It is hard to think of the modern world without Protestantism and conversely modernity is very much bound up with the Protestant phenomenon. The Bible became fuel for private piety. As for being a witness to the word of God shaping world history, it was only through the public outworking of those private visions that the Bible would have any impact on the wider world. Core Pietism's Biblicism avoided the esoteric and the harsh extremes of the previous century's confessions. In mid-nineteenth century Strasbourg, as evidenced by the biblical theology of Édouard Reuss, a thinking Pietism had helped make space for a counter-attack against the Tübingen School. Around 1920 a coalition of fundamentalists was held together by a common pre-millennial hope which encouraged an anti-social gospel stance, a secularised form of post-millennialism with British sympathisers following the American lead.