The six empirical patterns painted in Chapter 6 capture basic features of global human genomic variation. In truth, there are seven such patterns. However, the seventh pattern – natural selection – is so complex and interesting that it merits a longer investigation. In human evolutionary genomics, findings about natural selection emerge, as in the preceding six empirical patterns, primarily from analyses of contemporary, global, and populational genomic variation, even if the genomic investigation of remnants of ancient Homo sapiens and of archaic hominins is also increasingly relevant. Although all patterns provide evidence that our species is much closer to Planet Unity than to Galápagos-Writ-Large (see Figure 4.1), relative to the other six patterns, the signatures of natural selection provide far more, and perhaps clearer, evidence for some Galápagos-Writ-Large in our genomes. This is one reason why natural selection has served as the speculative vehicle for some interlocutors to rashly posit that unique selection regimes in local environments are responsible for racial differentiation, not to say racial adaptation.