Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T16:54:17.053Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Select Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2020

Michele Goodwin
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Policing the Womb
Invisible Women and the Criminalization of Motherhood
, pp. 283 - 317
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

Advocates For Youth, Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs: Ineffective, Unethical, and Poor Public Health, Policy Brief (2007).Google Scholar
Am. Coll. of Nurse Midwives, Position Statement: Shackling/Restraint of Pregnant Women Who Are Incarcerated (approved June 2012).Google Scholar
Am. Coll. of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Health Care for Pregnant and Postpartum Incarcerated Women and Adolescent Females, Comm. Op. 511 (2011 ).Google Scholar
Am. Med. Ass’n, AMA Code of Ethics, Opinion 5.05: Confidentiality (last updated June 2007).Google Scholar
Am. Public Health Ass’n, Reducing US Maternal Mortality as a Human Right, Policy No. 201114 (Nov. 1, 2011).Google Scholar
Amnesty Int’l, Criminalizing Pregnancy: Policing Pregnant Women Who Use Drugs in the USA (2017).Google Scholar
Bush-Baskette, Stephanie & Patino, Vanessa, The National Council on Crime and Delinquency’s Evaluation of the Project Development of National Institute of Corrections/Child Welfare League of America’s Planning and Intervention Sites Funded to Address the Needs of Children of Incarcerated Parents, Nat’l Council on Crime & Delinquency (Oct. 2004).Google Scholar
Butchart, Alexander & Phinney Harvey, Alison, World Health Org. & Int’l Soc’y for Prevention of Child Abuse & Neglect, Preventing Child Maltreatment: A Guide To Taking Action And Generating Evidence (2006).Google Scholar
Cadoff, Becca, States Aim to Make the Grade When it Comes to Shackling Pregnant Prisoners, ACLU (Mar. 31, 2011, 7:35 PM), http://www.aclu.org/blog/prisoners-rights-reproductive-freedom-womens-rights/states-aim-make-grade-when-it-comes.Google Scholar
Ctr. for Reproductive Rights, Punishing Women for Their Behavior During Pregnancy (Sept. 2000).Google Scholar
Ctr. for Substance Abuse Research, Long Term Drug Treatment Outcomes in Maryland: Results of the Topps II Project (2003).Google Scholar
Cool, Lisa Collier, Could You Be Forced to Have a C-Section?, Advocates for Pregnant Women (May 2005).Google Scholar
Courtney, Mark E. et al., Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth: Conditions of Youth Preparing to Leave State Care, Chapin Hall Ctr. for Child. (2004), https://www.chapinhall.org/research/midwest-evaluation-of-the-adult-functioning-of-former-foster-youth/.Google Scholar
Dolan, Kate et al., Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme, Prisons and Drugs: A Global Review of Incarceration, Drug Use and Drug Services (2007).Google Scholar
Econ. Policy Inst., The Cost of Child Care in Alabama (Apr. 2016), https://www.epi.org/child-care-costs-in-the-united-states/#/AL.Google Scholar
Frost, Natasha A., et al., Inst. on Women & Criminal Justice, Hard Hit: The Growth in the Imprisonment of Women, 1977–2004 (2006).Google Scholar
Gayner, Jeffrey, B., The Contract with America: Implementing New Ideas in the U.S., Heritage Found. (Oct. 12, 1995).Google Scholar
Global Justice Ctr., The Right to an Abortion for Girls and Women Raped in Armed Conflict (2011), http://globaljusticecenter.net/documents/LegalBrief.RightToAnAbortion.February2011.pdf.Google Scholar
Greene, Megan & Leslie, R. Wolfe, Ctr. for Women Policy Studies, Pregnancy Exclusions in State Living Will and Medical Proxy Statutes, (Aug. 2012).Google Scholar
Guttmacher Inst., Counseling and Waiting Periods for Abortion (Mar. 1, 2017 ).Google Scholar
Guttmacher Inst., State Facts About Unintended Pregnancy: Texas (Sept. 2016 ).Google Scholar
Guttmacher Inst., Substance Use During Pregnancy (Oct. 1, 2018), https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/substance-use-during-pregnancy.Google Scholar
Guttmacher Inst., Unintended Pregnancy in the United States (Jan. 2019).Google Scholar
Harrison, Elizabeth et al, Women’s & Children’s Health Policy Ctr., Johns Hopkins University. Environmental Toxicants and Maternal and Child Health: An Emerging Public Health Challenge (2009).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch, “We have the Promises of the World” – Women’s Rights in Afghanistan (2009).Google Scholar
IEG World Bank, Delivering the Millennium Development Goals to Reduce Maternal and Child Mortality: A Systematic Review of Impact Evaluation Evidence ( 2016 ).Google Scholar
Int’l Ass’n of Police Chiefs, Training Key No. 16, Handling Disturbance Calls (1968–69), quoted in Sue Eisenberg, E & Micklow, Patricia L., The Assaulted Wife: “Catch 22” Revisited, 3 Women’s Rts. L. Rep. 138 (1977).Google Scholar
Int’l Human Rights Clinic et al., The Shackling of Incarcerated Pregnant Women: A Human Rights Violation Committed Regularly in the United States: An Alternative Report to the Fourth Periodic Report of the United States of America Submitted Pursuant to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Aug. 2013 ).Google Scholar
Johnston, Lloyd D. et al., Monitoring the Future: National Survey Results on Drug Use 1975–2014, Vol. 2 College Students & Adults Ages 19–55 ( 2015 ).Google Scholar
Jones, Kelly M., Int’l Food Policy Research Inst., Evaluating the Mexico City Policy: How US Foreign Policy Affects Fertility Outcomes and Child Health in Ghana (2011).Google Scholar
Kaiser Family Found., The Mexico City Policy: An Explainer ( 2017 ).Google Scholar
Kaiser Family Found., The U.S. Government and Global Health ( 2016 ).Google Scholar
Kaiser Family Found., The U.S. Government and International Family Planning and Reproductive Health: Statutory Requirements and Polices (2017).Google Scholar
Kohler, Hans-Peter, Do Children Bring Happiness and Purpose in Life? (Dec. 10, 2010), http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/~hpkohler/working-papers/kohl11dw.pdf.Google Scholar
Kolbi-Molinas, Alexa, Pregnant Women Need Support, Not Prison, ACLU (Mar. 31, 2011, 3:36 PM), https://www.aclu.org/blog/reproductive-freedom/pregnant-women-need-support-not-prison.Google Scholar
Minn. Coal. for Battered Women, Femicide Report (Jan. 31, 2017).Google Scholar
Miron, Jeffrey A. & Katherine, Waldcock, Cato Inst., The Budgetary Impact of Ending Drug Prohibition (2010).Google Scholar
NARAL Found., Choices: Women Speak Out About Abortion ( 1997 ).Google Scholar
Nash, Elizabeth et al., Laws Affecting Reproductive Health and Rights: 2013 State Policy Review, Guttmacher Inst., http://www.guttmacher.org/statecenter/updates/2013/statetrends42013.html.Google Scholar
Nat’l Advocates for Pregnant Women, Media Advisory, Petition Filed Today Seeking U.S. Supreme Court Review of Unprecedented South Carolina Decision Treating a Woman Who Suffered a Stillbirth as a Murderer (May 27, 2003), http://www.advocatesforpregnantwomen.org/issues/prmcknight.htm.Google Scholar
Nat’l Advocates for Pregnant Women, Press Release, Florida Doctor Threat of Arrest of Pregnant Woman Dangerous and Without Legal Authority (Mar. 6, 2013).Google Scholar
Nat’l Advocates for Pregnant Women, Press Release, Supreme Court of New Mexico Strikes Down State’s Attempt to Convict Woman Struggling with Addiction During Pregnancy (May 11, 2007).Google Scholar
Nat’l Ctr. for the Victims of Crime, Child Sexual Abuse Statistics.Google Scholar
Nat’l Child Traumatic Stress Network, Child Sexual Abuse Fact Sheet (Apr. 2009).Google Scholar
Nat’l Coal. Against Domestic Violence, National Statistics, http://ncadv.org/learn-more/statistics.Google Scholar
Nat’l Women’s Law Ctr., 2013 State Level Abortion Restrictions: An Extreme Overreach into Women’s Reproductive Health Care (Jan. 28, 2014 ).Google Scholar
PAI, No Exceptions: How the Helms Amendment Hurts Women and Endangers Lives (2015).Google Scholar
Paltrow, Lynn M., Criminal Prosecutions Against Pregnant Women: National Update and Overview (1992).Google Scholar
Pan American Health Org., Domestic Partner Violence During Pregnancy (2011).Google Scholar
Pew Res. Ctr., Issue Ranks Lower on the Agenda: Support for Abortion Slips (2009).Google Scholar
Population Action Int’l, The Global Gag Rule & Contraceptive Supplies (2017).Google Scholar
Rape, Abuse & Incest Nat’l Network, Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics.Google Scholar
Rape, Abuse & Incest Nat’l Network, Who Are the Victims?Google Scholar
Republican Party Platform Comm., Republican Platform 2016 ( 2016 ).Google Scholar
Justice Policy Inst., Substance Abuse Treatment and Public Safety (2008 ).Google Scholar
S.C. Advocates for Pregnant Women, South Carolina: First in the Nation for Arresting African-American Pregnant Women – Last in the Nation for Funding Drug and Alcohol Treatment, Briefing Paper to Democratic Presidential Candidates (Jan. 8, 2003 ).Google Scholar
Texas Policy Evaluation Project, Knowledge, Opinion and Experience Related to Abortion Self-Induction in Texas (Nov. 17, 2015 ).Google Scholar
Texas Policy Evaluation Project, Texas Women’s Experiences Attempting Self-Induced Abortion in Texas (Nov. 17, 2015 ).Google Scholar
Travis, Jeremy et al., Urban Inst., From Prison to Home: The Dimensions and Consequences of Prisoner Reentry (June 2001).Google Scholar
Unchained At Last, About Arranged Forced Marriage.Google Scholar
Unchained At Last, Shocking Statistics.Google Scholar
Walmsley, Roy, International Ctr. for Prison Studies, World Prison Population List (9th ed. 2011).Google Scholar
Warren, Jenifer, Pew Ctr. on the States, One in 31: The Long Reach of American Corrections ( 2009 ).Google Scholar
Population Action Int’l, With a Stroke of the Pen – Trump’s Global Gag Rule Dramatically Expands Harmful Health Impacts, (last updated Jan. 26, 2017), http://pai.org/newsletters/stroke-pen-trumps-global-gag-rule-dramatically-expands-harmful-health-impacts.Google Scholar
Women’s Prison Ass’n, Quick Facts: Women & Criminal Justice – 2009 (2009).Google Scholar
World Health Org., Domestic Partner Violence During Pregnancy (2011).Google Scholar
World Health Org., Safe Abortion: Technical and Policy Guidance for Health Systems (2d ed. 2012 ).Google Scholar
World Health Org., Unsafe Abortion: Global and Regional Estimates of the Incidence of Unsafe Abortion and Associated Mortality in 2008 (6th ed. 2011).Google Scholar
World Health Org. et al., Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2008 ( 2010 ).Google Scholar
18th World Medical Association General Assembly, Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (1964).Google Scholar
Blanchfield, Luisa, Cong. Research Serv., R40750, The U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): Issues in the U.S. Ratification Debate (2011), https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40750.pdf [https://perma.cc/3GBS-UARZ].Google Scholar
Blane, John & Friedman, Matthew, U.S. Agency for International Development., Mexico City Policy Implementation Study ( 1990 ).Google Scholar
Bonczar, Thomas P., Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974–2001, (2003).Google Scholar
Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, National Criminal Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2010 (Sept. 2011).Google Scholar
Carson, Ann E., U.S. Department of Justice, Prisoners in 2013 (2009).Google Scholar
Carson, Ann E. Sabol, & William J., Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Prisoners in 2011 (2012).Google Scholar
Cent. Intelligence Agency, World Factbook: Maternal Mortality Rate.Google Scholar
Children’s Bureau, U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., Child Maltreatment 2014 (2016).Google Scholar
Ctr. for Behavioral Health Stats. & Quality et al., Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings (Sept. 2011).Google Scholar
Ctrs. for Disease Control & Prevention, About Teen Pregnancy (May 9, 2017).Google Scholar
Ctrs. for Disease Control & Prevention, Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System.Google Scholar
Ctrs. for Disease Control & Prevention, Sexual Violence and Consequences.Google Scholar
Ctrs. for Disease Control & Prevention, Stats of the State of Minnesota (2013–2014).Google Scholar
Ctrs. for Disease Control & Prevention, Table 50. Use of Selected Substances in the Past Month Among Persons Aged 12 and Over, by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: United States, Selected Years 2002–2016 (2017), https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2017/050.pdf.Google Scholar
Ctrs. for Disease Control & Prevention, Tobacco Use and Pregnancy (last updated Sept. 23, 2013).Google Scholar
Dep’t of Def., Fact Sheet on Department of Defense Annual Report on Sexual Assault in the Military for Fiscal 2011 (Apr. 13, 2012).Google Scholar
Directorate-Gen. for External Policies, Eur. Parliament, Sexual Violence Against Minors in Latin America (2016).Google Scholar
Exec. Office of the President of the U.S., FY 2012 Budget and Performance Summary: Companion to the National Drug Control Strategy 5 (2011).Google Scholar
Exec. Office of the President of the U.S., National Drug Control Strategy: FY 2010 Budget Summary (2009).Google Scholar
Glaze, Lauren E., & Laura, M. Maruschak, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children (2008).Google Scholar
Indep. Evaluation Grp., Delivering the Millennium Development Goals to Reduce Maternal and Child Mortality: A Systematic Review of Impact Evaluation Evidence (2016).Google Scholar
Kilpatrick, Dean G. et al., Nat’l Inst. of Justice, Youth Victimization: Prevalence and Implications (Apr. 2003).Google Scholar
McVay, Doug et al., Justice Policy Inst., Treatment or Incarceration?: National and State Findings on the Efficacy and Cost Savings of Drug Treatment Versus Imprisonment ( 2004).Google Scholar
Minn. Dep’t of Health, 2015 Minnesota County Health Tables, Mortality Table 4: Minnesota’s 10 Leading Causes of Death (2015).Google Scholar
Minn. Dep’t of Health, The Health of Minnesota, Statewide Health Assessment: Part Two (May 2012).Google Scholar
Nat’l Inst. of Child Health & Human Dev., What Is Prenatal Care and Why Is It Important?, http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/prenatal-care.aspx.Google Scholar
Nat’l Inst. on Drug Abuse, U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., Drug Abuse Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities (rev. ed. 2003).Google Scholar
Nowels, Larry, Cong. Research Serv., RL30830, International Family Planning: The “Mexico City” Policy 4 n.7 (2001).Google Scholar
Office of National Drug Control Policy, A Drug Policy for the 21st Century, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/ondcp/drugpolicyreform.Google Scholar
Olson, Marsha S. & Stumpf, Susan S., Pregnancy in the Navy: Impact on Absenteeism, Attrition, and Workgroup Morale ( 1978 ).Google Scholar
Planty, Michael et al., Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S Dep’t of Justice, Female Victims of Sexual Violence 1994–2010 (Mar. 2013).Google Scholar
Sentencing Project, Report of the Sentencing Project to The United Nations Human Rights Committee Regarding Racial Disparities in the United States Criminal Justice System (2013).Google Scholar
Stewart, Donna E. et al., Toronto Public Health, Postpartum Depression: Literature Review of Risk Factors and Interventions ( 2003).Google Scholar
Tadlock, John, Report of Officer John Tadlock, Blountstown Police Department, Dec. 21, 2015.Google Scholar
Texas Policy Evaluation Project, Access to Abortion Care in the Wake of HB2 (July 1, 2014).Google Scholar
U.N. Conference on Population (2d. Sess.), Policy Statement of the United States of America (Aug. 6–13, 1984).Google Scholar
U.N. Population Fund, Adolescent Girls in Disaster & Conflict: Interventions for Improving Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services (2016).Google Scholar
U.S. Agency for Int’l Dev., USAID Guidance for Implementing the Siljander Amendment (Prohibition on Lobbying for or Against Abortion) (May 22, 2014).Google Scholar
U.S. Agency for Int’l Dev., Standard Provisions for Non-U.S. Nongovernmental Organizations 87 (Oct. 4, 2017).Google Scholar
U.S. Dep’t of Agric (USDA), The Cost of Raising a Child: $233,610 (Mar. 2017), https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2017/01/13/cost-raising-child.Google Scholar
U.S. Dep’t of Agric., Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/eligible-food-items.Google Scholar
U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., Child Maltreatment 1996: Reports from the States to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (1998).Google Scholar
U.S. Dep’t of Health and Human Servs., The Health Consequences of Smoking – 50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General (2014).Google Scholar
U.S. Dep’t of Health and Human Servs., Postpartum Depression Facts.Google Scholar
U.S. Gov’t Accountability Office, GAO/RCED-83–168, Siting of Hazardous Waste Landfills and Their Correlation with Racial and Economic Status of Surrounding Communities (1983).Google Scholar
U.S. Sentencing Comm’n, Quick Facts: Mandatory Minimum Penalties (2011 ).Google Scholar
Allen, James et al., Without Sanctuary (2000).Google Scholar
Baum, Dan, Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure (1996).Google Scholar
Bertrin, Joan, Reproductive Hazards in the Workplace, in Reproductive Laws for the 1990s 277 (Cohen, Sherrill & Taub, Nadine eds., 1989).Google Scholar
Boyd, Susan, Mothers and Illicit Drugs: Transcending the Myths (1999).Google Scholar
Burton, Sandra, Becoming Ms. Burton: From Prison to Recovery to Leading the Fight for Incarcerated Women ( 2017 ).Google Scholar
Cahn, Naomi & Carbone, June, Red Families v. Blue Families: Legal Polarization and the Creation of Culture ( 2011 ).Google Scholar
Cohen, Adam, Imbeciles: The Supreme Court, American Eugenics, and the Sterilization of Carrie Buck (2016).Google Scholar
Coke, Edward, The Third Part of The Institutes of the Laws of England: Concerning High Treason, and Other Pleas of the Crown, and Criminal Causes (1680).Google Scholar
Comm. on Opportunities in Drug Abuse Res., Inst. of Med., Pathways of Addiction: Opportunities in Drug Abuse Research ( 1996 ).Google Scholar
Dayan, Colin, The Law Is a White Dog: How Legal Rituals Make and Unmake Persons (2013 ).Google Scholar
Entezar, Ehsan M., Afghanistan 101: Understanding Afghan Culture (2008).Google Scholar
Epstein, Deborah & Goodman, Lisa A., Domestic Violence Victims’ Experiences in the Legal System, in Stress, Trauma, and Wellbeing in the Legal System 45 (Miller, Monica K. & Bornstein, Brian H. eds., 2013).Google Scholar
Epstein, Deborah & Goodman, Lisa A., The Justice System Response to Domestic Violence, in 2 Violence Against Women and Children 215 (White, Jacquelyn W. et al. eds., 2010).Google Scholar
Feinberg, Joel, The Expressive Function of Punishment, in Doing & Deserving: Essays in the Theory of Responsibility (1970).Google Scholar
Finigan, Michael, Societal Outcomes and Cost Savings of Drug and Alcohol Treatment in the State of Oregon (1996).Google Scholar
Finkelhor, David, Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research ( 1984 ).Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (Alan Sheridan trans., 1977).Google Scholar
Fraser, Gertrude Jacinta, African American Midwifery in the South (1998).Google Scholar
Gehshan, Shelly, A Step Toward Recovery: Improving Access to Substance Abuse Treatment for Pregnant and Parenting Women ( 1993)Google Scholar
Gómez, Laura, Misconceiving Mothers: Legislators, Prosecutors, and the Politics of Prenatal Drug Exposure ( 1997 ).Google Scholar
Gustafson, Kaaryn S., Cheating Welfare: Public Assistance and the Criminalization of Poverty ( 2011 ).Google Scholar
Hale, Matthew, The History of the Pleas of the Crown ( 1736 ).Google Scholar
Hallman, Nai, The Southern Regional Project on Infant Mortality: A 20-Year Retrospective ( 2005).Google Scholar
Hill Collins, Patricia, Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism ( 2005 ).Google Scholar
Hoffman, S.D., Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy (2008).Google Scholar
Jacobs, James B., The Eternal Criminal Record ( 2015 ).Google Scholar
Jefferson, Thomas, Notes on the State of Virginia (electronic ed., 2006), https://docsouth.unc.edu/southlit/jefferson/jefferson.htmlGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Rucker C., Ever-Increasing Levels of Parental Incarceration and the Consequences for Children, in Do Prisons Make Us Safer?: The Benefits and Costs of the Prison Boom 177 (Raphael, Steven & Stoll, Michael A. eds., 2009).Google Scholar
Johnson, Sherry, Forgiving The Unforgivable ( 2013 ).Google Scholar
Jordan, Winthrop D., White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro 1550–1812 ( 1977 ).Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine A., Women’s Lives, Men’s Laws ( 2005 ).Google Scholar
McCain, John & Salter, Mark, Faith of My Fathers ( 1999 ).Google Scholar
Murray, Pauli, The Autobiography of a Black Activist, Feminist, Lawyer, Priest, and Poet ( 1987 ).Google Scholar
Murray, Pauli, The Liberation of Black Women, in Women: A Feminist Perspective 351 (Freeman, Jo ed., 1975).Google Scholar
Murray, Pauli, States’ Laws on Race and Color (1951).Google Scholar
NARAL Foundation, Choices: Women Speak Out About Abortion ( 1997 ).Google Scholar
Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code (Annas, George J. et al. eds., 1992 ).Google Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha C., Hiding from Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the Law (2004).Google Scholar
Parents in Prison, The Sentencing Project ( 2012 ).Google Scholar
Reagan, Leslie J., When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867–1973 ( 1997 ).Google Scholar
Roberts, Dorothy, Killing the Black Body ( 1997 ).Google Scholar
Rowland Hogue, Carol J., Demographics & Exposures, in Stillbirth: Prediction, Prevention and Management 57 (Spong, Catherine Y. ed., 2011).Google Scholar
Royce, Josiah, The Philosophy of Loyalty ( 1930 ).Google Scholar
Schoen, Johanna, Abortion after Roe ( 2015 ).Google Scholar
Siegel, Reva, Gender and the United States Constitution: Equal Protection, Privacy, and Federalism, in The Gender of Constitutional Jurisprudence 306 (Baines, Beverley & Rubio-Marin, Ruth eds., 2005).Google Scholar
Sommerville, Diane Miller, Rape, Race, and Castration in Slave Law in the Colonial and Early South, in The Devil’s Lane: Sex and Race in the Early South 74 (Clinton, Catherine & Gillespie, Michele eds., 1997).Google Scholar
Stanford, William, Les Plees del Coron (1557).Google Scholar
States’ Laws on Race and Color (Murray, Pauli ed., Univ. Ga. Press 1997) (1951).Google Scholar
Stephen, James Fitzjames, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (Warner, Stuart D., ed., Liberty Fund 1993) (1874).Google Scholar
Stiehm, Judith Hicks, Arms and the Enlisted Woman ( 1989 ).Google Scholar
Storer, Horatio Robinson, On Criminal Abortion in America ( 1860 ).Google Scholar
Storer, Horatio Robinson, Why Not? A Book for Every Woman ( 1868 ).Google Scholar
Talty, Stephan, Mulatto America: At the Crossroads of Black and White Culture; A Social History (2003 ).Google Scholar
Tyson, Timothy, Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power (2001).Google Scholar
Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (Smedley, Brian D. et. al. eds., 2003).Google Scholar
Vijayakumar, Lakshmi et al., Socio-Economic, Cultural and Religious Factors Affecting Suicide Prevention in Asia, in Suicide And Suicide Prevention in Asia 19 (Hendin, Herbert et al. eds., 2008).Google Scholar
Villanueva, Chandra Kring, Inst. on Women & Criminal Justice, Women’s Prison Association, Mothers, Infants and Imprisonment: A National Look at Prison Nurseries and Community-Based Alternatives (From, Sarah B. & Lerner, Georgia eds., 2009 ).Google Scholar
Vuic, Kara Dixon, Officer, Nurse, Woman: The Army Nurse Corps in the Vietnam War (2010).Google Scholar
Walmsley, Roy, World Female Imprisonment List (2d ed. 2013 ).Google Scholar
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram, Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South ( 1982 ).Google Scholar
Albiston, Catherine & Nielson, Laura Beth, Welfare Queens and Other Fairy Tales: Welfare Reform and Unconstitutional Reproductive Controls, 38 How. L.J. 473 (1995).Google Scholar
Alexander, Elizabeth, Unshackling Shawanna: The Battle over Chaining Women Prisoners During Labor and Delivery, 32 U. Ark. Little Rock L. Rev. 435 (2010).Google Scholar
Appell, Annette, “Bad Mothers” and Spanish Speaking Caregivers, 7 Nevada L.J 759 (2007).Google Scholar
Baio, Jo-Anne M., Loss of Consortium: A Derivative Injury Giving Rise to a Separate Cause of Action, 50 Fordham L. Rev. 1344 (1982).Google Scholar
Banashek, Kathryn S., Maternal Prenatal Negligence Does Not Give Rise to a Cause of Action, Stallman v. Youngquist, 125 Ill. 2d 267, 531 N.E.2d 335 (1988), 68 Wash. U. L.Q. 189 (1990).Google Scholar
Bardaglio, Peter W., Rape and the Law in the Old South: Calculated to Excite Indignation in Every Heart, 60 J. S. Hist. 749 (1994).Google Scholar
Barot, Sneha, Abortion Restrictions in U.S. Foreign Aid: The History and Harms of the Helms Amendment, Guttmacher Pol’y Rev., Summer 2013.Google Scholar
Bartlett, Katharine, Pregnancy and the Constitution: The Uniqueness Trap, 62 Cal. L. Rev. 1532 (1974).Google Scholar
Bhargava, Shalini, Challenging Punishment and Privatization: A Response to the Conviction of Regina McKnight, 39 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 513 (2004).Google Scholar
Bibas, Stephanos, Prosecutorial Regulation Versus Prosecutorial Accountability, 157 U. Pa. L. Rev. 959 (2009).Google Scholar
Boonstra, Heather D., & Nash, Elizabeth, A Surge of State Abortion Restrictions Puts Providers – and the Women They Serve – in the Crosshairs, 17 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev. 9 (2014).Google Scholar
Borgmann, Caitlin E., The Meaning of “Life”: Belief and Reason in the Abortion Debate, 18 Colum. J. Gender & L. 551 (2009).Google Scholar
Boyle, Edward Patrick, It’s Not Easy Bein’ Green: The Psychology of Racism, Environmental Discrimination, and the Argument for Modernizing Equal Protection Analysis, 46 Vand. L. Rev. 937 (1993).Google Scholar
Cantor, Julie D., Court-Ordered Care: A Complication of Pregnancy to Avoid, 366 New Eng. J. Med. 2237 (2012).Google Scholar
Chemerinsky, Erwin & Goodwin, Michele, Abortion: A Woman’s Private Choice, 95 Tex. L. Rev. 1189 (2017).Google Scholar
Cherry, April, The Detention, Confinement, and Incarceration of Pregnant Women for the Benefit of Fetal Health, 16 Colum. J. Gender & L. 147 (2007).Google Scholar
Cockrell, Phillip, Pregnancy Disability Benefits and Title VII: Pregnancy Does Not Involve Sex?, 29 Baylor L. Rev. 257 (1977).Google Scholar
Coleman, Harriet Hubacker, Barefoot and Pregnant – Still: Equal Protection for Women in Light of Geduldig v. Aiello, 16 S. Tex. L.J.211 (1975).Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé, Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics, 1989 U. Chi. Legal F. 139.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberle, From Private Violence to Mass Incarceration: Thinking Intersectionally About Women, Race, and Social Control 59 UCLA L. Rev. 1418 (2012).Google Scholar
Crimm, Nina J., The Global Gag Rule: Undermining National Interests by Doing unto Foreign Women and NGOs What Cannot Be Done at Home, 40 Cornell Int’l L.J. 587 (2007)Google Scholar
De Ville, Kenneth A. & Kopelman, Loretta M., Fetal Protection in Wisconsin’s Revised Child Abuse Law: Right Goal, Wrong Remedy, J.L. Med. & Ethics 332(1999).Google Scholar
Doetzer, Geraldine, Hard Labor: The Legal Implications of Shackling Female Inmates During Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 365 (2008).Google Scholar
Dripps, Donald et al., Panel Discussion: Men, Women and Rape, 63 Fordham L. Rev. 125 (1994).Google Scholar
Fentiman, Linda, The New “Fetal Protection”: The Wrong Answer to the Crisis of Inadequate Health Care for Women and Children, 84 Denv. U. L. Rev. 537 (2006).Google Scholar
Fentiman, Linda, Pursuing the Perfect Mother: Why America’s Criminalization of Maternal Substance Abuse Is Not the Answer – A Comparative Legal Analysis, 15 Mich. J. Gender & L. 389 (2009).Google Scholar
Ferrell, Ruth, The Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution – Areas of Controversy, 6 Urb. L. 853 (1974).Google Scholar
Figdor, Emily & Kaeser, Lisa, Concerns Mount over Punitive Approaches to Substance Abuse Among Pregnant Women, 1 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev., Oct. 1998.Google Scholar
Fineman, Martha, Images of Mothers in Poverty Discourses, 1991 Duke L.J. 274.Google Scholar
Fox, James W. Jr., Doctrinal Myths and the Management of Cognitive Dissonance: Race, Law, and the Supreme Court’s Doctrinal Support of Jim Crow, 34 Stetson L. Rev. 293 (2005).Google Scholar
Getman, Karen. A, Sexual Control in the Slaveholding South: The Implementation and Maintenance of a Racial Caste System, 7 Harv. Women’s L.J. 115 (1984).Google Scholar
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, Gender and the Constitution, 44 U. Cin. L. Rev. 1 (1975).Google Scholar
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, Gender in the Supreme Court: the 1973 and 1974 Terms, 1975 Sup. Ct. Rev. 1.Google Scholar
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, Some Thoughts on Autonomy and Equality in Relation to Roe v. Wade, 63 N.C.L. Rev. 375 (1985).Google Scholar
Godsil, Rachel D., Remedying Environmental Racism, 90 Mich. L. Rev. 394 (1991).Google Scholar
Gold, Rachel Benson, Lessons from Before Roe: Will Past Be Prologue?, 6 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev. 8 (2003).Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Phyllis, Counting the Drug War’s Female Casualties, 6 J. Gender Race & Just. 277 (2002).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, Fetal Protection Laws: Moral Panic and the New Constitutional Battlefront, 102 Cal. L. Rev. 781 (2014).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, Law’s Limits: Regulating Statutory Rape Law, 2013 Wisc. L. Rev. 481.Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, Marital Rape: The Long Arch of Sexual Violence Against Women and Girls, 109 AJIL Unbound 326 (2016).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, Prosecuting the Womb, 76 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1657 (2008).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, When Institutions Fail: The Case of Underage Marriage in India, 62 DePaul L. Rev. 357 (2013).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele & Whelan, Allison, Reproduction and the Rule of Law in Latin America, 83 Fordham L. Rev. 2577 (2015).Google Scholar
Graber, Mark A., Rethinking Equal Protection in Dark Times, 4 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 314 (2002).Google Scholar
Gray, Karen F.B., An Establishment Clause Analysis of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 24 Ga. L. Rev. 399, 418 (1990).Google Scholar
Griggs, Claire, Birthing Barbarism: The Unconstitutionality of Shackling Pregnant Prisoners, 20 Am U. J. Gender Soc. Pol’y & L. 247 (2011).Google Scholar
Guttmacher, Alan F., Law, Morality, and Abortion, 22 Rutgers L. Rev. 415 (1967).Google Scholar
Haddad, Lisa B. & Nour, Nawal M., Unsafe Abortion: Unnecessary Maternal Mortality, 2 Rev. Obstetrics & Gynecology 122 (2009).Google Scholar
Hamilton, Vivian E., The Age of Marital Capacity: Reconsidering Civil Recognition of Adolescent Marriage, 92 Bos. L. Rev. 1817 (2012).Google Scholar
Hasday, Jill Elaine, Contest and Consent: A Legal History of Marital Rape, 88 Calif. L. Rev. 1373 (2000).Google Scholar
Healy, Michael P., The Preemption of State Hazardous and Solid Waste Regulations: The Dormant Commerce Clause Awakens Once More, 43 Wash. U. J. Urb. & Contemp. L. 177 (1993).Google Scholar
Humphreys, Janice C. & Humphreys, William O., Mandatory Arrest: A Means of Primary and Secondary Prevention of Abuse of Female Partners, 10 Victimology 267 (1985).Google Scholar
Kanin, Eugene, Date Rape: Unofficial Victims and Criminals, 9 Victimology 95 (1984).Google Scholar
Larson, Jane. E, “Even a Worm Will Turn at Last”: Rape Reform in Late Nineteenth-Century America, 9 Yale J.L. & Human. 1 (1997).Google Scholar
Lavelle, Marianne & Coyle, Marcia, The Federal Government, in Its Cleanup of Hazardous Sites and Its Pursuit of Polluters, Favors White Communities Over Minority Communities Under Environmental Laws Meant to Provide Equal Protection for All Citizens, a National Law Journal Investigation Has Found, 15 Nat’l L.J., Sept. 21, 1992, at S2.Google Scholar
Law, Sylvia A., Rethinking Sex and the Constitution, 132 U. Pa. L. Rev. 955 (1984).Google Scholar
Lazarus, Richard, Pursuing Environmental Justice: The Distributional Effects of Environmental Justice, 87 Nw. U. L. Rev. 787 (1993).Google Scholar
Levi, Robin et al., Creating the Bad Mother: How the US Approach to Pregnancy in Prisons Violates the Right to Be a Mother, 18 UCLA Women’s L.J. 1 (2010).Google Scholar
Loue, Sana, Legal and Epidemiological Aspects of Child Maltreatment: Toward an Integrated Approach, 19 J. Legal Med. 471 (1998).Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine, Reflections on Sex Equality Under Law, 100 Yale L.J. 1281 (1991).Google Scholar
Murphy, Jane, Legal Images of Motherhood: Conflicting Definitions from Welfare “Reform,” Family, and Criminal Law, 83 Cornell L. Rev. 688 (1998).Google Scholar
Murray, Pauli & Eastwood, Mary O., Jane Crow and the Law: Sex Discrimination and Title VII, 34 George Wash. L. Rev. 232 (1965 ).Google Scholar
Nourse, Victoria & Shaffer, Gregory, Varieties of New Legal Realism: Can a New World Order Prompt a New Legal Theory, 95 Cornell L. Rev. 61 (2009).Google Scholar
Oberman, Michelle, Mothers and Doctors’ Orders: Unmasking the Doctor’s Fiduciary Role in Maternal-Fetal Conflicts, 94 Nw. U. L. Rev. 453 (19992000).Google Scholar
Ocen, Priscilla A., Punishing Pregnancy: Race, Incarceration and the Shackling of Pregnant Prisoners, 100 Cal. L. Rev. 1239 (2012).Google Scholar
Paltrow, Lynn M., Pregnant Drug Users, Fetal Persons, and the Threat to Roe v. Wade, 62 Alb. L. Rev. 999 (1999).Google Scholar
Paltrow, Lynn M. & Jeanne, Flavin, Arrests of and Forced Interventions on Pregnant Women in the United States, 1973–2005: Implications for Women’s Legal Status and Public Health, 38 J. Health Pol. Pol’y & L. 299 (2013).Google Scholar
Partington, Donald H., The Incidence of the Death Penalty for Rape in Virginia, 22 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 43 (1965).Google Scholar
Peach, Lucinda J., From Spiritual Descriptions to Legal Prescriptions: Religious Imagery of Woman as “Fetal Container” in the Law, 10 J.L. & Religion 73 (1994).Google Scholar
Pleck, Elizabeth, Criminal Approaches to Family Violence, 1640–1980, 11 Crime & Just. 19 (1989).Google Scholar
Ratnayake, Ann, The Confrontation Clause After Ohio v. Clark: The Path to Reinvigorating Evidence-Based Prosecution of Intimate Partner Violence Cases, 84 George Wash. L. Rev. Arguendo 18 (2016).Google Scholar
Roberts, Dorothy, Prison, Foster Care, and the Systemic Punishment of Black Mothers, 59 UCLA L. Rev. 1474 (2012).Google Scholar
Roberts, Dorothy, Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right of Privacy, 104 Harv. L. Rev. 1419 (1991).Google Scholar
Rosen, Kenneth M., Fiduciaries, 58 Ala. L. Rev. 1041 (2005).Google Scholar
Rowan, Andrea, Prosecuting Women for Self-Inducing Abortion: Counterproductive and Lacking Compassion, 18 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev. 70 (2015).Google Scholar
Saks, Stephen, The “Constitution in Exile” as a Problem for Legal Theory 89 Notre Dame L. Rev. 2253 (2014).Google Scholar
Scott, Austin W., The Fiduciary Principle, 37 Cal. L. Rev. 539 (1949).Google Scholar
Scott, Charity, Why Law Pervades Medicine: An Essay on Ethics in Health Care, 14 Notre Dame J. L. Ethics & Pub. Pol’y 245 (2000).Google Scholar
Shaw, Jessica, Full-Spectrum Reproductive Justice: The Affinity of Abortion Rights and Birth Activism, 7 Stud. in Soc. Just. 143 (2013).Google Scholar
Siegel, Reva B., Reasoning from the Body: A Historical Perspective on Abortion Regulation and Questions of Equal Protection, 44 Stan. L. Rev. 261 (1992).Google Scholar
Siegel, Reva B., “The Rule of Love”: Wife Beating as Prerogative and Privacy, 105 YALE L.J. 2117 (1996).Google Scholar
Siegel, Reva, Why Equal Protection No Longer Protects: The Evolving Forms of Status-Enforcing State Action, 49 Stan. L. Rev. 1111.Google Scholar
Siegel, Neil S. & Reva, Siegel, Equality Arguments for Abortion Rights, 60 UCLA L. Rev. Disc. 160 (2013).Google Scholar
Smith, Robert J. & Levinson, Justin D., The Impact of Implicit Racial Bias on the Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion, 35 Seattle U. L. Rev. 795 (2012).Google Scholar
Spohn, Cassia C. & Horney, Julie, The Impact of Rape Law Reform on the Processing of Simple and Aggravated Rape Cases, 86 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 861 (1996).Google Scholar
Suter, Sonia, Bad Mothers or Struggling Mothers?, 42 Rutgers L. J. 695 (2011).Google Scholar
Torres, Gerald, Race, Class, and Environmental Regulation, 63 U. Colo. L. Rev. 839 (1992).Google Scholar
Van Detta, Jeffrey A., Constitutionalizing Roe, Casey and Carhart: A Legislative Due-Process Anti-Discrimination Principle that Gives Constitutional Content to the “Undue Burden” Standard of Review Applied to Abortion Control Legislation, 10 S. Cal. Rev. L. & Women’s Stud. 211 (2001).Google Scholar
Walsh, Michael. G, Annotation, Criminal Responsibility of Husband for Rape, or Assault to Commit Rape, on Wife, 24 A.L.R. 4th 105 (1983).Google Scholar
Welch, Donna M., Mandatory Arrest of Domestic Abusers: Panacea or Perpetuation of the Problem of Abuse, 43 DePaul L. Rev.1133 (1994).Google Scholar
West, Robin, Equality Theory, Marital Rape, and the Promise of the Fourteenth Amendment, 42 Fla. L. Rev. 45 (1990).Google Scholar
Zaher, Claudia, When a Woman’s Marital Status Determined Her Legal Status: A Research Guide on the Common Law Doctrine of Coverture, 94 L. Libr. J. 459 (2002).Google Scholar
ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice, Management of Stillbirth, 113 Obstetrics & Gynecology 749 (2009).Google Scholar
ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice, Committee Opinion: Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request, 121 Obstetrics & Gynecology 904 (2013).Google Scholar
Annas, George J., The Legacy of the Nuremberg Doctors’ Trial to American Bioethics and Human Rights, 10 Minn. J. L. Sci. & Tech. 13 (2009).Google Scholar
Annas, George J., Pregnant Women as Fetal Containers, 16 Hastings Ctr. Rep. 13 (1986).Google Scholar
Annas, George J., Protecting the Liberty of Pregnant Patients, 316 New Eng. J. Med. 1213 (1987).Google Scholar
Arria., Amelia M. et al., Drug Treatment Completion and Post-Discharge Employment in the TOPPS-II Interstate Cooperative Study Treatment, 25 J. Substance Abuse Treatment 9 (2003).Google Scholar
Biggs, M.A., Does Abortion Reduce Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction?, 23 Quality Life Res. 2505 (2014).Google Scholar
Bendavid, Eran, Avila, Patrick & Miller, Grant, United States Aid Policy and Induced Abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa, 89 Bull. World Health Org. 873 (2011).Google Scholar
Biggs, M. Antonia et al., Women’s Mental Health and Well-Being 5 Years After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study, 74 JAMA Psychiatry 169 (2017).Google Scholar
Brender, Jean D. & Griesenbeck, John S., Hazardous Waste Sites, Industrial Facilities, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Dallas, Denton, and Tarrant Counties, 1997–2000 Tex. A&M Sch. Rural Pub. Health 1 (2008).Google Scholar
Bullock, L.F. & McFarlane, J, Higher Prevalence of Low Birthweight Infants Born to Battered Women, 89 Am. J. Nursing 1153 (1989).Google Scholar
Carter, Carolyn S., Perinatal Care for Women Who Are Addicted: Implications for Empowerment, 27 Health & Soc. Work 166 (2002).Google Scholar
Campbell, Jacquelyn C., Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence, 359 Lancet 1331 (2002).Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Infant Mortality Rates, by Race and Hispanic Ethnicity of Mother – United States, 2000, 2005, and 2009, 62 MMWR 90 (2013).Google Scholar
Chance, Graham W., Neonatal Intensive Care and Cost Effectiveness, 139 Canadian Med. Ass’n J. 943 (1988).Google Scholar
Chasnoff, Ira J. et al., The Prevalence of Illicit Drug or Alcohol Use During Pregnancy and Discrepancies in Mandatory Reporting in Pinellas Country, Florida, 322 New Eng. J. Med. 1202 (1990).Google Scholar
Cheyney, Melissa et al., Development and Validation of National Data Registry for Midwife-Led Births: The Midwives Alliance of North America Statistics Project 2.0, 59 J. Midwifery & Women’s Health 8 (2014).Google Scholar
Cheyney, Melissa et al., Outcomes of Care for 16,484 Planned Home Births in the United States: The Midwives Alliance of North America Statistics Project, 20042009, 59 J. Midwifery & Women’s Health 17 (2014)Google Scholar
Coeytaux, Francine, et al., Maternal Mortality in the United States: A Human Rights Failure, 83 Contraception 189 (2011).Google Scholar
Conner, Kenneth R. et al., Low-Planned Suicides in China, 35 Psychological Med. 1197 (2005).Google Scholar
Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, Violence Against Women: Relevance for Medical Practitioners, 267 JAMA 3184 (1992).Google Scholar
de Jonge, A. et al., Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity in a Nationwide Cohort of 529,688 Low-Risk Planned Home and Hospital Births, 116 BJOG 1177 (2009).Google Scholar
DeLee, Joseph B., Progress Toward Ideal Obstetrics, Speech at Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Association for Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality (Nov. 11, 1915), in 73 Am. J. of Obstetrics & Diseases of Women & Children, 407 (1916).Google Scholar
DiFranza, Joseph R. et al., Legislative Efforts to Protect Children from Tobacco, 257 JAMA 3387 (1987).Google Scholar
Di Mauro, Diane & Carole, Joffe, The Religious Right and the Reshaping of Sexual Policy: An Examination of Reproductive Rights and Sexuality Education, 4 Sexuality Res. and Soc. Pol’y: J. Nat’l Sexuality Res. Ctr. 67 (2007).Google Scholar
Duncan, Renae et al., Childhood Physical Assault as a Risk Factor for PTSD, Depression, and Substance Abuse: Findings from a National Survey, 66 Am. J. Orthopsychol. 437 (1996).Google Scholar
Edwards, Marc, Fetal Death and Reduced Birth Rates Associated with Exposure to Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water, 48 Envtl. Sci. & Tech. 730 (2014).Google Scholar
Ernhart, Claire B. et al., Intrauterine Exposure to Low Levels of Lead: The Status of the Neonate, 41 Archives Envtl. Health 287 (1986).Google Scholar
Ferszt, Ginette Gosselin, Giving Birth in Shackles: It’s Time to Stop Restraining Pregnant Inmates During Childbirth, 110 Am. J. Nursing 11 (2010).Google Scholar
Finer, Lawrence B. et al., Declines in Unintended Pregnancy in the United States, 2008–2011, 374 New Eng. J. Med. 843 (2016).Google Scholar
Flanders-Stepans, Mary Beth, Alarming Racial Differences in Maternal Mortality, 9 J. Perinatal Educ. 50 (2000).Google Scholar
Flenady, Victoria et al., Major Risk Factors for Stillbirth in High-Income Countries: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis, 337 Lancet 1331 (2011).Google Scholar
Frank, Deborah A. et al., Growth, Development, and Behavior in Early Childhood Following Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, 285 JAMA 1613 (2001).Google Scholar
Fullerton, J.T. et al., Outcomes of Planned Home Birth: An Integrative Review, 52 J. Midwifery & Women’s Health 323 (2007).Google Scholar
Gazmararian, J.A. et al., Prevalence of Violence Against Pregnant Women: A Review of the Literature, 275 JAMA 1915 (1996).Google Scholar
Gazmararian, J.A. et al., Violence and Reproductive Health: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions, 4 Maternal Child Health J. 79 (2000).Google Scholar
Geppert, Cynthia M.A. & Roberts, Laura Weiss, Protecting Patient Confidentiality in Primary Care, 3 Seminars in Med. prac. 7 (2000).Google Scholar
Greene, Tom & Ernhart, Claire B., Prenatal and Preschool Age Lead Exposure: Relationship with Size, 13 Neurotoxicology & Teratology 417 (1991).Google Scholar
Grimes, D.A., Estimation of Pregnancy-Related Mortality Risk by Pregnancy Outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999,194 Am. J. Obstetrics & Gynecology 92 (2006).Google Scholar
Goldenberg, R.L. et al., Stillbirth: A Review, 16 J. of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Med. 79 (2004).Google Scholar
Holmes, M.M. et al., Rape-Related Pregnancy: Estimates and Descriptive Characteristics from a National Sample of Women, 175 Am. J. Obstetrics & Gynecology 320 (1996).Google Scholar
Hallam, Hurt et al., Children With and Without Gestational Cocaine Exposure: A Neurocognitive System Analysis, 31 Neurotoxicology & Teratology 334 (2009).Google Scholar
Hallam, Hurt et al., Children with In Utero Cocaine Exposure Do Not Differ from Control Subjects on Intelligence Testing, 151 Archives Pediatric Adolescent Med., 1237 (1997).Google Scholar
Hallam, Hurt et al., A Prospective Comparison of Developmental Outcome of Children with In Utero Cocaine Exposure and Controls Using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 22 J. Developmental & Behav. Pediatrics 21 (2001).Google Scholar
Hurt, Hallam et al., School Performance of Children with Gestational Cocaine Exposure, 27 Neurotoxicology & Teratology 203 (2011).Google Scholar
Hutton, E. et al., Outcomes Associated with Planned Home and Hospital Births in Low-Risk Women Attended by Midwives in Ontario, Canada, 2003–2006: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 36 Birth 180 (2009).Google Scholar
Janssen, P., Outcomes of Planned Home Birth with Registered Midwife Versus Planned Hospital Birth with Midwife or Physician, 181 Canadian Med. Ass’n J. 377 (2009).Google Scholar
Kindler, Kenneth, Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in Women, 57 Archives Gen. Psychiatry 953 (2000).Google Scholar
Kornhauser, Michael & Schneiderman, Roy, How Plans Can Improve Outcomes and Cut Costs for Preterm Infant Care, ManagedCare (Jan. 1 2010), http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/1001/1001.preterm.html.Google Scholar
Larson, Charles, Poverty During Pregnancy: Its Effects on Child Health Outcomes, 12 J. Pediatric Child Health 673 (2007).Google Scholar
LeBolt, S.A., Grimes, D.A. & Cates, W Jr., Mortality from Abortion and Childbirth: Are the Populations Comparable?, 248 JAMA 188 (1982).Google Scholar
Lombardo, Paul, Phantom Tumors and Hysterical Women: Revising Our View of the Schloendorff Case, J.L. Med. & Ethics 791 (2005).Google Scholar
Lyons, Peter & Rittner, Barbara, The Construction of the Crack Babies Phenomenon as a Social Problem, 68 Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 313 (1998).Google Scholar
MacDorman, Marian F. et al, Recent Increases in the U.S. Maternal Mortality Rate: Disentangling Trends from Measurement Issues, 128 Obstetrics & Gynecology 447 (2016).Google Scholar
Malacrida, Claudia, Complicated Mourning: The Social Economy of Perinatal Death, 9 Qualitative Health Res. 504 (1999).Google Scholar
May, Philip A. & Goassage, Phillip, Maternal Risk Factors for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, 34 Alcohol Res. & Health 16 (2011).Google Scholar
Mitchell, Allen A. et al., Medication Use During Pregnancy, with Particular Focus on Prescription Drugs: 1976–2008, 250 Am. J. Obstetrics Gynecology 50 (2011).Google Scholar
Murphy, Claire C. et al., Abuse: A Risk Factor for Low Birth Weight? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 164 Canadian Med. Ass’n J. 1567 (2001).Google Scholar
Nagahawatte, N. Tanya & Goldenberg, Robert, Poverty, Maternal Health, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, 1136 Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 80, 81 (2008).Google Scholar
Paley, Blair & O’Connor, Mary J., Intervention for Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Treatment Approaches and Case Management, 15 Developmental Disabilities Res. Revs. 258 (2009).Google Scholar
Paltrow, Lynn M., Roe v. Wade and the New Jane Crow: Reproductive Rights in the Age of Mass Incarceration, 103 Am. J. Pub. Health 17 (2013).Google Scholar
Paulson, Margaret & Dekker, Anthony H., Healthcare Disparities in Pain Management, 105 J. Am. Osteopathic Ass’n S14 (Supp. 3 2005).Google Scholar
Pearson, Veronica, Goods on Which One Loses: Women and Mental Health in China, 41 Soc. Sci. & med. 1159 (1995).Google Scholar
Pearson, Veronica, Ling’s Death: An Ethnography of a Chinese Woman’s Suicide, 32 Suicide & Life-Threatening Behav. 347 (2002).Google Scholar
Peretti, P.O., Holiday Depression in Young Adults, 23 Psychologia 251 (1980).Google Scholar
Phillips, Michael R. et al., Risk Factors for Suicide in China: A National Case-Control Psychological Autopsy Study, 360 Lancet 1728 (2002).Google Scholar
Putnam, Frank, Ten-Year Research Update Review: Child Sexual Abuse, 42 J. Am. Acad. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 269 (2003).Google Scholar
Raymond, Elizabeth G. & Grimes, David, The Comparative Safety of Legal Induced Abortion and Childbirth in the United States, 119 J. Obstetrics & Gynecology 215 (2012).Google Scholar
Richardson, Chinué Turner & Nash, Elizabeth, Misinformed Consent: The Medical Accuracy of State-Developed Abortion Counseling Materials, 9 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev. 6 (2006).Google Scholar
Robinson, Sharon A., A Historical Development of Midwifery in the Black Community: 1600–1940, 29 J. Nurse-Midwifery 247 (1984).Google Scholar
Rocca, Corinne H. et al., Decision Rightness and Emotional Responses to Abortion in the United States: A Longitudinal Study, 10 PLoS ONE (July 8, 2015).Google Scholar
Sandall, Jane et al., Midwife-Led Continuity Models Versus Other Models of Care for Childbearing Women, Cochrane Database Systemic Rev., no. 4, 2016.Google Scholar
Sansone, Randy et al., The Christmas Effect on Psychopathology, 8 Innovations in Clinical Neurosci. 10 (2011).Google Scholar
Sheppard, Vanessa B. et al., Providing Health Care To Low-Income Women: A Matter Of Trust, 21 Family Practice 484 (2004).Google Scholar
Silver, Robert M. et al., Work-Up of Stillbirth: A Review of the Evidence, 196 Am. J. Obstetrics & Gynecology 433 (2007).Google Scholar
Sims, Melissa A. & Collins, Kim A., Fetal Death: A 10-Year Retrospective Study, 22 Am. J. Forensic Med. & Pathology 261 (2001).Google Scholar
Smulian, John C. et al., Fetal Deaths in the United States: Influence of High-Risk Conditions and Implications for Management, 100 Obstetrics & Gynecology 1183 (2002).Google Scholar
Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F. & Hall, David W., Abstinence-Only Education and Teen Pregnancy Rates: Why We Need Comprehensive Sex Education in the U.S., 6 PLoS One (2011).Google Scholar
Stevenson, Amanda J. et. al., Effect of Removal of Planned Parenthood from the Texas Women’s Health Program, 374 New Eng. J. Med. 853 (2016).Google Scholar
Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network Writing Group, Association Between Stillbirth and Risk Factors Known at Pregnancy Confirmation, JAMA 2470 (2011).Google Scholar
Thornton, Terry E. & Paltrow, Lynn, The Rights of Pregnant Patients: Carder Case Brings Bold Policy Initiatives, 8 Healthspan 10 (1991).Google Scholar
Turney, Kristin, Stress Proliferation Across Generations? Examining the Relationship Between Parental Incarceration and Childhood Health, 55 J. Health & Soc. Behav. 302 (2014).Google Scholar
Velamoor, V. et al., Feelings About Christmas, as Reported by Psychiatric Emergency Patients, 27 Soc. Behav. & Personality 303 (1999).Google Scholar
Ventura, Stephanie J. et al., Trends and Variations in Smoking During Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight: Evidence from the Birth Certificate, 1990–2000, 111 Pediatrics 1176 (2003).Google Scholar
Wallace, John M. Jr., The Social Ecology of Addiction: Race, Risk, and Resilience, 103 Pediatrics 1122 (1999).Google Scholar
Warren, Kenneth R. et al. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Research Challenges and Opportunities, 34 Alcohol Res. & Health 4 (2011).Google Scholar
Wisborg, K. et al., Psychological Stress During Pregnancy and Stillbirth: Prospective Study, 115 Brit J. Obstetrics & Gynaecology 882 (2008).Google Scholar
Yip, Paul S.F.F. & Liu, Ka Y., The Ecological Fallacy and the Gender Ratio of Suicide in China, 189 Brit. J. Psychiatry 465 (2006).Google Scholar
Abel, Gene et al., Self-Reported Sex Crimes of Nonincarcerated Paraphiliacs, 2 J. Interpers. Violence 3 (1987).Google Scholar
Akrich, Madeleine et al., Practising Childbirth Activism: A Politics of Evidence, Papiers de Recherche du CSI/CSI Working Paper Series No. 023 (2012).Google Scholar
Barr, Kellie E.M. et al., Race, Class, and Gender Differences in Substance Abuse: Evidence of Middle Class/Underclass Polarization Among Black Males, 40 Soc. Probs. 314 (1993).Google Scholar
Becket, Katherine, Choosing Cesarean: Feminism and the Politics of Childbirth in the United States, 6 Feminist Theory 251 (2005).Google Scholar
Bilchik, Shay, Mentoring: A Promising Intervention for Children of Prisoners, 10 Res. in Action 1 (2007 ).Google Scholar
Cocca, Carolyn E., Prosecuting Mrs. Robinson? Gender, Sexuality, and Statutory Rape Laws, 16 Mich. Feminist Stud. 61 (2002).Google Scholar
Condon, Charles, Clinton’s Cocaine Babies, 72 Pol’y Rev. (Apr. 1, 1995).Google Scholar
Davis-Floyd, Robbie, Anthropology and Birth Activism: What Do We Know?, Anthropology News 37 (May 2005).Google Scholar
Gellman, Lauren, Female-Headed Households and the Welfare System, Poverty & Prejudice: Social Security at the Crossroads, June 4, 1999.Google Scholar
Gilliam, Franklin D. Jr., The “Welfare Queen” Experiment: How Viewers React to Images of African American Mothers on Welfare, Nieman Rep., Summer 1999.Google Scholar
Jones, Kelly M., Contraceptive Supply and Fertility Outcomes: Evidence from Ghana, 64 Econ. Dev. & Cultural Change 31 (2015).Google Scholar
Karch, Debra L. et al., Surveillance for Violent Deaths – National Violent Death Reporting System, 16 States, 2009, Morbidity & Mortality Wkly. Rep., Surveillance Summaries 61(6), Sept. 14, 2013.Google Scholar
Kong, Augustine et al., Rate of De Novo Mutations and the Importance of Father’s Age to Disease Risk, 488 Nature 471 (2012).Google Scholar
Lang, Ariel J., Stein, Murray B., Kennedy, Colleen M. & Foy, David W., Adult Psychopathology and Intimate Partner Violence Among Survivors of Childhood Maltreatment, 19 J. Interpers. Violence 1102 (2004).Google Scholar
Lisak, David & Miller, Paul M., Repeat Rape and Multiple Offending Among Undetected Rapists, 17 Violence and Victims 73 (2002).Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine A., Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence, 8 Signs 635 (1983).Google Scholar
Man, Coramae Richey & Selva, Lance H., The Sexualization of Racism: The Black as Rapist and White Justice, 3 W. J. Black Stud. 171 (1979).Google Scholar
Mazzella, Ronald & Feingold, Alan, The Effects of Physical Attractiveness, Race, Socioeconomic Status and Gender of Defendants and Victim’s on-Judgments of Mock Jurors, 24 J. Applied Soc. Psychol. 1315 (1994).Google Scholar
McCabe, Sean Esteban et al., Race/Ethnicity and Gender Differences in Drug Use and Abuse Among College Students, 6 J. Ethnicity Substance Abuse, no. 2 (2008).Google Scholar
Schieve, Laura A. et al., Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology – United States, 1996 and 1998, 51 Morbidity & Mortality Wkly. Rep. 97 (2002).Google Scholar
Albiston, Catherine & Nielson, Laura Beth, Welfare Queens and Other Fairy Tales: Welfare Reform and Unconstitutional Reproductive Controls, 38 How. L.J. 473 (1995).Google Scholar
Alexander, Elizabeth, Unshackling Shawanna: The Battle over Chaining Women Prisoners During Labor and Delivery, 32 U. Ark. Little Rock L. Rev. 435 (2010).Google Scholar
Appell, Annette, “Bad Mothers” and Spanish Speaking Caregivers, 7 Nevada L.J 759 (2007).Google Scholar
Baio, Jo-Anne M., Loss of Consortium: A Derivative Injury Giving Rise to a Separate Cause of Action, 50 Fordham L. Rev. 1344 (1982).Google Scholar
Banashek, Kathryn S., Maternal Prenatal Negligence Does Not Give Rise to a Cause of Action, Stallman v. Youngquist, 125 Ill. 2d 267, 531 N.E.2d 335 (1988), 68 Wash. U. L.Q. 189 (1990).Google Scholar
Bardaglio, Peter W., Rape and the Law in the Old South: Calculated to Excite Indignation in Every Heart, 60 J. S. Hist. 749 (1994).Google Scholar
Barot, Sneha, Abortion Restrictions in U.S. Foreign Aid: The History and Harms of the Helms Amendment, Guttmacher Pol’y Rev., Summer 2013.Google Scholar
Bartlett, Katharine, Pregnancy and the Constitution: The Uniqueness Trap, 62 Cal. L. Rev. 1532 (1974).Google Scholar
Bhargava, Shalini, Challenging Punishment and Privatization: A Response to the Conviction of Regina McKnight, 39 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 513 (2004).Google Scholar
Bibas, Stephanos, Prosecutorial Regulation Versus Prosecutorial Accountability, 157 U. Pa. L. Rev. 959 (2009).Google Scholar
Boonstra, Heather D., & Nash, Elizabeth, A Surge of State Abortion Restrictions Puts Providers – and the Women They Serve – in the Crosshairs, 17 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev. 9 (2014).Google Scholar
Borgmann, Caitlin E., The Meaning of “Life”: Belief and Reason in the Abortion Debate, 18 Colum. J. Gender & L. 551 (2009).Google Scholar
Boyle, Edward Patrick, It’s Not Easy Bein’ Green: The Psychology of Racism, Environmental Discrimination, and the Argument for Modernizing Equal Protection Analysis, 46 Vand. L. Rev. 937 (1993).Google Scholar
Cantor, Julie D., Court-Ordered Care: A Complication of Pregnancy to Avoid, 366 New Eng. J. Med. 2237 (2012).Google Scholar
Chemerinsky, Erwin & Goodwin, Michele, Abortion: A Woman’s Private Choice, 95 Tex. L. Rev. 1189 (2017).Google Scholar
Cherry, April, The Detention, Confinement, and Incarceration of Pregnant Women for the Benefit of Fetal Health, 16 Colum. J. Gender & L. 147 (2007).Google Scholar
Cockrell, Phillip, Pregnancy Disability Benefits and Title VII: Pregnancy Does Not Involve Sex?, 29 Baylor L. Rev. 257 (1977).Google Scholar
Coleman, Harriet Hubacker, Barefoot and Pregnant – Still: Equal Protection for Women in Light of Geduldig v. Aiello, 16 S. Tex. L.J.211 (1975).Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé, Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics, 1989 U. Chi. Legal F. 139.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberle, From Private Violence to Mass Incarceration: Thinking Intersectionally About Women, Race, and Social Control 59 UCLA L. Rev. 1418 (2012).Google Scholar
Crimm, Nina J., The Global Gag Rule: Undermining National Interests by Doing unto Foreign Women and NGOs What Cannot Be Done at Home, 40 Cornell Int’l L.J. 587 (2007)Google Scholar
De Ville, Kenneth A. & Kopelman, Loretta M., Fetal Protection in Wisconsin’s Revised Child Abuse Law: Right Goal, Wrong Remedy, J.L. Med. & Ethics 332(1999).Google Scholar
Doetzer, Geraldine, Hard Labor: The Legal Implications of Shackling Female Inmates During Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 365 (2008).Google Scholar
Dripps, Donald et al., Panel Discussion: Men, Women and Rape, 63 Fordham L. Rev. 125 (1994).Google Scholar
Fentiman, Linda, The New “Fetal Protection”: The Wrong Answer to the Crisis of Inadequate Health Care for Women and Children, 84 Denv. U. L. Rev. 537 (2006).Google Scholar
Fentiman, Linda, Pursuing the Perfect Mother: Why America’s Criminalization of Maternal Substance Abuse Is Not the Answer – A Comparative Legal Analysis, 15 Mich. J. Gender & L. 389 (2009).Google Scholar
Ferrell, Ruth, The Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution – Areas of Controversy, 6 Urb. L. 853 (1974).Google Scholar
Figdor, Emily & Kaeser, Lisa, Concerns Mount over Punitive Approaches to Substance Abuse Among Pregnant Women, 1 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev., Oct. 1998.Google Scholar
Fineman, Martha, Images of Mothers in Poverty Discourses, 1991 Duke L.J. 274.Google Scholar
Fox, James W. Jr., Doctrinal Myths and the Management of Cognitive Dissonance: Race, Law, and the Supreme Court’s Doctrinal Support of Jim Crow, 34 Stetson L. Rev. 293 (2005).Google Scholar
Getman, Karen. A, Sexual Control in the Slaveholding South: The Implementation and Maintenance of a Racial Caste System, 7 Harv. Women’s L.J. 115 (1984).Google Scholar
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, Gender and the Constitution, 44 U. Cin. L. Rev. 1 (1975).Google Scholar
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, Gender in the Supreme Court: the 1973 and 1974 Terms, 1975 Sup. Ct. Rev. 1.Google Scholar
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, Some Thoughts on Autonomy and Equality in Relation to Roe v. Wade, 63 N.C.L. Rev. 375 (1985).Google Scholar
Godsil, Rachel D., Remedying Environmental Racism, 90 Mich. L. Rev. 394 (1991).Google Scholar
Gold, Rachel Benson, Lessons from Before Roe: Will Past Be Prologue?, 6 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev. 8 (2003).Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Phyllis, Counting the Drug War’s Female Casualties, 6 J. Gender Race & Just. 277 (2002).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, Fetal Protection Laws: Moral Panic and the New Constitutional Battlefront, 102 Cal. L. Rev. 781 (2014).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, Law’s Limits: Regulating Statutory Rape Law, 2013 Wisc. L. Rev. 481.Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, Marital Rape: The Long Arch of Sexual Violence Against Women and Girls, 109 AJIL Unbound 326 (2016).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, Prosecuting the Womb, 76 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1657 (2008).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele, When Institutions Fail: The Case of Underage Marriage in India, 62 DePaul L. Rev. 357 (2013).Google Scholar
Goodwin, Michele & Whelan, Allison, Reproduction and the Rule of Law in Latin America, 83 Fordham L. Rev. 2577 (2015).Google Scholar
Graber, Mark A., Rethinking Equal Protection in Dark Times, 4 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 314 (2002).Google Scholar
Gray, Karen F.B., An Establishment Clause Analysis of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 24 Ga. L. Rev. 399, 418 (1990).Google Scholar
Griggs, Claire, Birthing Barbarism: The Unconstitutionality of Shackling Pregnant Prisoners, 20 Am U. J. Gender Soc. Pol’y & L. 247 (2011).Google Scholar
Guttmacher, Alan F., Law, Morality, and Abortion, 22 Rutgers L. Rev. 415 (1967).Google Scholar
Haddad, Lisa B. & Nour, Nawal M., Unsafe Abortion: Unnecessary Maternal Mortality, 2 Rev. Obstetrics & Gynecology 122 (2009).Google Scholar
Hamilton, Vivian E., The Age of Marital Capacity: Reconsidering Civil Recognition of Adolescent Marriage, 92 Bos. L. Rev. 1817 (2012).Google Scholar
Hasday, Jill Elaine, Contest and Consent: A Legal History of Marital Rape, 88 Calif. L. Rev. 1373 (2000).Google Scholar
Healy, Michael P., The Preemption of State Hazardous and Solid Waste Regulations: The Dormant Commerce Clause Awakens Once More, 43 Wash. U. J. Urb. & Contemp. L. 177 (1993).Google Scholar
Humphreys, Janice C. & Humphreys, William O., Mandatory Arrest: A Means of Primary and Secondary Prevention of Abuse of Female Partners, 10 Victimology 267 (1985).Google Scholar
Kanin, Eugene, Date Rape: Unofficial Victims and Criminals, 9 Victimology 95 (1984).Google Scholar
Larson, Jane. E, “Even a Worm Will Turn at Last”: Rape Reform in Late Nineteenth-Century America, 9 Yale J.L. & Human. 1 (1997).Google Scholar
Lavelle, Marianne & Coyle, Marcia, The Federal Government, in Its Cleanup of Hazardous Sites and Its Pursuit of Polluters, Favors White Communities Over Minority Communities Under Environmental Laws Meant to Provide Equal Protection for All Citizens, a National Law Journal Investigation Has Found, 15 Nat’l L.J., Sept. 21, 1992, at S2.Google Scholar
Law, Sylvia A., Rethinking Sex and the Constitution, 132 U. Pa. L. Rev. 955 (1984).Google Scholar
Lazarus, Richard, Pursuing Environmental Justice: The Distributional Effects of Environmental Justice, 87 Nw. U. L. Rev. 787 (1993).Google Scholar
Levi, Robin et al., Creating the Bad Mother: How the US Approach to Pregnancy in Prisons Violates the Right to Be a Mother, 18 UCLA Women’s L.J. 1 (2010).Google Scholar
Loue, Sana, Legal and Epidemiological Aspects of Child Maltreatment: Toward an Integrated Approach, 19 J. Legal Med. 471 (1998).Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine, Reflections on Sex Equality Under Law, 100 Yale L.J. 1281 (1991).Google Scholar
Murphy, Jane, Legal Images of Motherhood: Conflicting Definitions from Welfare “Reform,” Family, and Criminal Law, 83 Cornell L. Rev. 688 (1998).Google Scholar
Murray, Pauli & Eastwood, Mary O., Jane Crow and the Law: Sex Discrimination and Title VII, 34 George Wash. L. Rev. 232 (1965 ).Google Scholar
Nourse, Victoria & Shaffer, Gregory, Varieties of New Legal Realism: Can a New World Order Prompt a New Legal Theory, 95 Cornell L. Rev. 61 (2009).Google Scholar
Oberman, Michelle, Mothers and Doctors’ Orders: Unmasking the Doctor’s Fiduciary Role in Maternal-Fetal Conflicts, 94 Nw. U. L. Rev. 453 (19992000).Google Scholar
Ocen, Priscilla A., Punishing Pregnancy: Race, Incarceration and the Shackling of Pregnant Prisoners, 100 Cal. L. Rev. 1239 (2012).Google Scholar
Paltrow, Lynn M., Pregnant Drug Users, Fetal Persons, and the Threat to Roe v. Wade, 62 Alb. L. Rev. 999 (1999).Google Scholar
Paltrow, Lynn M. & Jeanne, Flavin, Arrests of and Forced Interventions on Pregnant Women in the United States, 1973–2005: Implications for Women’s Legal Status and Public Health, 38 J. Health Pol. Pol’y & L. 299 (2013).Google Scholar
Partington, Donald H., The Incidence of the Death Penalty for Rape in Virginia, 22 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 43 (1965).Google Scholar
Peach, Lucinda J., From Spiritual Descriptions to Legal Prescriptions: Religious Imagery of Woman as “Fetal Container” in the Law, 10 J.L. & Religion 73 (1994).Google Scholar
Pleck, Elizabeth, Criminal Approaches to Family Violence, 1640–1980, 11 Crime & Just. 19 (1989).Google Scholar
Ratnayake, Ann, The Confrontation Clause After Ohio v. Clark: The Path to Reinvigorating Evidence-Based Prosecution of Intimate Partner Violence Cases, 84 George Wash. L. Rev. Arguendo 18 (2016).Google Scholar
Roberts, Dorothy, Prison, Foster Care, and the Systemic Punishment of Black Mothers, 59 UCLA L. Rev. 1474 (2012).Google Scholar
Roberts, Dorothy, Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right of Privacy, 104 Harv. L. Rev. 1419 (1991).Google Scholar
Rosen, Kenneth M., Fiduciaries, 58 Ala. L. Rev. 1041 (2005).Google Scholar
Rowan, Andrea, Prosecuting Women for Self-Inducing Abortion: Counterproductive and Lacking Compassion, 18 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev. 70 (2015).Google Scholar
Saks, Stephen, The “Constitution in Exile” as a Problem for Legal Theory 89 Notre Dame L. Rev. 2253 (2014).Google Scholar
Scott, Austin W., The Fiduciary Principle, 37 Cal. L. Rev. 539 (1949).Google Scholar
Scott, Charity, Why Law Pervades Medicine: An Essay on Ethics in Health Care, 14 Notre Dame J. L. Ethics & Pub. Pol’y 245 (2000).Google Scholar
Shaw, Jessica, Full-Spectrum Reproductive Justice: The Affinity of Abortion Rights and Birth Activism, 7 Stud. in Soc. Just. 143 (2013).Google Scholar
Siegel, Reva B., Reasoning from the Body: A Historical Perspective on Abortion Regulation and Questions of Equal Protection, 44 Stan. L. Rev. 261 (1992).Google Scholar
Siegel, Reva B., “The Rule of Love”: Wife Beating as Prerogative and Privacy, 105 YALE L.J. 2117 (1996).Google Scholar
Siegel, Reva, Why Equal Protection No Longer Protects: The Evolving Forms of Status-Enforcing State Action, 49 Stan. L. Rev. 1111.Google Scholar
Siegel, Neil S. & Reva, Siegel, Equality Arguments for Abortion Rights, 60 UCLA L. Rev. Disc. 160 (2013).Google Scholar
Smith, Robert J. & Levinson, Justin D., The Impact of Implicit Racial Bias on the Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion, 35 Seattle U. L. Rev. 795 (2012).Google Scholar
Spohn, Cassia C. & Horney, Julie, The Impact of Rape Law Reform on the Processing of Simple and Aggravated Rape Cases, 86 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 861 (1996).Google Scholar
Suter, Sonia, Bad Mothers or Struggling Mothers?, 42 Rutgers L. J. 695 (2011).Google Scholar
Torres, Gerald, Race, Class, and Environmental Regulation, 63 U. Colo. L. Rev. 839 (1992).Google Scholar
Van Detta, Jeffrey A., Constitutionalizing Roe, Casey and Carhart: A Legislative Due-Process Anti-Discrimination Principle that Gives Constitutional Content to the “Undue Burden” Standard of Review Applied to Abortion Control Legislation, 10 S. Cal. Rev. L. & Women’s Stud. 211 (2001).Google Scholar
Walsh, Michael. G, Annotation, Criminal Responsibility of Husband for Rape, or Assault to Commit Rape, on Wife, 24 A.L.R. 4th 105 (1983).Google Scholar
Welch, Donna M., Mandatory Arrest of Domestic Abusers: Panacea or Perpetuation of the Problem of Abuse, 43 DePaul L. Rev.1133 (1994).Google Scholar
West, Robin, Equality Theory, Marital Rape, and the Promise of the Fourteenth Amendment, 42 Fla. L. Rev. 45 (1990).Google Scholar
Zaher, Claudia, When a Woman’s Marital Status Determined Her Legal Status: A Research Guide on the Common Law Doctrine of Coverture, 94 L. Libr. J. 459 (2002).Google Scholar
ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice, Management of Stillbirth, 113 Obstetrics & Gynecology 749 (2009).Google Scholar
ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice, Committee Opinion: Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request, 121 Obstetrics & Gynecology 904 (2013).Google Scholar
Annas, George J., The Legacy of the Nuremberg Doctors’ Trial to American Bioethics and Human Rights, 10 Minn. J. L. Sci. & Tech. 13 (2009).Google Scholar
Annas, George J., Pregnant Women as Fetal Containers, 16 Hastings Ctr. Rep. 13 (1986).Google Scholar
Annas, George J., Protecting the Liberty of Pregnant Patients, 316 New Eng. J. Med. 1213 (1987).Google Scholar
Arria., Amelia M. et al., Drug Treatment Completion and Post-Discharge Employment in the TOPPS-II Interstate Cooperative Study Treatment, 25 J. Substance Abuse Treatment 9 (2003).Google Scholar
Biggs, M.A., Does Abortion Reduce Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction?, 23 Quality Life Res. 2505 (2014).Google Scholar
Bendavid, Eran, Avila, Patrick & Miller, Grant, United States Aid Policy and Induced Abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa, 89 Bull. World Health Org. 873 (2011).Google Scholar
Biggs, M. Antonia et al., Women’s Mental Health and Well-Being 5 Years After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study, 74 JAMA Psychiatry 169 (2017).Google Scholar
Brender, Jean D. & Griesenbeck, John S., Hazardous Waste Sites, Industrial Facilities, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Dallas, Denton, and Tarrant Counties, 1997–2000 Tex. A&M Sch. Rural Pub. Health 1 (2008).Google Scholar
Bullock, L.F. & McFarlane, J, Higher Prevalence of Low Birthweight Infants Born to Battered Women, 89 Am. J. Nursing 1153 (1989).Google Scholar
Carter, Carolyn S., Perinatal Care for Women Who Are Addicted: Implications for Empowerment, 27 Health & Soc. Work 166 (2002).Google Scholar
Campbell, Jacquelyn C., Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence, 359 Lancet 1331 (2002).Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Infant Mortality Rates, by Race and Hispanic Ethnicity of Mother – United States, 2000, 2005, and 2009, 62 MMWR 90 (2013).Google Scholar
Chance, Graham W., Neonatal Intensive Care and Cost Effectiveness, 139 Canadian Med. Ass’n J. 943 (1988).Google Scholar
Chasnoff, Ira J. et al., The Prevalence of Illicit Drug or Alcohol Use During Pregnancy and Discrepancies in Mandatory Reporting in Pinellas Country, Florida, 322 New Eng. J. Med. 1202 (1990).Google Scholar
Cheyney, Melissa et al., Development and Validation of National Data Registry for Midwife-Led Births: The Midwives Alliance of North America Statistics Project 2.0, 59 J. Midwifery & Women’s Health 8 (2014).Google Scholar
Cheyney, Melissa et al., Outcomes of Care for 16,484 Planned Home Births in the United States: The Midwives Alliance of North America Statistics Project, 20042009, 59 J. Midwifery & Women’s Health 17 (2014)Google Scholar
Coeytaux, Francine, et al., Maternal Mortality in the United States: A Human Rights Failure, 83 Contraception 189 (2011).Google Scholar
Conner, Kenneth R. et al., Low-Planned Suicides in China, 35 Psychological Med. 1197 (2005).Google Scholar
Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, Violence Against Women: Relevance for Medical Practitioners, 267 JAMA 3184 (1992).Google Scholar
de Jonge, A. et al., Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity in a Nationwide Cohort of 529,688 Low-Risk Planned Home and Hospital Births, 116 BJOG 1177 (2009).Google Scholar
DeLee, Joseph B., Progress Toward Ideal Obstetrics, Speech at Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Association for Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality (Nov. 11, 1915), in 73 Am. J. of Obstetrics & Diseases of Women & Children, 407 (1916).Google Scholar
DiFranza, Joseph R. et al., Legislative Efforts to Protect Children from Tobacco, 257 JAMA 3387 (1987).Google Scholar
Di Mauro, Diane & Carole, Joffe, The Religious Right and the Reshaping of Sexual Policy: An Examination of Reproductive Rights and Sexuality Education, 4 Sexuality Res. and Soc. Pol’y: J. Nat’l Sexuality Res. Ctr. 67 (2007).Google Scholar
Duncan, Renae et al., Childhood Physical Assault as a Risk Factor for PTSD, Depression, and Substance Abuse: Findings from a National Survey, 66 Am. J. Orthopsychol. 437 (1996).Google Scholar
Edwards, Marc, Fetal Death and Reduced Birth Rates Associated with Exposure to Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water, 48 Envtl. Sci. & Tech. 730 (2014).Google Scholar
Ernhart, Claire B. et al., Intrauterine Exposure to Low Levels of Lead: The Status of the Neonate, 41 Archives Envtl. Health 287 (1986).Google Scholar
Ferszt, Ginette Gosselin, Giving Birth in Shackles: It’s Time to Stop Restraining Pregnant Inmates During Childbirth, 110 Am. J. Nursing 11 (2010).Google Scholar
Finer, Lawrence B. et al., Declines in Unintended Pregnancy in the United States, 2008–2011, 374 New Eng. J. Med. 843 (2016).Google Scholar
Flanders-Stepans, Mary Beth, Alarming Racial Differences in Maternal Mortality, 9 J. Perinatal Educ. 50 (2000).Google Scholar
Flenady, Victoria et al., Major Risk Factors for Stillbirth in High-Income Countries: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis, 337 Lancet 1331 (2011).Google Scholar
Frank, Deborah A. et al., Growth, Development, and Behavior in Early Childhood Following Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, 285 JAMA 1613 (2001).Google Scholar
Fullerton, J.T. et al., Outcomes of Planned Home Birth: An Integrative Review, 52 J. Midwifery & Women’s Health 323 (2007).Google Scholar
Gazmararian, J.A. et al., Prevalence of Violence Against Pregnant Women: A Review of the Literature, 275 JAMA 1915 (1996).Google Scholar
Gazmararian, J.A. et al., Violence and Reproductive Health: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions, 4 Maternal Child Health J. 79 (2000).Google Scholar
Geppert, Cynthia M.A. & Roberts, Laura Weiss, Protecting Patient Confidentiality in Primary Care, 3 Seminars in Med. prac. 7 (2000).Google Scholar
Greene, Tom & Ernhart, Claire B., Prenatal and Preschool Age Lead Exposure: Relationship with Size, 13 Neurotoxicology & Teratology 417 (1991).Google Scholar
Grimes, D.A., Estimation of Pregnancy-Related Mortality Risk by Pregnancy Outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999,194 Am. J. Obstetrics & Gynecology 92 (2006).Google Scholar
Goldenberg, R.L. et al., Stillbirth: A Review, 16 J. of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Med. 79 (2004).Google Scholar
Holmes, M.M. et al., Rape-Related Pregnancy: Estimates and Descriptive Characteristics from a National Sample of Women, 175 Am. J. Obstetrics & Gynecology 320 (1996).Google Scholar
Hallam, Hurt et al., Children With and Without Gestational Cocaine Exposure: A Neurocognitive System Analysis, 31 Neurotoxicology & Teratology 334 (2009).Google Scholar
Hallam, Hurt et al., Children with In Utero Cocaine Exposure Do Not Differ from Control Subjects on Intelligence Testing, 151 Archives Pediatric Adolescent Med., 1237 (1997).Google Scholar
Hallam, Hurt et al., A Prospective Comparison of Developmental Outcome of Children with In Utero Cocaine Exposure and Controls Using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 22 J. Developmental & Behav. Pediatrics 21 (2001).Google Scholar
Hurt, Hallam et al., School Performance of Children with Gestational Cocaine Exposure, 27 Neurotoxicology & Teratology 203 (2011).Google Scholar
Hutton, E. et al., Outcomes Associated with Planned Home and Hospital Births in Low-Risk Women Attended by Midwives in Ontario, Canada, 2003–2006: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 36 Birth 180 (2009).Google Scholar
Janssen, P., Outcomes of Planned Home Birth with Registered Midwife Versus Planned Hospital Birth with Midwife or Physician, 181 Canadian Med. Ass’n J. 377 (2009).Google Scholar
Kindler, Kenneth, Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in Women, 57 Archives Gen. Psychiatry 953 (2000).Google Scholar
Kornhauser, Michael & Schneiderman, Roy, How Plans Can Improve Outcomes and Cut Costs for Preterm Infant Care, ManagedCare (Jan. 1 2010), http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/1001/1001.preterm.html.Google Scholar
Larson, Charles, Poverty During Pregnancy: Its Effects on Child Health Outcomes, 12 J. Pediatric Child Health 673 (2007).Google Scholar
LeBolt, S.A., Grimes, D.A. & Cates, W Jr., Mortality from Abortion and Childbirth: Are the Populations Comparable?, 248 JAMA 188 (1982).Google Scholar
Lombardo, Paul, Phantom Tumors and Hysterical Women: Revising Our View of the Schloendorff Case, J.L. Med. & Ethics 791 (2005).Google Scholar
Lyons, Peter & Rittner, Barbara, The Construction of the Crack Babies Phenomenon as a Social Problem, 68 Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 313 (1998).Google Scholar
MacDorman, Marian F. et al, Recent Increases in the U.S. Maternal Mortality Rate: Disentangling Trends from Measurement Issues, 128 Obstetrics & Gynecology 447 (2016).Google Scholar
Malacrida, Claudia, Complicated Mourning: The Social Economy of Perinatal Death, 9 Qualitative Health Res. 504 (1999).Google Scholar
May, Philip A. & Goassage, Phillip, Maternal Risk Factors for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, 34 Alcohol Res. & Health 16 (2011).Google Scholar
Mitchell, Allen A. et al., Medication Use During Pregnancy, with Particular Focus on Prescription Drugs: 1976–2008, 250 Am. J. Obstetrics Gynecology 50 (2011).Google Scholar
Murphy, Claire C. et al., Abuse: A Risk Factor for Low Birth Weight? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 164 Canadian Med. Ass’n J. 1567 (2001).Google Scholar
Nagahawatte, N. Tanya & Goldenberg, Robert, Poverty, Maternal Health, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, 1136 Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 80, 81 (2008).Google Scholar
Paley, Blair & O’Connor, Mary J., Intervention for Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Treatment Approaches and Case Management, 15 Developmental Disabilities Res. Revs. 258 (2009).Google Scholar
Paltrow, Lynn M., Roe v. Wade and the New Jane Crow: Reproductive Rights in the Age of Mass Incarceration, 103 Am. J. Pub. Health 17 (2013).Google Scholar
Paulson, Margaret & Dekker, Anthony H., Healthcare Disparities in Pain Management, 105 J. Am. Osteopathic Ass’n S14 (Supp. 3 2005).Google Scholar
Pearson, Veronica, Goods on Which One Loses: Women and Mental Health in China, 41 Soc. Sci. & med. 1159 (1995).Google Scholar
Pearson, Veronica, Ling’s Death: An Ethnography of a Chinese Woman’s Suicide, 32 Suicide & Life-Threatening Behav. 347 (2002).Google Scholar
Peretti, P.O., Holiday Depression in Young Adults, 23 Psychologia 251 (1980).Google Scholar
Phillips, Michael R. et al., Risk Factors for Suicide in China: A National Case-Control Psychological Autopsy Study, 360 Lancet 1728 (2002).Google Scholar
Putnam, Frank, Ten-Year Research Update Review: Child Sexual Abuse, 42 J. Am. Acad. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 269 (2003).Google Scholar
Raymond, Elizabeth G. & Grimes, David, The Comparative Safety of Legal Induced Abortion and Childbirth in the United States, 119 J. Obstetrics & Gynecology 215 (2012).Google Scholar
Richardson, Chinué Turner & Nash, Elizabeth, Misinformed Consent: The Medical Accuracy of State-Developed Abortion Counseling Materials, 9 Guttmacher Pol’y Rev. 6 (2006).Google Scholar
Robinson, Sharon A., A Historical Development of Midwifery in the Black Community: 1600–1940, 29 J. Nurse-Midwifery 247 (1984).Google Scholar
Rocca, Corinne H. et al., Decision Rightness and Emotional Responses to Abortion in the United States: A Longitudinal Study, 10 PLoS ONE (July 8, 2015).Google Scholar
Sandall, Jane et al., Midwife-Led Continuity Models Versus Other Models of Care for Childbearing Women, Cochrane Database Systemic Rev., no. 4, 2016.Google Scholar
Sansone, Randy et al., The Christmas Effect on Psychopathology, 8 Innovations in Clinical Neurosci. 10 (2011).Google Scholar
Sheppard, Vanessa B. et al., Providing Health Care To Low-Income Women: A Matter Of Trust, 21 Family Practice 484 (2004).Google Scholar
Silver, Robert M. et al., Work-Up of Stillbirth: A Review of the Evidence, 196 Am. J. Obstetrics & Gynecology 433 (2007).Google Scholar
Sims, Melissa A. & Collins, Kim A., Fetal Death: A 10-Year Retrospective Study, 22 Am. J. Forensic Med. & Pathology 261 (2001).Google Scholar
Smulian, John C. et al., Fetal Deaths in the United States: Influence of High-Risk Conditions and Implications for Management, 100 Obstetrics & Gynecology 1183 (2002).Google Scholar
Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F. & Hall, David W., Abstinence-Only Education and Teen Pregnancy Rates: Why We Need Comprehensive Sex Education in the U.S., 6 PLoS One (2011).Google Scholar
Stevenson, Amanda J. et. al., Effect of Removal of Planned Parenthood from the Texas Women’s Health Program, 374 New Eng. J. Med. 853 (2016).Google Scholar
Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network Writing Group, Association Between Stillbirth and Risk Factors Known at Pregnancy Confirmation, JAMA 2470 (2011).Google Scholar
Thornton, Terry E. & Paltrow, Lynn, The Rights of Pregnant Patients: Carder Case Brings Bold Policy Initiatives, 8 Healthspan 10 (1991).Google Scholar
Turney, Kristin, Stress Proliferation Across Generations? Examining the Relationship Between Parental Incarceration and Childhood Health, 55 J. Health & Soc. Behav. 302 (2014).Google Scholar
Velamoor, V. et al., Feelings About Christmas, as Reported by Psychiatric Emergency Patients, 27 Soc. Behav. & Personality 303 (1999).Google Scholar
Ventura, Stephanie J. et al., Trends and Variations in Smoking During Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight: Evidence from the Birth Certificate, 1990–2000, 111 Pediatrics 1176 (2003).Google Scholar
Wallace, John M. Jr., The Social Ecology of Addiction: Race, Risk, and Resilience, 103 Pediatrics 1122 (1999).Google Scholar
Warren, Kenneth R. et al. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Research Challenges and Opportunities, 34 Alcohol Res. & Health 4 (2011).Google Scholar
Wisborg, K. et al., Psychological Stress During Pregnancy and Stillbirth: Prospective Study, 115 Brit J. Obstetrics & Gynaecology 882 (2008).Google Scholar
Yip, Paul S.F.F. & Liu, Ka Y., The Ecological Fallacy and the Gender Ratio of Suicide in China, 189 Brit. J. Psychiatry 465 (2006).Google Scholar
Abel, Gene et al., Self-Reported Sex Crimes of Nonincarcerated Paraphiliacs, 2 J. Interpers. Violence 3 (1987).Google Scholar
Akrich, Madeleine et al., Practising Childbirth Activism: A Politics of Evidence, Papiers de Recherche du CSI/CSI Working Paper Series No. 023 (2012).Google Scholar
Barr, Kellie E.M. et al., Race, Class, and Gender Differences in Substance Abuse: Evidence of Middle Class/Underclass Polarization Among Black Males, 40 Soc. Probs. 314 (1993).Google Scholar
Becket, Katherine, Choosing Cesarean: Feminism and the Politics of Childbirth in the United States, 6 Feminist Theory 251 (2005).Google Scholar
Bilchik, Shay, Mentoring: A Promising Intervention for Children of Prisoners, 10 Res. in Action 1 (2007 ).Google Scholar
Cocca, Carolyn E., Prosecuting Mrs. Robinson? Gender, Sexuality, and Statutory Rape Laws, 16 Mich. Feminist Stud. 61 (2002).Google Scholar
Condon, Charles, Clinton’s Cocaine Babies, 72 Pol’y Rev. (Apr. 1, 1995).Google Scholar
Davis-Floyd, Robbie, Anthropology and Birth Activism: What Do We Know?, Anthropology News 37 (May 2005).Google Scholar
Gellman, Lauren, Female-Headed Households and the Welfare System, Poverty & Prejudice: Social Security at the Crossroads, June 4, 1999.Google Scholar
Gilliam, Franklin D. Jr., The “Welfare Queen” Experiment: How Viewers React to Images of African American Mothers on Welfare, Nieman Rep., Summer 1999.Google Scholar
Jones, Kelly M., Contraceptive Supply and Fertility Outcomes: Evidence from Ghana, 64 Econ. Dev. & Cultural Change 31 (2015).Google Scholar
Karch, Debra L. et al., Surveillance for Violent Deaths – National Violent Death Reporting System, 16 States, 2009, Morbidity & Mortality Wkly. Rep., Surveillance Summaries 61(6), Sept. 14, 2013.Google Scholar
Kong, Augustine et al., Rate of De Novo Mutations and the Importance of Father’s Age to Disease Risk, 488 Nature 471 (2012).Google Scholar
Lang, Ariel J., Stein, Murray B., Kennedy, Colleen M. & Foy, David W., Adult Psychopathology and Intimate Partner Violence Among Survivors of Childhood Maltreatment, 19 J. Interpers. Violence 1102 (2004).Google Scholar
Lisak, David & Miller, Paul M., Repeat Rape and Multiple Offending Among Undetected Rapists, 17 Violence and Victims 73 (2002).Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine A., Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence, 8 Signs 635 (1983).Google Scholar
Man, Coramae Richey & Selva, Lance H., The Sexualization of Racism: The Black as Rapist and White Justice, 3 W. J. Black Stud. 171 (1979).Google Scholar
Mazzella, Ronald & Feingold, Alan, The Effects of Physical Attractiveness, Race, Socioeconomic Status and Gender of Defendants and Victim’s on-Judgments of Mock Jurors, 24 J. Applied Soc. Psychol. 1315 (1994).Google Scholar
McCabe, Sean Esteban et al., Race/Ethnicity and Gender Differences in Drug Use and Abuse Among College Students, 6 J. Ethnicity Substance Abuse, no. 2 (2008).Google Scholar
Schieve, Laura A. et al., Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology – United States, 1996 and 1998, 51 Morbidity & Mortality Wkly. Rep. 97 (2002).Google Scholar
$5 M Settlement in Hysterectomy Trial, ABC News, Sept. 17, 2009.Google Scholar
Aaronson, Becca, House Approves Abortion Restrictions, Tex. Trib., July 10, 2013.Google Scholar
Aghajanian, Liana, Los Angeles Midwives Aim to End Racial Disparities at Birth, Aljazeera Am., Sept. 5, 2015.Google Scholar
A Guide to the Allegations Made by Women Against Donald Trump, Chi. Trib., Oct. 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Aguilar, Rose, Utah Governor Signs Controversial Law Charging Women and Girls with Murder for Miscarriages, AlterNet, Mar. 9, 2010.Google Scholar
Alesia, Mark, Lawsuit: Former Marion County Jail Inmate Denied His Cancer Treatment, IndyStar (Jun. 18, 2018), https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2018/06/18/prison-medical-care-marion-county-jail-correct-care-solutions/637068002/.Google Scholar
Allen, Ellen, Breast Cancer Behind Bars: One Woman’s Story, Rewire News (Oct. 24, 2014, 4:25 PM), http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2014/10/24/breast-cancer-behind-bars-one-womans-story/.Google Scholar
Amar, Akhil Reed, The Troubling Reason the Electoral College Exists, Time, Nov. 8, 2016.Google Scholar
Am. Coll. of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, FAQ: Cesarean Birth (May 2018), https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Cesarean-Birth.Google Scholar
Am. Pregnancy Ass’n, Abusing Prescription Drugs During Pregnancy, http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/abusingprescriptiondrugs.html.Google Scholar
Andrews, Travis & Barbash, Fred, Father Who “Repeatedly Raped His 12-Year Old Daughter” Gets 60-Day Sentence. Fury Erupts., Wash. Post, Oct. 19, 2016.Google Scholar
Angell, Marcia & Greene, Michael, Opinion, Where Are the Doctors?, USA Today (last updated May 15, 2012, 6:36 PM), http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/forum/story/2012-05-15/women-contraception-abortion-reproductive-rights-doctors/54979766/1.Google Scholar
Anthony, Kontji, Police: Woman Earns DUI for Endangering Fetus, WMCTV (June 30, 2013), http://www.wmcactionnews5.com/story/20525700/police-pregnant-woman-earns-dui-for-endangering-fetus/.Google Scholar
Ashley, Keith, Voters in the Georgia GOP Primary Will Vote on Personhood, Personhood USA (May 22, 2012), http://cm.personhoodusa.com/voters-georgia-gop-primary-will-vote-personhood.Google Scholar
Associated Press, Court to Hear Case of Woman Accused in Stillbirth, Jackson Free Press, Apr. 1, 2013.Google Scholar
Associated Press, Kansas Law Maker Compares Abortion to Holocaust, Wichita Eagle (Mar. 9, 2015), http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article13112999.html.Google Scholar
Attiah, Karen, Why Won’t the U.S. Ratify the U.N.’s Child Rights Treaty?, Wash. Post (Nov. 21, 2014), https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2014/11/21/why-wont-the-u-s-ratify-the-u-n-s-child-rights-treaty.Google Scholar
Bader, Eleanor J., Criminalizing Pregnancy: How Feticide Laws Made Common Ground for Pro-and Anti-Choice Groups, Truthout (Jun. 14, 2012), https://truthout.org/articles/criminalizing-pregnancy-how-feticide-laws-made-common-ground-for-pro-and-anti-choice-groups/.Google Scholar
Bassett, Laura, More Abortion Laws Enacted in Past Three Years Than in Entire Previous Decade, Huffington Post (Jan. 3, 2014, 12:21 PM), http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/03/states-abortion-laws_n_4536752.html.Google Scholar
Bassett, Laura, North Dakota Personhood Measure Passes State Senate, Huffington Post (Feb. 7, 2013, 5:24PM), http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/north-dakota-personhood_n_2640380.html.Google Scholar
Bassett, Laura, Paul Ryan Cosponsors New Fetal Personhood Bill, Huffington Post, Jan. 9, 2013.Google Scholar
Bassett, Laura, Trent Franks: “The Incidence of Rape Resulting in Pregnancy Are Very Low, Huffington Post (June 12, 2013), http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/12/trent-franks-rape-pregnancy_n_3428846.html.Google Scholar
Bates, Eric, What You Need to Know About Jesse Helms, Mother Jones (May–June 1995) http://www.motherjones.com/politics/1995/05/what-you-need-know-about-jesse-helms.Google Scholar
Bauerlein, Valerie, North Carolina to Compensate Sterilization Victims, Wall St. J. (July 26, 2013), http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323971204578629943220881914.Google Scholar
Bazelon, Emily, Obama’s Executive Order on Abortion, Slate, Mar. 21, 2010.Google Scholar
Becker, Daniel, Georgia Legislature Passes Nation’s First Embryo Adoption Law, Christian News Wire (Apr. 3, 2009), http://www.christiannewswire.com/news/630359951.html.Google Scholar
Belkin, Lisa, Is Refusing Bed Rest a Crime?, N.Y. Times (Jan. 12, 2010, 12:50 PM), http://parenting.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/12/is-refusing-bed-rest-a-crime/.Google Scholar
Bender, Michael C. & Janet, Hook, Donald Trump’s Lewd Comments About Women Spark Uproar, Wall St. J. (last updated Oct. 8, 2016, 12:43 AM), https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trumps-lewd-comments-about-women-spark-uproar-1475886118.Google Scholar
Bendery, Jennifer, Michael Burgess: I Oppose Abortion Because Male Fetuses Masturbate, Huffington Post (May 18, 2013), http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/18/michael-burgess-abortion_n_3459108.html.Google Scholar
Benen, Steve, List of Trump’s Women Accusers Continues to Grow, MSNBC, Oct. 24, 2016.Google Scholar
Berzon, Alexandra, Palazzolo, Joe & Passy, Charles, Video Puts Spotlight on Donald Trump’s History of Lewd Comments, Wall St. J., Oct. 9, 2016.Google Scholar
Besharov, Douglas, Crack Babies: The Worst Threat Is Mom Herself, Wash. Post, Aug. 6, 1989, reprinted at http://www.welfareacademy.org/pubs/childwelfare/crackbabies-0889.shtml.Google Scholar
Black Men Tragic Victims of White Milwaukee Man’s Gruesome Murder Spree, Jet Mag., Aug. 12, 1991.Google Scholar
Blackmon, Douglas A., An Interview with Eric Holder on Mass Incarceration, Wash. Monthly: Ten Miles Square, Feb. 11, 2014.Google Scholar
Blakeslee, Sandra, Crack’s Toll Among Babies: A Joyless View, Even of Toys, N.Y. Times, Sept. 17, 1989.Google Scholar
Blinder, Alan, North Carolina House Passes New Restrictions on Abortion, N.Y. Times, July 12 2013.Google Scholar
Block, Jennifer, Jailed for a Suicide Attempt, Daily Beast, Apr. 12, 2013.Google Scholar
Block, John, Siljander Expresses Anger Over O’Connor Nomination, Toledo Blade, July 9, 1981.Google Scholar
Bluestein, Greg, Pew Study: Prison Recidivism Rates Remain High, CNS News, Apr. 13, 2011.Google Scholar
Boonstra, Heather D., The Heart of the Matter: Public Funding of Abortion for Poor Women in the United States, Guttmacher Inst. (Mar. 5, 2007), https://www.guttmacher.org/about/gpr/2007/03/heart-matter-public-funding-abortion-poor-women-united-states.Google Scholar
Borchers, Callum, Donald Trump to Megyn Kelly: I’m Sorry Not Sorry, Wash. Post, May 17, 2016.Google Scholar
Broder, David S., Jesse Helms, White Racist, Wash. Post, (July 7, 2008, 12:00 AM), http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/06/AR2008070602321.html.Google Scholar
Brody, Jane, Coming a Long Way on Smoking with a Long Way to Go, N.Y. Times Blog, Jan. 20, 2014.Google Scholar
Brown, David, “Crack Baby” Theory Doubted, Wash. Post, Mar. 28, 2001.Google Scholar
Bruck, Renee, Judge: Made Decision with Tragic Result, Madison Courier, Oct. 18, 2016.Google Scholar
Buckley, Madeline, Former IU Student Charged With Raping 2 Women During Parties, IndyStar, Sept. 16, 2015.Google Scholar
Buffardi, Danielle, Benefits of a Vaginal Birth, Pregnancy Ass’n Pregnancy Blog, Feb. 3, 2012.Google Scholar
Byars, Mitchell, Former CU Student Convicted of Boulder Rape Spared Prison Sentence, DailyCamera, Aug. 10, 2016.Google Scholar
Cadoff, Becca, States Aim to Make the Grade When It Comes to Shackling Pregnant Prisoners, ACLU Blog of Rights (Mar. 31, 2011, 7:35 PM), http://www.aclu.org/blog/prisoners-rights-reproductive-freedom-womens-rights/states-aim-make-grade-when-it-comes.Google Scholar
Calhoun, Ada, The Criminalization of Bad Mothers, N.Y. Times, Apr. 25, 2012.Google Scholar
Celis, William, Family Sought New Life Only to Find New Pain, N.Y. Times, July 31, 1991.Google Scholar
Celizic, Mike, Genarlow Wilson: “I’m Coming out a Man, Today News, Oct. 29, 2007.Google Scholar
Chemaly, Soraya, “Personhood” and the Punishment of All American Women, Fem2.0 (Jan. 15, 2013), http://www.fem2pt0.com/?p=17737.Google Scholar
Chemerinsky, Erwin, Chemerinsky: What Will the Presidential Election Mean for SCOTUS?, ABA J. (Sept. 6, 2016), http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/chemerinsky_what_will_the_coming_election_mean_for_scotus.Google Scholar
Chinese Immigrant Pleads Guilty in Baby’s Death, ABC News (Aug. 2, 2013).Google Scholar
Chung, Andrew, Supreme Court Lifts Ban on Wisconsin’s “Cocaine Mom” Law During Appeal, Reuters (July 7, 2017, 5:10 PM), https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-cocaine/supreme-court-lifts-block-on-wisconsin-cocaine-mom-law-during-appeal-idUSKBN19S2YX [https://perma.cc/BSB6-HHRZ].Google Scholar
CNN Wire Staff, Akin Bows out of CNN Appearance at the Last Minute, CNN (Aug. 21, 2012, 9:33 AM), http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/20/politics/campaign-wrap/index.html.Google Scholar
Collins, Jeff, $84,000 is Low-Income in O.C., Orange County Reg. (May 3, 2017, updated Oct. 30, 2018), https://www.ocregister.com/2017/05/03/84000-a-year-now-qualifies-as-low-income-in-high-cost-orange-county/.Google Scholar
Corless, Damian, When a Wife Was Her Man’s Chattel, Independent, Jan. 4, 2015.Google Scholar
Coster, Helen, Are Pregnant Women’s Rights at Risk?, Marie Claire (May 30, 2012), http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/news/bei-bei-shuai-pregnant-suicide-attempt.Google Scholar
Crane-Murdoch, Sierra, On Indian Land, Criminals Can Get Away with Almost Anything, Atlantic, Feb. 22, 2013.Google Scholar
Crouse, Julia, Initiative Seeking to Keep Inmates, Children Together, Chapel Hill Herald, Jan. 16, 2008.Google Scholar
Culp-Ressler, Tara, In the Past 3 Years, We’ve Enacted More Abortion Restrictions Than During the Entire Previous Decade, ThinkProgress, Jan. 2, 2014.Google Scholar
Davidson, Curt, Emelle, Alabama: Home of the Nation’s Largest Hazardous Waste Landfill, http://www.umich.edu/~snre492/Jones/emelle.htm.Google Scholar
DelReal, Jose A. & Johnson, Jenna, Trump, Threatening Nearly a Dozen Sexual Assault Accusers, Vows to Sue, Wash. Post, Oct. 22, 2016.Google Scholar
Depres, Esme, U.S. Abortion Rights Fights, Bloomberg News, July 7, 2016.Google Scholar
DeVega, Chauncey, Born of Slavery, the Electoral College Could Stand Against Racism in 2016 – And Stop Donald Trump, Salon, Dec. 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Dickerson, John, Arpaio’s Jail Staff Cost Ambrett Spencer Her Baby, and She’s Not the Only One, Phoenix New Times, Oct. 30, 2008.Google Scholar
Domonoske, Camila & Overland, Martha Ann, Across the Country, Crowds March in Protest Against Trump’s Victory, NPR, Nov. 9, 2016.Google Scholar
Donald Trump’s Long Record of Degrading Women, N.Y. Times, Oct. 8, 2016.Google Scholar
Drummond, Tammerlin, Mothers in Prison, Time, Oct. 29, 2000.Google Scholar
Eckholm, Erik, Case Explores Rights of Fetus Versus Mother, N.Y. Times, Oct. 24, 2013.Google Scholar
Eckholm, Erik, Voters in Mississippi to Weigh Amendment on Conception as the Start of Life, N.Y. Times, Oct. 26, 2011.Google Scholar
Editorial, Time to End the Electoral College, N.Y. Times, Dec. 19, 2016.Google Scholar
Editorial, Fitful Progress in the Antismoking Wars, N.Y. Times, Jan. 9, 2014.Google Scholar
Einhorn, Bruce, Suicide: China’s Great Wall of Silence, Bloomberg, Nov. 1, 2004.Google Scholar
Elstein, Aaron, Not-So-Fine Moments in Accounting History, Wall St. J. Online (last updated Jan. 23,2002, 12:01 AM), http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1011734437826162440.html.Google Scholar
Ertelt, Steven, Texas Law Banning Abortions After 20 Weeks Still Intact Despite Supreme Court Decision, LifeNews.com, June 27, 2016.Google Scholar
Europe’s Deadly Cold Snap Maintains Grip, BBC News, Dec. 3, 2010.Google Scholar
Ex-Nantucket Man Gets Year in Jail for Raping Child, WCVB, Sept. 21, 2016.Google Scholar
Fahrenthold, David A., Trump Recorded Having Extremely Lewd Conversation About Women in 2005, Wash. Post, Oct. 8, 2016.Google Scholar
Farber, Madeline, Why White Women Voted for Donald Trump, Fortune (Nov. 30, 2016), https://fortune.com/2016/11/30/why-white-women-voted-trump/.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Manny, Abortion Restrictions Become Law in Texas, but Opponents Will Press Fight, N.Y. Times, July 18, 2013.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Manny, Texas Woman Is Taken Off Life Support After Order, N.Y. Times, Jan. 26, 2014.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Manny & Eckholm, Erik, Court Upholds Texas Limits on Abortions, N.Y. Times, June 9, 2015.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Manny & Eckholm, Erik, Pregnant, and Forced to Stay on Life Support, N.Y. Times, Jan. 8, 2014.Google Scholar
Fessler, Pam, Report: Foster Kids Face Tough Times After Age 18, NPR (Apr. 7, 2010, 12:01 AM), http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=125594259.Google Scholar
Fewer Abortion Clinics in Texas, N.Y. Times, June 10, 2015.Google Scholar
Fingerhut, Hannah, On Abortion, Persistent Divides Between – and Within – the Two Parties, Pew Res. Ctr., Apr. 8, 2016.Google Scholar
Finkelman, Paul, Original Sin: The Electoral College as a Pro-Slavery Tool, L.A. Rev. of Books, Dec. 19, 2016.Google Scholar
FitzGerald, Susan, “Crack Baby” Study Ends with Unexpected but Clear Result, Phila. Inquirer, July 22, 2013.Google Scholar
Flegenheimer, Matt & Haberman, Maggie, Donald Trump, Abortion Foe, Eyes “Punishment” for Women, Then Recants, N.Y. Times, Mar. 30, 2016.Google Scholar
Florida Officer Resigns Months After Handcuffed Woman at Hospital Dies, CBS News, June 1, 2016.Google Scholar
French, Howard W., Single Mothers in China Force a Difficult Path, N.Y. Times, Apr. 6, 2008.Google Scholar
Frieden, Terry, Study Finds Nearly 1 in 10 State Prisoners is Sexually Abused While Incarcerated, CNN, May 17, 2012.Google Scholar
Friedersdorf, C., Working Mom Arrested for Letting Her 9-Year-Old Play Alone at Park, Atlantic (July 15, 2014), http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/07/arrested-for-letting-a-9-year-old-play-at-the-park-alone/374436.Google Scholar
Friedman, Emily, U.S. Hospitals and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Hosps. & Health Networks Daily (June 3, 2014), http://www.hhnmag.com/articles/4179-u-s-hospitals-and-the-civil-rights-act-of-1964.Google Scholar
Gaston, E., Conway Homicide Case Sets Precedent, Sun News, May 18, 2001, at A1.Google Scholar
Georgia’s “Defender of Life, Georgia Right To Life, http://www.grtl.org/?q=node/174.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Joseph, U.S. Soldiers Told to Ignore Sexual Abuse of Boys by Afghan Allies, N.Y. Times (Sep. 20, 2015), https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/world/asia/us-soldiers-told-to-ignore-afghan-allies-abuse-of-boys.html.Google Scholar
Goodman, Ellen, Just How Far Can the State Go in Protecting an “Unborn” Child?, Bos. Globe, Sept. 10, 2000, at F7.Google Scholar
Goodnough, Abby, Flint Weights Scope of Harm to Children Caused by Lead in Water, N.Y. Times, Jan. 29, 2016.Google Scholar
Governor Cuomo Signs Legislation Ending Child Marriage in New York, N.Y. State (June 20, 2017).Google Scholar
Greene, Sharon, Regina McKnight Released from Prison, CarolinaLive.com, June 19, 2008.Google Scholar
Greenhouse, Steven, Capping the Cost of Atrocity: Survivor of Nazi Experiments Says $8,000 Isn’t Enough, N.Y. Times, Nov. 19, 2003.Google Scholar
Greenwood, Arin, “One Strike” Public Housing Policy Hits Virginia Woman Who Needs Kidney Transplant, Huffington Post, Dec. 22, 2011.Google Scholar
Grimaldi, Christine, Trump Unveils “Vicious” Women’s Health Restrictions During “Women’s Health Week, Rewire News, May 18, 2017.Google Scholar
Hallett, Stephanie, 8 Stories That Show What Abortion Was Like Before Roe v. Wade, Ms. Magazine Blog, Jan. 19, 2016.Google Scholar
Hauser, Christine, Recordings Add Detail in Death of Woman Forced from Florida Hospital, N.Y. Times, Jan. 7, 2016.Google Scholar
Hart, Carl, The Real Opioid Emergency, N.Y. Times (Aug. 18, 2017), https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/18/opinion/sunday/opioids-drugs-race-treatment.html.Google Scholar
Hartley-Parkinson, Richard, Two Rapists Jailed for Just 40 Months Each Because a Judge Said Their 11-Year-Old Victim Was “Willing, Daily Mail, Feb. 22, 2012.Google Scholar
Hauser, Christine, Judge’s Sentencing in Massachusetts Sexual Assault Case Reignites Debate on Privilege, N.Y. Times, Aug. 24, 2016.Google Scholar
Hauslohner, Abigail, Kabul, Afghanistan: When Women Set Themselves on Fire, Time, July 7, 2010.Google Scholar
Hawkins, Derek, Tennessee Judge, Under Fire, Pulls Offer to Trade Shorter Jail Sentences for Vasectomies, Wash. Post (Jul. 28, 2017), https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/07/28/tennessee-judge-under-fire-pulls-offer-to-trade-shorter-jail-sentences-for-vasectomies/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.c4782cfa4d21.Google Scholar
Hayes, Kevin, Did Christine Taylor Take Abortion into Her Own Hands?, CBS News, Mar. 2, 2010.Google Scholar
Henderson, N.M., Debra Harrell Back on Her Job at McDonald, Lawyer Says, Wash. Post, July 24, 2014.Google Scholar
Herbert, Bob, Poor Black and Dumped On, N.Y. Times, Oct. 5, 2006.Google Scholar
Hill, Lee, Teens, Sex and the Law: Genarlow Wilson, NPR, June 12, 2007.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Jan, When Men Hit Women, N.Y. Times Magazine, Feb. 16, 1992.Google Scholar
Holley, Peter, Judge Admits His Decision in Domestic-Abuse Case had “the Most Tragic Result Possible, Wash. Post, Oct. 20, 2016.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Ellen, Childhood’s End: What Life Is Like for Crack Babies, Rolling Stone, Oct. 18, 1990.Google Scholar
Huie, William Bradford, The Shocking Story of Approved Killing in Mississippi, Look Magazine, Jan. 24, 1956.Google Scholar
Ingraham, Christopher, Toddlers Have Shot at Least 50 People This Year, Wash. Post, Oct. 20, 2016.Google Scholar
“I Was Scared”: Woman Accused of Killing her Unborn Baby by Drinking Rat Poison Speaks Out Ahead of Murder Trial as her Lawyer Insists it was a Suicide Attempt, Daily Mail Online, Apr. 25, 2013.Google Scholar
Izadi, Elahe, Denied an Abortion, 11-Year-Old Rape Victim in Paraguay Gives Birth, Wash. Post (Aug. 14, 2015) https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/08/14/denied-an-abortion-11-year-old-rape-victim-in-paraguay-gives-birth.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Ben, Siddiqui, Sabrina & Bixby, Scott, “You Can Do Anything”: Trump Brags on Tape About Using Fame to Get Women, Guardian, Oct. 8, 2016.Google Scholar
Jackson, Janine, The Myth of the “Crack Baby,” Despite Research, Media Won’t Give Up Idea of “Bio-Underclass, Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting, Sept. 1, 1998.Google Scholar
James, Susan Donaldson, Pregnant Woman Fights Court-Ordered Best Rest, ABC News (Jan. 14, 2010), http://abcnews.go.com/Health/florida-court-orders-pregnant-woman-bed-rest-medical/story?id=9561460.Google Scholar
Johnson, Corey G., Female Prison Inmates Sterilized Illegally, California Audit Confirms, Center for Investigative Reporting, Reveal News (Jun. 19, 2014), https://www.revealnews.org/article/female-prison-inmates-sterilized-illegally-california-audit-confirms/.Google Scholar
Kay, Jane & Katz, Cheryl, Pollution, Poverty, People of Color: The Factory on the Hill, Envtl. Health News, June 4, 2012.Google Scholar
Kelkar, Kamala, Electoral College is “Vestige” of Slavery, Say Some Constitutional Scholars, PBS, Nov. 6, 2016.Google Scholar
Kenney, Kara, Inmates Sleeping on Floor at Marion County Jail, RTV6, TheIndyChannel (Oct. 17, 2017), https://www.theindychannel.com/news/call-6-investigators/inmates-sleeping-on-floor-at-marion-county-jail.Google Scholar
Kerby, Sophia, The Top 10 Most Startling Facts About People of Color and Criminal Justice in the United States, Ctr. for Am. Progress, Mar. 13, 2012.Google Scholar
Koh, Elizabeth, He Was Charged with Two Rapes and Spent One Day in Jail, Charlotte Observer, June 27, 2016.Google Scholar
Kolata, Gina, Bias Seen Against Pregnant Addicts, N.Y. Times, July 20, 1990.Google Scholar
Krauthammer, Charles, Worse Than “Brave New World”: Newborns Permanently Damaged by Cocaine, Phila. Inquirer, Aug. 1, 1989.Google Scholar
Krieg, Gregory, It’s Official: Clinton Swamps Trump in Popular Vote, CNN, Dec. 22, 2016.Google Scholar
Kristof, Nicholas, 11 Years Old, A Mom, and Forced to Marry Her Rapist, N.Y. Times, May 26, 2017.Google Scholar
Kristof, Nicholas, Women as a Force for Change, N.Y. Times, July 31, 2013.Google Scholar
Kristof, Nicholas, Women’s Rights: Why Not?, N.Y. Times (June 18, 2002), http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/opinion/women-s-rights-why-not.html.Google Scholar
Kulczyk, Georgie, Blake Receives Suspended Sentence for Sex Crime, Glasgow Courier, Oct. 12, 2016.Google Scholar
Kurtzleben, Danielle, 1 More Woman Accuses Trump of Inappropriate Sexual Conduct. Here’s the Full List, NPR, Oct. 20, 2016.Google Scholar
Lacayo, Richard, Down on the Downtrodden, Time, Dec. 18, 1994.Google Scholar
La Ganga, Maria L., Most Abortion Clinics in Texas Will Be Forced to Close Under Court Ruling, L.A. Times (Oct. 2, 2014, 9:38 PM), http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-texas-abortion-20141002-story.html.Google Scholar
Law, Victoria, How Many Women Are in Prison for Defending Themselves Against Domestic Violence, Bitch Media, Sept. 16, 2014.Google Scholar
Law, Victoria, “You Go Through it Alone”: New Bill Would Keep Incarcerated Pregnant Women from Being Put in Medical Isolation, Rewire News, Mar. 22, 2019.Google Scholar
Le Coz, Emily, Mississippi Stillborn Manslaughter Charge Raising Fears, USA Today, May 29, 2013.Google Scholar
Lee, Jacqueline, Woman Testifies Against Former Stanford All-Star Swimmer Accused of Sexually Assaulting Her, Mercury News, Mar. 18, 2016.Google Scholar
Levin, Sam, No Prison for Colorado College Student Who “Raped a Helpless Young Woman, Guardian, Aug. 10, 2016.Google Scholar
Levin, Sam, Stanford Sexual Assault: Read the Full Text of the Judge’s Controversial Decision, Guardian, June 14, 2016.Google Scholar
Lilliston, Lynn, Abortion Coalition Fighting for Right to Decide, L.A. Times, June 19, 1974.Google Scholar
Liptak, Adam, Prisons Often Shackle Pregnant Inmates in Labor, N.Y. Times, Mar. 2, 2006.Google Scholar
Liss-Schultz, Nina, A Judge Struck Down the “Cocaine Mom” Law That Put Pregnant Women in Jail, Mother Jones (May 1, 2017), https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/05/tamara-loertscher-unborn-child-protection-wisconsin-pregnant-jail/3/.Google Scholar
Lopez, Elwyn, Raped 11-Year-Old Stirs an Abortion Debate in Chile, CNN News, July 11, 2013.Google Scholar
Love, Lindsay, A Dangerous Initiative: “Personhood” Measure Being Pushed in Montana, Women Are Watching Blog (June 5, 2012), http://www.womenarewatching.org/article/a-dangerous-initiative-personhood-measure-being-pushed-in-montana.Google Scholar
Luck, Melissa, Born Behind Bars: Inmates Raising Children in Prison, KXLY, Sept. 9, 2011.Google Scholar
Madera, Melissa, 6 Women Share Their Harrowing Stories of Illegal Abortion Before Roe v. Wade, Vice News (Jan. 22, 2018, 11:23 AM), https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/43qm5d/6-women-share-their-harrowing-stories-of-illegal-abortion-before-roe-v-wade.Google Scholar
Martin, Nina, Black Mothers Keep Dying After Giving Birth: Shalon Irving’s Story Explains Why, NPR, Dec. 7, 2017.Google Scholar
Martin, Nina, The State That Turns Pregnant Women into Felons, Alternet (Sept. 23, 2015), https://www.alternet.org/drugs/when-womb-crime-scene.Google Scholar
Mayer, Jane, Documenting Trump’s Abuse of Women, New Yorker, Oct. 24, 2016.Google Scholar
Mazelis, Joan Maya, Punishing the Poor Isn’t Just Bad Policy, It’s Wasting Taxpayer Money, The Hill, Feb. 20, 2018.Google Scholar
McDonald, S.N., Shanesha Taylor, Arrested for Leaving Children in Car During Job Interview, Speaks, Wash. Post (June 23, 2014), http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/06/23/shanesha-taylor-arrested-for-leaving-children-in-car-during-job-interview-speaks/.Google Scholar
McMahon, Colin, Race Kept Cry for Help from Being Heard, Some in Milwaukee Say, Chi. Trib., July 28, 1991.Google Scholar
Mehta, Sarah, There’s Only One Country That Hasn’t Ratified the Convention on Children’s Rights: U.S., ACLU (Nov. 20, 2015, 1:30 PM), https://www.aclu.org/blog/human-rights/treaty-ratification/theres-only-one-country-hasnt-ratified-convention-childrens.Google Scholar
Miller, Michael E., “A Steep Price to Pay for 20 Minutes of Action”: Dad Defends Stanford Sex Offender, Wash. Post, June 6, 2016.Google Scholar
Mills, Shamane, Opponents of Wisconsin’s “Cocaine Mom” Law Continue Fight, Wis. Pub. Radio (Aug. 1, 2018), https://www.wpr.org/opponents-wisconsins-cocaine-mom-law-continue-fight.Google Scholar
Myers, Steven Lee, A Paradox for Helms on an Abortion Issue, N.Y. Times (Aug. 1, 1997), http://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/01/us/a-paradox-for-helms-on-an-abortion-issue.html.Google Scholar
Neil, Martha, Pregnant Pro Se Mom Argued Treatment Case from Hospital Bed & Lost; Will Lawyer Win Appeal?, ABA J,. Jan. 26, 2010.Google Scholar
Nelson, Paula, Raised Behind Bars, Bos. Globe, Dec. 14, 2012.Google Scholar
Netburn, Deborah, After Texas Stopped Funding Planned Parenthood, Low-Income Women Had More Babies, L.A. Times, Feb. 3, 2016.Google Scholar
Newman, Susan, Mothers with One Child Are Happiest, Psychol. Today, Feb. 5, 2010.Google Scholar
Nichols, Bryan, Burlington Woman Will Not Be Charged with Feticide, Radio Iowa, Feb. 10, 2010.Google Scholar
Nositer, Adam, In Alabama, a Crackdown on Pregnant Drug Users, N.Y. Times, Mar. 15, 2008.Google Scholar
Novack, Sophie, Texas’ Maternal Mortality Rate: Worst in Developed World, Shrugged Off by Lawmakers, Tex. Observer, June 5, 2017.Google Scholar
Ogletree, Charles J. Jr., Opinion, Condemned to Die Because He’s Black, N.Y. Times, July 31, 2013.Google Scholar
Page, Clarence, College Loans Are Casualties in Drug War, Chi. Trib., Apr. 29, 2001.Google Scholar
Paquette, Danielle, Why Pregnant Women in Mississippi Keep Dying, Wash. Post: Wonkblog, Apr. 24, 2015.Google Scholar
Parker, Suzi, Arkansas Senate Passes “Fetal Heartbeat” Law to Ban Most Abortions, Reuters, Jan. 31,2013.Google Scholar
Pear, Robert, Birth Control Mandate to Apply to Self-Insuring Religious Groups, N.Y. Times, Mar. 16, 2012, at A14.Google Scholar
Peterson, James Braxton, America’s Mass Incarceration System: Freedom’s Next Frontier, Reuters: The Great Debate, July 24, 2015.Google Scholar
Peterson, Zack, Former Hamilton County Bus Driver Won’t Serve Jail Time After Pleading Guilty to Raping Student, Times Free Press, July 22, 2016.Google Scholar
Pickler Memorial Library, Harry H. Laughlin Papers, Truman State Univ., http://library.truman.edu/manuscripts/laughlinindex.asp.Google Scholar
Pieklo, Jessica Mason, Murder Charges Dismissed in Mississippi Stillbirth Case, Rewire News (Apr. 4, 2014), https://rewire.news/article/2014/04/04/murder-charges-dismissed-mississippi-stillbirth-case/.Google Scholar
Pieklo, Jessica Mason, Pregnant Wisconsin Woman Jailed Under State’s “Personhood”-Like Law, Rewire News (Dec. 12, 2014), https://rewire.news/article/2014/12/12/pregnant-wisconsin-woman-jailed-states-personhood-like-law/.Google Scholar
Pilane, Pontshoe, Loophole Could Protect South African Organisations from US Gag Rule on Abortions, Bhekisisa, Nov. 16, 2017.Google Scholar
Pilgrim, David, What Was Jim Crow?, Ferris State Univ. (last edited 2012), http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm.Google Scholar
Pilkington, Ed, Alone in Alabama: Dispatches from an Inmate Jailed for Her Son’s Stillbirth, Guardian (Oct. 7, 2015), https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/oct/07/alabama-chemical-endangerment-pregnancy-amanda-kimbrough.Google Scholar
Pilkington, Ed, Indiana Prosecuting Chinese Woman for Suicide Attempt That Killed Her Foetus, Guardian, May 30, 2012.Google Scholar
Pill, Anthony Comstock’s “Chastity” Laws, PBS, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/peopleevents/e_comstock.html.Google Scholar
Pollitt, Katha, The Story Behind the Maternal Mortality Rate in Texas Is Even Sadder than We Realize, Nation, Sept. 8, 2016.Google Scholar
Porter, Bekah, Dubuquer Gives Birth Alone in Jail Cell, Telegraph Herald, May 15, 2009.Google Scholar
Quackenbush, Casey, The Impact of President’s Trump’s “Global Gag Rule” on Women’s Health Is Becoming Clear, Time (Feb. 1, 2018, updated Feb. 4, 2018).Google Scholar
Race Tilts the Scales of Justice. Study: Dallas Punishes Attacks on Whites More Harshly, Dallas Times Herald, Aug. 19, 1990.Google Scholar
Ravitz, Jessica, Maternal Deaths Fall Across Globe but Rise in US, Doubling in Texas, CNN, Apr. 17, 2018.Google Scholar
Ravitz, Jessica, Two States Passed Abortion Amendments to Their Constitutions in The Midterm: What Does That Mean, CNN (Nov. 7, 2018, 5:25PM), https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/07/health/abortion-ballot-measures-amendments/index.html.Google Scholar
Re, Richard M., The New Supreme Court and the Jurisprudence in Exile, PrawfsBlawg, Feb. 17, 2016.Google Scholar
Reagan, Mark, HB2 Increasing Wait Times for Women Seeking Abortion Services, San Antonio Current, Oct. 6 2015.Google Scholar
Resnick, Sofia, Texas Proposed Law Could Jail Women for Taking Drugs During Pregnancy, Am. Indep. (Feb. 24, 2011, 3:30 PM), http://www.americanindependent.com/171004/texas-proposed-law-could-jail-women-for-taking-drugs-during-pregnancy.Google Scholar
Richardson, Robin Y., Marion County Inmates Sue over Jail Conditions, Longview News Journal (Oct. 1, 2016), https://www.news-journal.com/news/police/marion-county-inmates-sue-over-jail-conditions/article_8ead079c-60dc-5670-9e9b-bce899224238.html.Google Scholar
Ritchie, Carrie, Murder Charge Raises Women’s Rights Questions, USA Today (Jan. 6, 2013, 12:18 AM), www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/01/05/infants-death-raises-womens-rights-questions/1566070/.Google Scholar
Rivas, Jorge, California Prisons Caught Sterilizing Female Inmates Without Approval, ABC News (Jul. 8, 2013), https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/doctors-california-prisons-sterilized-female-inmates-authorizations/story?id=19610110.Google Scholar
Rizzo, Jessica, Native American Women Are Rape Targets Because of a Legislative Loophole, Vice News, Dec. 15, 2015.Google Scholar
Roberts, Dan & McVeigh, Karen, Eric Holder Unveils New Reforms Aimed at Curbing US Prison Population, Guardian, Aug. 12, 2013.Google Scholar
Robertson, Campbell, South Carolina Judge Vacates Conviction of George Stinney in 1944 Execution, N.Y. Times, Dec. 17, 2014.Google Scholar
Rogin, Josh, Who Killed the Bill to Prevent Forced Marriages?, Wash. Post, Dec. 22, 2010.Google Scholar
Rood, Lee, “I Never Said I Didn’t Want My Baby”: Mom Won’t Be Prosecuted, Des Moines Reg., Feb. 10, 2010.Google Scholar
Rovner, Julie, Abortion Foes Push to Redefine Personhood, Nat’l Pub. Radio (June 1, 2011) http://www.npr.org/2011/06/01/136850622/abortion-foes-push-to-redefine-personhood.Google Scholar
Rovner, Julie, Woman Who Tried to Commit Suicide While Pregnant Gets Bail, Nat’l Pub. Radio, May 18, 2012.Google Scholar
Rucker, Philip, Trump says Fox’s Megyn Kelly Had “Blood Coming out of Her Wherever, Wash. Post, Aug. 8, 2015.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Ray & Watts, Amanda, Montana Judge Defends 60-day Sentence in Child Incest Case, CNN, Oct. 25, 2016.Google Scholar
Saul, Heather, Afghan Woman Raped, Impregnated and Jailed for “Adultery by Force” Marries Her Attacker, Independent (Apr. 8, 2015, 2:28 PM), https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/afghan-woman-raped-impregnated-and-jailed-for-adultery-by-force-marries-her-attacker-10162694.html.Google Scholar
Schneider, Keith, Minorities Join to Fight Polluting Neighborhoods, N.Y. Times, Oct. 25, 1991, at A20.Google Scholar
Schwab, Kyle, Women Who Accused Fired Cop Daniel Holtzclaw of Sexual Assault Are a Long Way from Resolving Lawsuits, NewsOK, Nov. 5, 2018.Google Scholar
Schwartz, John, Texas Senate Approves Strict Abortion Measure, N.Y. Times, July 13, 2013.Google Scholar
Senior, Jennifer, Review: Megyn Kelly Tells Tales out of Fox News in Her Memoir, “Settle for More,” N.Y. Times, Nov. 10, 2016.Google Scholar
Severson, Kim, Thousands Sterilized, a State Weighs Restitution, N.Y. Times, Dec. 9, 2011, at A1.Google Scholar
Share Our Wealth, Huey Long: The Man, His Mission, and Legacy, https://www.hueylong.com/programs/share-our-wealth.php.Google Scholar
Shea, Brie, Here Are All the Anti-Abortion Laws Going into Effect Next Month, Rewire News (June 28, 2019), https://rewire.news/article/2019/06/28/here-are-all-the-anti-abortion-laws-going-into-effect-next-month/.Google Scholar
Sher, Andy, Tennessee Judge Ends Controversial Sentence Reduction Program for Inmates Choosing Birth Control, Times Free Press (Jul. 28, 2017), https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2017/jul/28/tennessee-judge-ends-sentence-reductiprogram/440713/.Google Scholar
Shirk, Martha, Domestic Violence Is a Leading Hazard for Women, St. Louis Post Dispatch, May 6, 1992, at 10A.Google Scholar
Silva, Daniella, Shackled and Pregnant: Wis. Case Challenges “Fetal Protection” Law, NBC News, Oct. 24, 2013.Google Scholar
Silver-Greenberg, Jessica & Kitroeff, Natalie, Miscarrying at Work: The Physical Toll of Pregnancy Discrimination, N.Y. Times, Oct. 21, 2018.Google Scholar
Silver-Greenberg, Jessica & Kitroeff, Natalie, Pregnancy Discrimination Is Rampant Inside America’s Biggest Companies, N.Y. Times, June 15, 2018.Google Scholar
Sklar, Rachel, Women Know Why Donald Trump’s Accusers Stayed Silent for So Long, Wash. Post, Oct. 18, 2016.Google Scholar
Smalley, Suzanne, Should Female Inmates Raise Their Babies in Prison?, Newsweek, May 13, 2009.Google Scholar
Smith, Chuck, The Case Against Jesse Helms, Wall St. J., Sept. 4, 2001.Google Scholar
Smith, Jordan, Updated: Senate Passes House Bill 2: Rejected Amendments, Dramatic Speeches, and Finally a Vote, Austin Chron., July 12, 2013.Google Scholar
Smith, Morgan et al., Abortion Bill Finally Bound for Perry’s Desk, Tex. Trib., July 13, 2013.Google Scholar
Solis, Maria, Here’s What the Trump Administration’s Proposed Title X Rule Would Do to Abortion Access in America, Newsweek, May 2, 2018.Google Scholar
Sommerville, Quentin, Woman Stoned to Death in North Afghanistan, Rawa News, Jan. 27, 2011.Google Scholar
Stack, Liam, Light Sentence for Brock Turner in Stanford Rape Case Draws Outrage, N.Y. Times, June 6, 2016.Google Scholar
Stallings, Erika, This Is How the American Healthcare System Is Failing Black Women, Oprah Mag., Oct. 2018.Google Scholar
Stanford University Ranks No. 1 on Forbes’ 9th Annual Ranking of America’s Top Colleges, Forbes, July 5, 2016.Google Scholar
Stein, Letitia, USF Obstetrician Threatens to Call Police if Patient Doesn’t Report for C-Section, Tampa Bay Times, Mar. 6, 2013.Google Scholar
Stingl, Jim, Cleveland Tried to Stop Dahmer from Killing, Milwaukee J. Sentinel, Jan. 4, 2011.Google Scholar
Stryker, Jeff, Cracking Down, Salon, July 10, 1998.Google Scholar
Tavernise, Sabrina, List of Smoking-Related Illnesses Grows Significantly in U.S. Report, N.Y. Times, Jan. 17, 2014.Google Scholar
Tennessee Sterilisations in Plea Deal for Women Evoke Dark Time in America, Guardian (Mar. 28, 2015), https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/mar/28/tennessee-forced-sterilizations-plea-deals-women.Google Scholar
Texas Releases Abortion Booklet with Debunked Cancer Link, Suicide Risk Claim, CBS News, Dec. 6, 2016.Google Scholar
Thomas, Chanda R., Why Is Genarlow Wilson in Prison?, Atlanta, Jan. 2006.Google Scholar
Tuck, Angela, Genarlow Wilson’s Journey from Prison to Morehouse, Atlanta J. Const., May 18, 2013.Google Scholar
Tuma, Mary, Roe’s End? Supreme Court Case Will Decide the Future of Abortion Access in the U.S., Austin Chron. (Jan. 29, 2016).Google Scholar
Tumulty, Karen, Trump’s History of Flippant Misogyny, Wash. Post, Aug. 8, 2015.Google Scholar
Ura, Alexa & McCullogh, Jolie, Once Again, the Texas Legislature Is Mostly White, Male, Middle-Aged, Tex. Trib., Jan. 9, 2017.Google Scholar
U.S. “Most Dangerous” Place to Give Birth in Developed World, USA Today Investigation Finds, CBS News, July 26, 2018.Google Scholar
Van Tassel, Priscilla, Schools Trying to Cope with “Crack Babies,” N.Y. Times, Jan. 5, 1992.Google Scholar
Villarosa, Linda, Why America’s Black Mothers and Babies Are in a Life-or-Death Crisis, N.Y. Times, Apr. 11, 2018.Google Scholar
Warnke, Melissa Batchelor, It Takes a Village to Raise a Misogynistic Monster like Donald Trump, L.A. Times, Oct. 8, 2016.Google Scholar
Wedge, Dave, Judge Confines Cult Mom to Secure Hospital, Bos. Herald, Sept. 1, 2000, available at 2000 WLNR 22748.Google Scholar
Weisberg, Jessica, This Woman’s Little-Known 1972 Case Could Have Reframed Abortion History, Elle Mag. (Oct. 21, 2014 ), https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a14816/susans-choice/.Google Scholar
Weiss, David, Court Delivers Controversy, Times Leader (Wilkes-Barre, PA), Jan. 16, 2004.Google Scholar
Weller, Sheila, How Author Timothy Tyson Found the Woman at the Center of the Emmett Till Case, Vanity Fair, Jan. 26, 2017.Google Scholar
Why It Matters, Women’s Prison Ass’n, http://www.wpaonline.org/about/why-it-matters.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, Tracy, El Salvador Jails Women for Miscarriages and Stillbirths, L.A. Times (Apr. 15, 2015), http://www.latimes.com/world/great-reads/la-fg-c1-el-salvador-women-20150415-story.html.Google Scholar
Wilson, Charles, Bei Bei Shuai Trial: Rat Poison Link to Newborn’s Death “Unreliable,” Judge Rules, Huffington Post, Jan. 23, 2013.Google Scholar
Wilson, Charles, Ind. Woman Rejects Plea Deal in Death of Newborn, CBS News, July 13, 2013.Google Scholar
Winerip, Michael, Revisiting the “Crack Babies” Epidemic That Was Not, N.Y. Times, May 20, 2013.Google Scholar
Wing, Nick, Final Popular Vote Total Shows Hillary Clinton Won Almost 3 Million More Ballots Than Donald Trump, Huffington Post, Dec. 20, 2016.Google Scholar
Witchel, Alex, At Home With: Norma McCorvey; Of Roe, Dreams and Choices, N.Y. Times, July 28, 1994, http://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/28/garden/at-home-with-norma-mccorvey-of-roe-dreams-and-choices.html.Google Scholar
Woods, Lisa, 9 Older Women Share Their Harrowing Back Alley Abortion Stories, Thought Catalog, Dec. 30, 2015.Google Scholar
Worthington, Rogers, Could Police Have Saved Young Victim? – 911 Tapes Show Officers Were in Dahmer’s Place, Left Teen to Fate, Seattle Times (June 3, 2017), http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19.Google Scholar
Wyler, Grace, Personhood Movement Continues to Divide Pro-Life Activists, Time (July 24, 2013), http://nation.time.com/2013/07/24/personhood-movement-continues-to-divide-pro-life-activists/.Google Scholar
Yeoman, Barry, Surgical Strike: Is a Group That Pays Addicts to Be Sterilized Defending Children or Exploiting the Vulnerable?, Mother Jones, Nov./Dec. 2001.Google Scholar
Young, Stephen, Texas Women Face Long Abortion Waits in HB2’s Wake, Dallas Observer, Oct. 6, 2015.Google Scholar
Yuhas, Alan, Woman Who Accused Donald Trump of Raping Her at 13 Drops Lawsuit, Guardian, Nov. 5, 2016.Google Scholar
Zielinski, Alex, The Growing List of Anti-Abortion Bills Texas Conservative Lawmakers Hope to Pass This Year, San Antonio Current (Jan. 25, 2017), https://www.sacurrent.com/the-daily/archives/2017/01/25/the-growing-list-of-anti-abortion-bills-texas-conservative-lawmakers-hope-to-pass-this-year.Google Scholar
Zielinski, Alex, The Stanford Rapist’s Father Offers an Impossibly Offensive Defense of His Son, ThinkProgress, June 5, 2016.Google Scholar
Zucchino, David, Sterilized by North Carolina, She Felt Raped Once More, L.A. Times (Jan. 25, 2012), http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/25/nation/la-na-forced-sterilization-20120126.Google Scholar
Background Paper, “From Prison to Home” Conference (Jan. 30–31, 2002), http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/410632_HHSConferenceBackground.pdf.Google Scholar
Goode, Keisha La’Nesha, Birthing, Blackness, and the Body: Black Midwives and Experiential Continuities of Institutional Racism (Oct. 1, 2014) (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, City University of New York) (on file with author).Google Scholar
Holder, Eric, Att’y Gen., U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Remarks at the Annual Meeting of the American Bar Association’s House of Delegates (Aug. 12, 2013), http://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-eric-holder-delivers-remarks-annual-meeting-american-bar-associations.Google Scholar
McLemore, Monica, 2019 Sadie T.M. Alexander Commemorative Symposium: What Could The Future of Reproductive Justice [Look] Like?, University of Pennsylvania Law School (Feb. 9, 2019).Google Scholar
Memorandum from President Barack Obama on Mex. City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning to the Sec’y of State and the Adm’r of the U.S. Agency for Int’l Dev., 74 Fed. Reg. 4903 (Jan. 28, 2009).Google Scholar
Memorandum from President Donald Trump on the Mex. City Policy to the Sec’y of State, the Sec’y of Health and Human Services, and the Adm’r of the U.S. Agency for Int’l Dev., 82 Fed. Reg. 8495 (Jan. 25, 2017).Google Scholar
Memorandum from President William J. Clinton on the Mex. City Policy to the Acting Adm’r of the U.S. Agency for Int’l Dev. (Jan. 22, 1993).Google Scholar
Nomination of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, to Be Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 103d Cong. 150 (1993).Google Scholar
Nourse, Victoria, History, Pragmatism, and the New Legal Realism (Nov. 2005) (on file with the author).Google Scholar
Obama, Barack, President, Remarks at the NAACP Conference (July 14, 2015).Google Scholar
Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office, Press Release, Victim Impact Statement (June 2, 2016).Google Scholar
Transcript of Oral Argument, Ferguson v. City of Charleston, 532 U.S. 67 (2001) (No. 99-936).Google Scholar
United States of America, Policy Statement, at the United Nations International Conference on Population, 2d Sess., Mexico City (Aug. 6–14, 1984), reprinted in 10 Pop. & Dev. Rev. 574 (1984).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×