This chapter sketches a potential architecture of global federal government, framing it as the end-goal of a century-long, incremental process of reforms and innovations in governance. Humankind, in this scenario, will be strongly motivated to undertake these innovations because of escalating dangers and crises that can only be handled effectively through stronger forms of global cooperation and coordination. The key challenges here are: revamping the UN Security Council so it more accurately reflects the realities of global economic and military power; replacing the Security Council veto system with a new principle of weighted voting in all UN institutions, so that key policies can be implemented effectively; creating a world constitution to lay out the basic rules and principles through which the system will operate, as well as a world court to adjudicate disputes among the players; and establishing a UN Office for Emerging Technologies, a more dynamic WHO, and a dedicated UN Office for Climate Change Mitigation.