Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511544873.035

34 - Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

from Part VI - Other Dementias

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010

M. Flint Beal ,

Anthony E. Lang and

Albert C. Ludolph

Adam L. Boxer ,

John Q. Trojanowski ,

Virginia M.-Y. Lee and

Bruce L. Miller

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M. Flint Beal: Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Anthony E. Lang: Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Albert C. Ludolph: Affiliation:
Universität Ulm, Germany
Adam L. Boxer: Affiliation:
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
John Q. Trojanowski: Affiliation:
Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Virginia M.-Y. Lee: Affiliation:
Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Bruce L. Miller: Affiliation:
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

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Summary

Introduction

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration, formerly called Pick's disease, is a progressive dementia that is associated with focal atrophy of the frontal and/or temporal lobes. For over 100 years, the key clinical and pathological feature of this disease has been recognized to be focal, often asymmetric cortical involvement. Histopathologically, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is distinct from Alzheimer's disease but heterogeneous, even among similar clinical syndromes. Recently, with the advent of specialized immunohistochemical stains and insights gained from molecular genetics, it has been recognized that FTLD is closely related to, and sometimes overlaps with three other neurodegenerative diseases: corticobasal ganglionic degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and motor neuron disease (MND). The central role of the microtubule-associated protein, tau, in the pathogenesis of FTLD, has led to classification as a “tauopathy.”

First description and history of FTLD

The first case of what is now called frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) was described by Arnold Pick in 1892 (Pick, 1892). His subsequent description of six similar patients emphasized a language impairment, which he termed “amnestic aphasia,” and a focal pattern of brain atrophy involving the temporal and/or frontal lobes. A lack of senile plaques and tangles in the brains of similar patients was noted by Alzheimer in 1911. He and Altman provided the first histopathological description of argyrophilic inclusions (later termed Pick bodies) and swollen achromatic cells (later termed Pick cells) (Altman, 1923).

Type: Chapter
Information: Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurobiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics
, pp. 481 - 493

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544873.035 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2005

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