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11 - The Problem of Western Knowledge in Late Tokugawa Japan

from PART II - Economy, Environment, and Technology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2024

By
Hansun Hsiung
Edited by
David L. Howell
David L. Howell
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

The acquisition of “Western knowledge” in late Tokugawa Japan, particularly in fields of science, technology, and medicine, has functioned as a central resource not only in modernization narratives but in the legitimization of imperial geographies that situate Japan as Asia’s rightful hegemon. This chapter brings together emerging research that decenters and pluralizes existing understandings of “Western knowledge,” placing “Western knowledge” instead within broader flows of global modernity. Specifically, by examining how a “transimperial educational commons” rendered diverse new texts and resources available to late Tokugawa scholars, this chapter argues that “Western knowledge” was in fact the product of networks of mediation across South, Southeast, and East Asia. Particular sites considered include circulation and brokerage through Dutch Indonesia and Qing China. The sum of these studies indicates that the problem of late Tokugawa engagements with Western knowledge can only be solved by examining sites both beyond the West and beyond Japan.

Keywords

Western knowledgeglobal historyhistory of the bookcirculationSugita GenpakuDutch learningrangakuFukuzawa YukichitextbooksChinese learning
Type
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The New Cambridge History of Japan , pp. 363 - 396
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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