In Ralph Ellison's essays and interviews, the artist is a figure of rebellion. Whether writing generally of the role and responsibilities of the contemporary American novelist or, more specifically, of his own achievements, Ellison describes the artist always in opposition to the restraints of received literary convention. In “Brave Words for a Startling Occasion,” his acceptance speech for the 1953 National Book Award, he identifies some of the restrictions that limit modern American fiction. For him, neither the “tight, well-made Jamesian novel” nor the “hard-boiled novel” can contain the complexity of American life. He writes:

In response to these constraints, he suggests that the contemporary novelist assume an adversarial posture; he or she must “challenge the apparent forms of reality – that is, the fixed manners and values of the few, and … struggle with it until it reveals its mad, vari-implicated chaos, its false faces, and … until it surrenders its insight, its truth” (SA, 106).