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from Section 9 - Endocrine Emergencies
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 November 2023
Adrenal insufficiency can be either primary, resulting from destruction of the adrenal gland, or secondary, resulting from a deficiency of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticotropin).
Adrenal crisis is either the acute development of severe adrenal insufficiency or a rapid deterioration from baseline chronic adrenal insufficiency (which is often insidious) brought on by a stressor.
The adrenal gland (made up of cortex and medulla) produces three categories of steroids: glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and gonadocorticoids (sex hormones). Aldosterone levels change in response to volume status and sodium intake. Aldosterone maintains sodium and potassium concentration and regulates water balance.
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