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from Section 2 - Infectious Disease Emergencies
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 November 2023
Meningitis is inflammation of the meningeal membranes of the brain and spinal cord. Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma with or without inflammation of the meninges. Cerebral perfusion is a function of arterial pressure and intracranial pressure (i.e., cerebral perfusion pressure = mean arterial pressure – intracranial pressure). Hypoperfusion results from cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Meningitis is a life-threatening condition with up to 30% mortality and high risk of long-term neurological complications.
The differential diagnosis for meningitis and encephalitis includes subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral venous thrombosis, metabolic/toxic encephalopathy and other infections not involving the central nervous system (CNS).
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