The Introduction provides a historical as well as theoretical and practical contexts for a new theory of talent development and human excellence. The nature–nurture controversy has lingered for more than a century, likely due to both inherent pro-nature and pro-nurture biases and research paradigms inherently favoring one over the other. The author of this book takes an alternative, nonreductionistic approach, focusing on developmental possibilities as well as constraints for talent achievement, treating developing persons as a source of developmental agency, capable of self-engendered changes and self-organization toward long-term goals, albeit with many hurdles to overcome and many challenges to meet. It provides an overview of the book and specifies three targeted groups of readers who may benefit from this book in their own ways.