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27 - Pulmonary Embolism

from Section 5 - Respiratory Emergencies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2023

Kaushal Shah
Affiliation:
Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York
Jarone Lee
Affiliation:
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
Clark G. Owyang
Affiliation:
Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York
Benjamin Christian Renne
Affiliation:
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Summary

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality and has a wide spectrum of severity, from incidental diagnosis in an asymptomatic patient to sudden refractory shock and cardiovascular collapse. Although the exact incidence remains uncertain, it is estimated that approximately 600,000 patients are diagnosed with PE annually in the United States, with mortality rates as high as 30% for patients with hemodynamic instability at presentation. A high-risk PE is one associated with hypotension or bradycardia. An intermediate-risk PE has evidence of RV strain, either by imaging or biomarkers (troponin or BNP). All others are low-risk PEs. The diagnosis of PE is often complicated by presentations that can be subtle, atypical or confounded by another coexisting disease.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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References

Giri, J, Sista A, & Weinberg I. Interventional therapies for acute pulmonary embolism-current status and principles for the development of novel evidence: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019;140(20):e774e801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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