act of presenteeism among Taiwanese employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(4), 406–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Martinez, L. F. & Ferreira, A. I. (2012). Sick at work: Presenteeism among nurses in a Portuguese public hospital. Stress and Health, 28(4), 297–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McCartney, C. (2003). Work–Life Balance: A Guide for Organisations. West Sussex, UK: Roffey Park Institute.Google Scholar

Meijman, T. F. & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload, in Drenth, P. J. D. & Thierry, H. (Eds.), Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology (vol. 2). Work Psychology (pp. 5–33). Hove, England: Psychology Press.Google Scholar

Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A. & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of work–family conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 689–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S. & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neto, M., Ferreira, A. I., Martinez, L. F. & Ferreira, P. C. (2017). Workplace bullying and presenteeism: The path through emotional exhaustion and psychological wellbeing. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 61(5), 528–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nicholson, N. & Johns, G. (1985). The absence culture and the psychological contract: Who’s in control of absence? Academy of Management Review, 10, 397–407.Google Scholar

OECD (2017). Unemployment rate (indicator). doi:10.1787/997c8750-en. Retrieved February 15, 2017 from https://data.oecd.org/unemp/unemployment-rate.htm.Google Scholar

Opie, T. J. & Henn, C. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and work engagement among mothers: Conscientiousness and neuroticism as moderators. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39(1), 1–12.Google Scholar

Richman, A. (2006). Everyone wants an engaged workforce: how can you create it? Workspan, 49, 36–39.Google Scholar

Rokeach, M. (1973). The Nature of Human Values. New York. NY: The Free Press.Google Scholar

Schaufeli, W. B. & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, Job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B. & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V. & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Simpson, R. (1998). Presenteeism, power and organizational change: long hours as a career barrier and the impact on the working lives of women managers. British Journal of Management, 9, S37–S50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, P. B. & Bond, M. H. (1999). Social Psychology Across Cultures (2nd ed). Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar

Smith, P. B., Bond, M. H. & Kağitçibaşi, Ç. (2006). Understanding Social Psychology Across Cultures: Living and Working in a Changing World. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sparks, K., Cooper, C., Fried, Y. & Shirom, A. (1997). The effects of hours of work on health: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 391–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stankiewickz, J., Bortnowska, H. & Lychmus, P. (2014). Conditions necessary to maintain work-life balance of employees – in the light of the research results. Management: The Journal of University of Zielona Góra, 18, 326–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stevens, M. (2004). Present dangers: Presenteeism is the next area of focus as companies seek to maximize their investment in human capital by improving productivity and promoting employee health and wellness – disability. Risk & Insurance, online content retrieved December 15, 2016 from www.injurynet.com.au/resource/Present_Dangers.pdf.Google Scholar

Stock, R. M., Strecker, M. M. & Bieling, G. I. (2016). Organizational work–family support as universal remedy? A cross-cultural comparison of China, India and the USA. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(11), 1192–1216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Torres, C. V. (2009). Do Social Norms Have an Influence in Leadership Style Preference? Assessing Leadership Style Differences Between Americans and Brazilians. London: VDM.Google Scholar

Worrall, L., Cooper, C. & Campbell, F. (2000). The new reality for UK managers: Perpetual change and employment instability. Work, Employment & Society, 14, 647–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zhou, Q., Martinez, L. F., Ferreira, A. I. & Rodrigues, P. (2016). Supervisor support, role ambiguity and productivity associated with presenteeism: A longitudinal study. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3380–3387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aronsson, G. & Gustafsson, K. (2005). Sickness presenteeism: prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47(9), 958–966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K. & Dallner, M. (2000). Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54(7), 502–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baker-McClearn, D., Greasley, K., Dale, J. & Griffith, F. (2010). Absence management and presenteeism: The pressures on employees to attend work and the impact of attendance on performance. Human Resource Management Journal, 20(3), 311–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bergström, G., Bodin, L., Hagberg, J., Lindh, T., Aronsson, G. & Josephson, M. (2009). Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health?. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 82(10), 1179–1190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bierla, I., Huver, B. & Richard, S. (2011). Presenteeism at work: the influence of managers. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 3(2), 97–107.Google Scholar

Cancelliere, C., Cassidy, J. D., Ammendolia, C. & Côté, P. (2011). Are workplace health promotion programs effective at improving presenteeism in workers? A systematic review and best evidence synthesis of the literature. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Centre for Mental Health (2011). Managing presenteeism: a discussion paper. Retrieved www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/managing-presenteeism.Google Scholar

Cheng, B. S. (1990). Quantitative testing of organizational cultural values. Journal of Chinese Psychology, 33, 31–49.Google Scholar

Cheng, Y., Park, J., Kim, Y. & Kawakami, N. (2012). The recognition of occupational diseases attributed to heavy workloads: experiences in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 85(7), 791–799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Collins, J. J., Baase, C. M., Sharda, C. E. et al. (2005). The assessment of chronic health conditions on work performance, absence, and total economic impact for employers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47(6), 547–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dew, K., Keefe, V. & Small, K. (2005). “Choosing” to work when sick: workplace presenteeism. Social Science & Medicine, 60(10), 2273–2282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dong, X. F., Liu, Y. J., Wang, J. X. & Peng, Z. M. (2013). Development of the Work Limitations Questionnaire Chinese version (WLQ-C). Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing, 29(12), 54–57.Google Scholar

Elstad, J. I. & Vabø, M. (2008). Job stress, sickness absence and sickness presenteeism in Nordic elderly care. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 36(5), 467–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fan, Y. (2000). A classification of Chinese culture. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 7(2), 3–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Farh, J. L., Earley, P. C. & Lin, S. C. (1997). Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 421–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Farh, J. L., Hackett, R. D. & Liang, J. (2007). Individual-level cultural values as moderators of perceived organizational support–employee outcome relationships in China: Comparing the effects of power distance and traditionality. Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 715–729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fung, Y. L. (1997). A Short History of Chinese Philosophy. Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Garrow, V. (2016). Presenteeism: a review of current thinking. Institute for Employment Studies Report, 507.Google Scholar

Gosselin, E., Lemyre, L. & Corneil, W. (2013). Presenteeism and absenteeism: Differentiated understanding of related phenomena. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(1), 75–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Grinyer, A. & Singleton, V. (2000). Sickness absence as risk-taking behaviour: a study of organisational and cultural factors in the public sector. Health, Risk & Society, 2(1), 7–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hansen, C. D. & Andersen, J. H. (2008). Going ill to work–What personal circumstances, attitudes and work-related factors are associated with sickness presenteeism? Social Science & Medicine, 67(6), 956–964.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hemp, P. (2004). Presenteeism: At work-but out of it. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 49–58.Google ScholarPubMed

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: do American theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), 42–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hou, W. J. & Zhan, J. (2016). Measuring productivity loss ascribed to presenteeism in the workplace. Human Resource Development of China, 13, 48–54. (In Chinese.)Google Scholar

Hui, C., Lee, C. & Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Psychological contract and organizational citizenship behavior in china: Investigating generalizability and instrumentality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 311–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

International Institute for Management Development (IMD). (2010). The World Competitiveness Yearbook. IMD, Lausanne.Google Scholar

Iwasaki, K., Takahashi, M. & Nakata, A. (2006). Health problems due to long working hours in Japan: working hours, workers’ compensation (Karoshi), and preventive measures. Industrial Health, 44(4), 537–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jin, J. F., Xu, S. & Wang, Y. X. (2014). A Comparison Study of Role Overload, Work-Family Conflict and Depression between China and North America: The Moderation Effect of Social Support. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 8, 010. (In Chinese.)Google Scholar

Johansen, V. (2013). Sickness presenteeism in Norway and Sweden. Nordic Journal of Social Research, 3, 88–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johns, G. (2010). Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(4), 519–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johns, G. (2011). Attendance dynamics at work: the antecedents and correlates of presenteeism, absenteeism, and productivity loss. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(4), 483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Labor Law of People’s Republic of China. 1995.Google Scholar

Lau, S. K. 1982. Society and Politics in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.Google Scholar

Lin, H. Y. & Lu, L. (2013). Presenteeism in workplace: Constructing a cross-cultural framework. Journal of Human Resource Management (Taiwan), 13(3), 29–55. (In Chinese.)Google Scholar

Liu, S. (2003). Cultures within culture: Unity and diversity of two generations of employees in state-owned enterprises. Human Relations, 56(4), 387–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lu, L. & Chou, C. Y. (in press). To be published in Cooper, C. L. & Leiter, M. (Eds.), Routledge Companion to Wellbeing at Work. London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar

Lu, L., Kao, S. F., Chang, T. T., Wu, H. P. & Jin, Z. (2008). The individual-and social-oriented Chinese bicultural self: A subcultural analysis contrasting mainland Chinese and Taiwanese. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal, 36(3), 337–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lu, L., Cooper, C. & Yen Lin, H. (2013a). A cross-cultural examination of presenteeism and supervisory support. Career Development International, 18(5), 440–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lu, L., Lin, H. Y. & Cooper, C. L. (2013b). Unhealthy and present: Motives and consequences of the act of presenteeism among Taiwanese employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(4), 406–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McKevitt, C., Morgan, M., Dundas, R. & Holland, W. W. (1997). Sickness absence and “working through” illness: A comparison of two professional groups. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 19, 295–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Medibank (2011). Sick at work: The cost of presenteeism to your business and the economy. Research paper draws on the results from Economic Modelling of the Cost of Presenteeism in Australia: 2011 Update (Medibank, KPMG Econtech) published in July 2011.Google Scholar

Meijman, T.F. & Mulder, G. (1998), Psychological aspects of workload, in Drenth, P. J., Thierry, H. & de Wolff, C. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2nd ed., Taylor & Francis, Hove, pp. 5–33.Google Scholar

Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A. & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of work–family conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 689–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Munir, F., Yarker, J. & Haslam, C. (2008). Sickness absence management: encouraging attendance or “risk-taking” presenteeism in employees with chronic illness? Disability and Rehabilitation, 30(19), 1461–1472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Porter, G. (2004). Work, work ethic, work excess. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(5), 424–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ralston, D. A., Gustafson, D. J., Elsass, P. M., Cheung, F. & Terpstra, R. H. (1992). Eastern values: A comparison of managers in the United States, Hong Kong, and the People’s Republic of China. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(5), 664–671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Redding, G. (1990). The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism (Vol. 22). Walter de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schultz, A. B., Chen, C. Y. & Edington, D. W. (2009). The cost and impact of health conditions on presenteeism to employers. Pharmacoeconomics, 27(5), 365–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Smith, S. (2016a). Presenteeism Cost Business 10 Times More than Absenteeism. EHS Today.Google Scholar

Smith, S. (2016b). Phoning it in: do you know how much presenteeism costs your business? EHS Today.Google Scholar

Taylor, J. (2016). Working extra hours in the Australian public service: Organizational drivers and consequences. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 0734371X16658335.Google Scholar

Vertinsky, I., Tse, D. K., Wehrung, D. A. & Lee, K. H. (1990). Organizational design and management norms: A comparative study of managers’ perceptions in the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Canada. Journal of Management, 16(4), 853–867.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wei, L. Q., Liu, J., Chen, Y. Y. & Wu, L. Z. (2010). Political skill, supervisor–subordinate guanxi and career prospects in Chinese firms. Journal of Management Studies, 47(3), 437–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Whitcomb, L. L., Erdener, C. B. & Li, C. (1998). Business ethical values in China and the US. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(8), 839–852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yang, K. S., Yu, A. B. & Yeh, M. H. (1989). Chinese individual modernity and traditionality: Construct definition and measurement. Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary Conference on Chinese Psychology and Behavior (Vol. 2870354) (In Chinese.)Google Scholar

Yang, K. S. & Cheng, B. S. (1987). Traditional value, modernity and organizational behavior: amicro-examination of post-Confucian hypotheses. The Central Research Institute of Ethnology, 64, 1–49.Google Scholar

Yang, Z., Yang, B. & Li, J. (2015). Perspectives on compensation and legislation of death due to work overload: Karoshi. An International Journal of Medicine, 108(4), 349–350.Google ScholarPubMed

Zhang, M., Li, H., Wei, J. & Yang, B. Y. (2011). Cross-over effects or direct effects? The mechanism linking work–family conflict with outcomes. Acta Psychological Sinica, 43, 573–588. (In Chinese.)Google Scholar

Zhao, F., Dai, J. M., Yan, S. Y., Yang, P. D. & Fu, H. (2010). Reliability and validity of Stanford Presenteeism Scale Chinese version. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Disease, 28(9), 679–682. (In Chinese.)Google ScholarPubMed