Abramowitz, A. (2017). “Taking Polarization to a New Level: Racial Resentment, Negative Partisanship and the Triumph of Trump.” Presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. San Francisco, CA.Google Scholar

Ackerman, B. (1998). We the People: Transformations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Alberoni, F. (1984). Movement and Institution. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Aldrich, J. H. (1995). Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Party Politics in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Ali, O. H. (2010). In the Lion’s Mouth: Black Populism in the New South, 1886–1900. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Almeida, P. (2010). “Social Movement Partyism: Collective Action and Oppositional Political Parties in Latin America.” In Van Dyke, N. and McCammon, H. J. (eds.). Strategic Alliances: Coalition Building and Social Movements. Minneapolis and St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press, ch. 8.Google Scholar

Almeida, P., and Van Dyke, N. (2014). “Social Movement Partyism and the Tea Party’s Rapid Mobilization.” In Van Dyke, N. and Meyer, David S. (eds.). Understanding the Tea Party Movement. Burlington VT: Routledge, ch. 3.Google Scholar

Altman, D. , and Castiglioni, R (2018). “Chile: el fin de una época politica.” In M. Alcántara, D. Buquet, and M. L. Tagin (eds.). Elecciones y partidos en América Latina en el cambio de ciclo. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, pp. 105–27.Google Scholar

Altschuler, G. C., and Blumin, S. M. (2000). Rude Republic: Americans and Their Politics in the Nineteenth Century. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Altschuler, G. C., and Blumin, S. M. (2009). The GI Bill: A New Deal for Veterans. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Amenta, E. (2005). “Political Contexts, Challenger Strategies, and Mobilization: Explaining the Impact of the Townsend Plan.” In Meyer, D., Jenness, V., and Ingram, H. (eds.). Routing the Opposition: Social Movements, Public Policy and Democracy. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, ch. 1.Google Scholar

Amenta, E. (2006). When Movements Matter: The Townsend Plan and the Rise of Social Security. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Amenta, E. , et al. (1994). “Stolen Thunder: Huey Long’s ‘Share Our Wealth.’ Political Mediation and the Second New Deal.” American Sociological Review 59: 678–702.Google Scholar

Amenta, E., et al. (1999). “The Strategies and Contexts of Social Protest: Political Mediation and the Impact of the Townsend Movement in California.” Mobilization 4: 1–24.Google Scholar

Anbinder, T. (1992). Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know-Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Andersen, K. (1996). After Suffrage: Women in Partisan and Electoral Politics before the New Deal. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Andrews, K. T. (1997). “The Impacts of Social Movements on the Political Process: A Study of the Civil Rights Movement and Black Electoral Politics in Mississippi.” American Sociological Review 62: 800–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andrews, K. T, (2002). “Movement-Countermovement Dynamics and the Emergence of New Institutions: The Case of ‘White Flight’ Schools in Mississippi.” Social Forces 80: 911–36.Google Scholar

Andrews, K. T., and Biggs, M. (2006). “The Dynamics of Protest Diffusion: Movement Organizations, Social Networks, and News Media in the 1960 Sit-Ins.” American Sociological Review 71: 752–77.Google Scholar

Andrews, K. T., and Gaby, S. (2015). “Protest Episodes: Shifting Actors and Targets in Local Movements.” In Jasper, J and King, B. (eds.). Protesters and Their Targets. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, ch. 5.Google Scholar

Andrews, K. T., and Jowers, K. (2018). “Lawyers and Embedded Legal Activity in the Southern Civil Rights Movement.” Law and Policy 18: 10–32.Google Scholar

Anria, S. (2019). When Movements Become Parties: the Bolivian MAS in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Arendt, H. (1966). The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.Google Scholar

Aytac, S. E. and Stokes, S. C. (2019). Why Bother? Rethinking Participation in Elections and Protests. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Azari, J. (September 2018). “Weak Parties, Strong Partisanship.” Presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, MA.Google Scholar

Bailey, M. A., Mummolo, J., and Noel, H.. (2012). “Tea Party Influence: A Story of Activists and Elites.” American Politics Research 40: 769–804.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Balogh, B. (2009). A Government Out of Sight: The Mystery of National Authority in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bateman, D. A. (2018). Disenfranchising Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bawn, K., et al. (2012). “A Theory of Political Parties: Groups, Policy Demands and Nominations in American Politics.” Perspectives on Politics 10: 571–97.Google Scholar

Beckwith, K. (2003). “The Gendering Ways of States: Women’s Representation and State Reconfiguration in France, Great Britain, and the United States.” In Banaszak, L. A., Beckwith, K., and Rucht, D. (eds.). Women’s Movements Facing the Reconfigured State. New York: Cambridge University Press: 169–202.Google Scholar

Beckwith, K. (2008). “Conclusion: Between Participation and Representation.” In Wolbrecht, C., Beckwith, K., and Baldez, L. (eds.). Political Women and American Democracy. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ch. 12.Google Scholar

Ben-Ghiat, R. (2020). Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar

Bennett, W. L., Givens, T. E., and Breunig, C. (2010). “Crossing Political Divides: Communication, Political Identification, and Protest Organization.” In Walgrave, S. and Rucht, D. (eds.). The World Says No to War: Demonstrations against the War in Iraq. Minneapolis and St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press, ch. 11.Google Scholar

Bennett, W. L., and Livingston, S. (2018). “The Disinformation Order: Disruptive Communication and the Decline of Democratic Institutions.” European Journal of Communication 33: 122–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bennett, W. L., and Livingston, S. (eds.) (2020). The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology, and Disruptive Communication in the United States. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bennett, W. L., and Segerberg, A. (2013). The Logic of Connective Action. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bensel, R. F. (1990). Yankee Leviathan. The Origins of Central Authority in America, 1859–1877. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bensel, R. F. (2008). Passion and Preferences: William Jennings Bryan and the 1896 Democratic National Convention. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bermeo, N. (1997). “Myths of Moderation. Confrontation and Conflict during Democratic Transitions.” Comparative Politics 27: 305–22.Google Scholar

Bernstein, P. (2006). The First Waco Horror: The Lynching of Jesse Washington and the Rise of the NAACP. College Station, TX: Texas A & M University Press.Google Scholar

Berry, M., and Chenoweth, E. (2018). “Who Made the Women’s March?” In Meyer, D. S. and Tarrow, S. (eds.). The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, ch. 3.Google Scholar

Bidegain, G. (2017). “From Cooperation to Confrontation: The Mapuche Movement and Its Political Impact, 1990–2014.” In Donoso, Sofia and von Bulow, Marisa (eds.). Social Movements in Chile: Organizations, Trajectories, and Poliltical Consequences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ch. 4.Google Scholar

Biggs, M., and Andrews, K. (2015). “Protest Campaigns and Movement Success: Disaggregating the U.S. South in the Early 1960s.” American Sociological Review 80: 416–43.Google Scholar

Binder, S. (2017). “Polarized We Govern?” In Gerber, Alan S. and Schickler, Eric (eds.). Partisanship and Governmental Performance. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ch. 9.Google Scholar

Blum, R. M. (2017). “What Donald Trump’s Rhetoric Borrows from the Tea Party.” Vox. www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2017/2/9/14552930/trump-tea-party-rhetoric-immigrants-liberal-media (accessed February 7, 2021)Google Scholar

Blum, R. M. (2020). How the Tea Party Captured the GOP: Insurgent Factions in American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Boczkowski, P. J., and Papacharissi, Z., (eds.) (2018). Trump and the Media. Cambridge and London: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Boix, C. (ed.) (2009). Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Borbath, E., and Hutter, S. (2020). “Protesting Parties in Europe: A Comparative Assessment.” Party Politics 26: 1–13.Google Scholar

Borneman, W. (2014). Iron Horses: America’s Race to Bring the Railroads West. Boston MA: Little, Brown.Google Scholar

Branch, T. (1989). Parting the Waters: America in the King Years. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Breckinridge, S. P. (1933). “The Activities of Women outside the Home.” Recent Social Trends in the United States: Report of the President’s Research Committee on Social Trends. US Government. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar

Bremer, B., Hutter, S., and Kriesi, H. (2020). “Electoral Punishment and Protest Politics in Times of Crisis.” In Kriesi, H., Lorenzini, J., Wuest, B., and Hausermann, S. (eds.). Contention in Times of Crisis: Recession and Political Protest in Thirty European Countries. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, ch. 10.Google Scholar

Brink, W., and Harris, L. (1963). The Negro Revolution in America. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Brooker, M. (2018). “Indivisible: Invigorating and Redirecting the Grassroots.” In Meyer, D. S. and Tarrow, S. (eds.). The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, ch. 8.Google Scholar

Brooks, C. (2016). Liberty Power: Antislavery Third Parties and the Transformation of American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Bullock, C. E., and Gaddie, R. K. (2014). The Triumph of Voting Rights in the South. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar

Bunce, V. (1995). “Should Transitologists Be Grounded?” Slavic Review 55: 111–27.Google Scholar

Burnham, W. D. (1970). Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar

Button, J. W. (1978). Black Violence : Political Impact of the 1960s Riots. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Cain, B., Ferejonn, J., and Fiorina, M. (1987). The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Campbell, A., P. Converse, W. Miller, and D. E. Stokes (1960). The American Voter. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar

Cantrell, G. (2020). The People’s Revolt: Texas Populists and the Roots of American Liberalism. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Caplan, R., and boyd, D (2018). “Who’s Playing Who? Media Manipulation in an Era of Trump.” In Boczkowski, P. J. and Papacharissi, Z. (eds.). Trump and the Media. Cambridge and London: MIT Press, ch. 7.Google Scholar

Carpenter, D., and Moore, C. D. (2014). “When Canvassers Became Activists: Antislavery Petitioning and the Political Mobilization of American Women.” American Political Science Review 108: 479–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carson, C. (1981). In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Catsam, D. (2009). Freedom’s Main Line: The Journey of Reconciliation and the Freedom Rides. Lexington KY: University Press of Kentucky.Google Scholar

Cebul, B., Geismer, L., and Williams, M. B. (eds.) (2019). Shaped by the State: Towards a New Political History of the Twentieth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Cebul, B., and Williams, M. B. (2019). “Really and Truly a Partnership: The New Deal’s Associational State and the Making of Postwar Politics.” In Cebul, B., Geismer, L., and Williams, M. B. (eds.). Shaped by the State: Toward a New Political History of the Twentieth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ch. 3.Google Scholar

Chang, P. Y. (2015). Protest Dialectics: State Repression and South Korea’s Democracy Movement, 1970–1979. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Chang, P. Y., and Lee, K. (in press). “The Structure of Protest Cycles: Inspiration and Bridging in South Korea’s Democracy Movement.” Social Forces.Google Scholar

Chang, P. Y., and Shin, G.-W. (2011). “Institutionalization and Diffusion.” In Shin, G.-W. and Chang, P. Y. (eds.). South Korean Social Movements: From Democracy to Civil Society. New York and London: Routledge, ch. 1.Google Scholar

Charnock, E. (2020). The Rise of the Political Action Committees. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Chenoweth, E. (2017). “Trends in Nonviolent Resistance and State Response: Is Violence toward Civilian-Based Movemetns on the Rise.” Global Responsibility to Protect 9: 86–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chenoweth, E., A. Choi-Fitzpatrick, J. Pressman, F. G. Santos, and J. Ulfelder (April 2020). “The Global Pandemic Has Spawned New Forms of Activism – And They Are Flourishing.” The Guardian. www.global-pandemic-has-spawned-new-forms-of-activism-and-theyre-flourishingGoogle Scholar

Chenoweth, E., and Pressman, J. (February 2017). “This Is What We Learned by Counting the Women’s Marches.” The Monkey Cage. www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/02/07Google Scholar

Clemens, E. S. (1997). The People’s Lobby. Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890–1925. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Clemens, E. S. (2020). Civic Gifts: Voluntarism and the Making of the American Nation-State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Clemens, E. S., and Cook, J. (1999). “Politics and Institutionalism: Explaining Durability and Change.” Annual Review of Sociology 25: 441–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cohen, M., Karol, D., Noel, H., & Zaller, J. (2008). The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations before and after Reform. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Colburn, D. R. (2001). “Running for Office: African American Mayors from 1967 to 1996.” In Colburn, D. and Adler, J. S. (eds.). African American Mayors: Race, Politics, and the American City. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, ch. 1.Google Scholar

Collier, D., and Collier, R. (1991). Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Collier, D., and Munck, G. (eds.) (2017). “Symposium on Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies.” Qualitative and Multi-Method Research. Washington DC: American Political Science Association.Google Scholar

Collier, D., and Munck, G. (2022). Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Tools for Comparative Social Science. Lanham Md: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar

Corder, J. K., and Wolbrecht, C. (2016). Counting Women’s Ballots: Female Voters from Suffrage through the New Deal. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cortright, D. (1975). Soldiers in Revolt: The American Military Today. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press, Doubleday.Google Scholar

Cortright, D. (1993). Peace Works: The Citizen’s Role in Ending the Cold War. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar

Cortright, D. (2008). “A Peaceful Superpower: The Movement against the War in Iraq.” In Chiba, S. and Schoenbaum, T. J. (eds.). The Peace Movement and Pacifism after September 11. Cheltenham England: Edward Elgar, 201–26.Google Scholar

Costain, A. (1992). Inviting Women’s Rebellion: A Political Process Interpretation of the Women’s Movement. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Cott, N. (1977). The Bonds of Womanhood. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Cowie, J. R. (2010). Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class. New York: The New Press.Google Scholar

Cowie, J. R. (2016). The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Crawford, A. P. (1981). Thunder on the Right. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar

Cross, W. (1950). The Burned-Over District: The Social and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New York, 1800–1850. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Cumings, B. E. (1997). Korea’s Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York: Norton.Google Scholar

de Felice, R. (2005). Mussolini giornalista. Milan: Rizzoli.Google Scholar

della Porta, D. (2016). Where Did The Revolution Go? New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

della Porta, D. (2020). How Social Movements Can Save Democracy: Democratic Innovations from Below. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar

della Porta, D., Fernandez, J., Kourki, J. H., and Mosca, L. (eds.) (2017). Movement Parties Against Austerity. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar

della Porta, D., and Diani, M. (2006). Social Movements: An Introduction, 2nd ed. Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell’s.Google Scholar

della Porta, D., and Tarrow, S. (1986). “Unwanted Children: Political Violence and the Cycle of Protest in Italy.” European Journal of Political Research 14: 607–32.Google Scholar

di Paola, P. (2009). “Biennio Rosso (1919–20).” International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest, Vol II. London: Blackwell’s.Google Scholar

Diani, M. (2015). The Cement of Civil Society: Studying Networks in Societies. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Diani, M., and McAdam, D. (eds.) (2003). Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action. Oxford and New York: Oxford University.Google Scholar

Dittmer, J., Wright, G. C., Dulaney, C., and Marvin, W. (eds.) (1993). Mississippi Movement: Essays on the American Civil Rights Movement. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.Google Scholar

Donaldson, G. A. (1993). “Who Wrote the Clifford Memo? The Origins of Campaign Strategy in the Truman Administration.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 23: 747–54.Google Scholar

Donoso, S. (2017). “Outsider and Insider Strategies: Chile’s Student Movement, 1990–2014.” In Donoso, S. and von Bulow, M. (eds.). Social Movements in Chile: Organizations, Trajectories, and Political Consequences. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, ch 4.Google Scholar

Donoso, S., and von Bulow, M. (eds.) (2017). Social Movements in Chile: Organizations, Trajectories, and Political Consequences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Dorf, M. C., and Chu, M. S. (2018). “Lawyers as Activists: From the Airport to the Courtroom.” In Meyer, D. S. and Tarrow, S. (eds). The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 6.Google Scholar

Downs, A. (1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper.Google Scholar

Du Bois, W. E. B. (1935). Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880. New York: Harcourt, Brace.Google Scholar

Du Bois, W. E. B. (2005). The Illustrated Souls of Black Folk. Boulder and London: Paradigm Publishers.Google Scholar

Dudziak, M. L. (2000). Cold War Civil Rights. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Dudziak, M. L. (ed.) (2003). September 11 in History. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar

Earl, J., and Kimport, K. (2011). Digitally Enabled Social Change. Cambridge and London: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Edwards, G. S., and Rushin, S. (2019). “The Effect of President Trump’s Election on Hate Crimes.” https://ssrn.com/abstract=3102652Google Scholar

Eisgruber, C. L. (2009). “The Story of Dred Scott: Originalism’s Forgotten Past.” In Drof, M. C. (ed.). Constitutional Law Stories, 2nd ed. New York: Foundation Press, ch. 5.Google Scholar

Evans, S. M. (1980). Personal Politics: The Roots of Women’s Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar

Everson, D. H. (1982). “The Decline of Political Parties.” Proceedings of the American Academy of Political Science 34: 49–60.Google Scholar

Farneti, P. (1978). “Social Conflict, Parliamentary Fragmentation, Institutional Shift, and the Rise of Fascist Italy.” In Linz, J. and Stepan, A. (eds.). The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, ch. 1.Google Scholar

Fehrenbacher, D. E. (1978). The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Fetner, T., and King, B. G (2014). “Three-Layer Movements, Resources and the Tea Party.” In Van Dyke, N. and Meyer, D. S. (eds.). Understanding the Tea Party. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, ch. 2.Google Scholar

Finegold, K., and Skocpol, T (1984). “State, Party, and Industry. From Business Recovery to the Wagner Act in America’s New Deal.” In Bright, C. and Harding, S. (eds.). Statemaking and Social Movements: Essays in History and Theory. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, pp. 159–92.Google Scholar

Fingerhut, E. R. (1976). “Tom Watson, Blacks, and Southern Reform.” Georgia Historical Review 60: 324–43.Google Scholar

Fisher, D. R. (2019). American Resistance: From the Women’s March to the Blue Wave. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Fisher, D. R. (2020a). “The Diversity of the Recent Black Lives Matter Protests Is a Good Sign for Racial Equity.” How We Rise. Brookings Institution, July 8. www.brookings.edu/blog/how-we-rise/2020/07/08/the-diversity-of-the-recent-black-lives-matter-protests-is-a-good-sign-for-racial-equity/?preview_id=900068Google Scholar

Fisher, D. R. (2020b). “The Original Women’s Marches Are Still a Political Force.” The Washington Post, November 3.Google Scholar

Fishman, R. (2019). Democratic Practice: Origins of the Iberian Divide in Political Inclusion. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Fitzgerald, M. W. (1989). The Union League Movement in the Deep South. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar

Flacks, R., and Lichtenstein, N. (eds.) (2015). The Port Huron Statement: Sources and Legacies of the New Left’s Founding Manifesto. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar

Flexner, E. (1959). Century of Struggle: The Woman’s Rights Movement in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Foner, E. (1995). Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Foner, E. (2014). Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution. New York: Harper Perennial.Google Scholar

Francis, M. M. (2016). Civil Rights and the Making of the Modern American State. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Frank, J. (2018). “Populism and Praxis,” in Kaltwasser, C. R., Taggart, P. A., Espejo, P. O. and Ostiguy, P. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook on Populism. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ch. 32.Google Scholar

Fredrickson, G. M. (1971). The Black Image in the White Mind. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar

Free, L. E. (2015). Suffrage Reconstructed: Gender, Race, and Voting Rights in the Civil War Era. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Frymer, P. (1999). Uneasy Alliances: Race and Party Competition in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Funes, M. J. (ed.) (2016). Regarding Tilly. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.Google Scholar

Gallman, J. M. (1994). The North Fights the Civil War: The Home Front. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.Google Scholar

Gamson, W. A. (1990). The Strategy of Social Protest. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.Google Scholar

Ganz, M. (2009). “Organizing Obama: Campaign, Organization, Movement.” In the Proceedings of the American Sociological Association. San Francisco, CA, August 8–11, 2009.Google Scholar

Garcia-Montoya, L., and Mahoney, J. (2020). “Critical Event Analysis in Case Study Research.” Sociological Methods and Research. http://doi.org/10.1177/0049124120926201Google Scholar

Genovese, E. D. (1972). Roll, Jordan, Roll. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Gentile, E. (1995). La Via italiana al totalitarismo. Roma: Nuova Italia Scientifica.Google Scholar

Gerstle, G., Lichtenstein, N., and O’Connor, A. (eds.) (2019). Beyond the New Deal Order: US Politics from the Great Depression to the Great Recession. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar

Gervais, B., and Morris, I. (2018). Reactionary Republicanism: How the Tea Party Paved the Way for Trump’s Victory. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gienapp, W. E. (1987). The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852–1856. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gillion, D. Q. (2020). The Loud Minority: Why Protests matter in American Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Gitlin, T. (1980). The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Gitlin, T. (1987). The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage. New York: Bantam.Google Scholar

Giugni, M., McAdam, D., and Tilly, C (eds.) (1998a). From Contention to Democracy. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar

Giugni, M., McAdam, D., and Tilly, C., (eds.) (1999b). How Social Movements Matter. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar

Giugni, M., and Yamasaki, S. (2009). “The Policy Impact of Social Movements: A Replication through Qualitative Comparative Analysis.” Mobilization 14: 467–84.Google Scholar

Goedde, P. (2011). “Lawyers for a Democratic Society (Minbyun): The Evolution of Its Legal Mobilization Process since 1988.” In Shin, G.-W. and Chang, P. Y. (eds.). South Korean Social Movements: From Democracy to Civil Society. London and New York: Routledge, ch. 13.Google Scholar

Goldberg, P. (1975). “The Politics of the Allende Overthrow in Chile.” Political Science Quarterly 90: 93–116.Google Scholar

Goldfield, M. (1982). “The Decline of Organized Labor: NLRB Union Certification Election Results.” Politics and Society 11: 167–210.Google Scholar

Goldfield, M. (1987). The Decline of Organized Labor in the United States. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Goldfield, M. (1989). “Worker Insurgency, Radical Organization, and New Deal Labor Legislation.” American Political Science Review 83: 1257–82.Google Scholar

Goldstone, J. A. (ed.) (2003). States, Parties, and Social Movements. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Goodheart, A. (2011). 1861: The Civil War Awakening. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar

Goodwyn, L. (1976). Democratic Promise: The Populist Movement in America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Goss, K. A. (2013). The Paradox of Gender Equality: How American Women’s Groups Gained and Lost Their Public Voice. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. New York: International Publishers.Google Scholar

Greskovits, B. (2020). “Rebuilding the Hungarian Right through Conquering Civil Society: The Civic Circles Movement.” East European Politics 34: 247–66.Google Scholar

Grinspan, J. (2016). The Virgin Vote: How Young Americans Made Democracy Social, Politics Personal, and Voting Popular in the Nineteenth Century. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Grossmann, M., and Hopkins, D. (2016). Assymetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gusfield, J. (1986). Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement. Champaign Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Gutierrez Crocco, F. (2017). “Coping with Neoliberalism through Legal Mobilization: The Chilean Labor Movement’s New Tactics and Allies.” In Donoso, S. and von Bulow, M. (eds.). Social Movements in Chile: Organizations, Trajectories, and Political Consequences. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, ch. 7.Google Scholar

Hacker, J., and Pierson, P. (2015). “Confronting Asymmetric Polarization.” In Persily, N. (ed.). Solutions to Political Polarization in America. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ch. 3.Google Scholar

Hadden, J., and Tarrow, S. (2007). “Spillover or Spillout: The Global Justice Movement in the United States after 9/11.” Mobilization 12: 359–76.Google Scholar

Hahn, S. (2003). A Nation under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Haines, H. H. (1984). “Black Radicalization and the Study of Civil Rights: 1957–1970.” Social Problems 32: 21–43.Google Scholar

Hall, J. D. (2005). “The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past.” The Journal of American History 91: 1233–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hall, S. (1986). “Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms.” In Collins, R. (ed.). Media, Culture, and Society: A Critical Reader. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, pp. 57–72.Google Scholar

Han, H., and Okawara, M. (2018). “Constituency and Leadership in the Evolution of Resistance Organizations.” In Meyer, D. S. and Tarrow, S. (eds.). The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, ch. 11.Google Scholar

Harris, K. (2012). “Change Is Not the Same as Progress: The Failures of the McGovern-Fraser Reforms in 1972.” The Menlo School Roundtable. Menlo Park, CA.Google Scholar

Harvey, A. (1998). Votes without Leverage: Women in American Electoral Politics, 1920–1970. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Heaney, M. T., and Rojas, F. (2014). “Hybrid Activism: Social Movement Mobilization in a Multimovement Environment.” American Journal of Sociology 119: 1047–1103.Google Scholar

Heaney, M. T., and Rojas, F. (2015). Party in the Street: The Antiwar Movement and the Democratic Party after 9/11. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hertel-Fernandez, A. (2020). “Dissecting the Conservative Triumph in Wisconsin.” In Skocpol, T. and Tervo, C. (eds.). Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 2.Google Scholar

Hetherington, M. J., and Weiler, J. D. (2009). Authoritarianism and Polarization in American Politics. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hild, M. (2007). Greenbackers, Knights of Labor, and Populists: Farmer-Labor Insurgency in the late-Nineteenth-Century South. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hipsher, P. (1998). “Democratic Transitions as Protest Cycles.” In Meyer, David S. and Tarrow, Sidney (eds.). The Social Movement Society. Contentious Politics for a New Century. Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 153–72.Google Scholar

Hochschild, A. (2018). Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right. New York: The New Press.Google Scholar

Hunter, W. (2007). “The Normalization of an Anomaly: The Workers’ Party in Brazil.” World Politics 59: 440–75.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. (1991). The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar

Hutter, S. (2014). “Protest Event Analysis and Its Offspring.” In della Porta, D (ed.). Methodological Practices in Social Movement Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Inglehart, R. (1990). Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Inglehart, R., and Norris, P. (2017). “Trump and the Populist Authoritarian Parties: The Silent Revolution in Reverse.” Perspectives on Politics 15: 443–54.Google Scholar

Jacobs, M. (2019). “State Building from the Bottom Up: The New Deal and Beyond.” In Gerstle, G., Lichtenstein, N., and O’Connor, A. (eds.). Beyond the New Deal Order: US Politics from the Great Depression to the Great Recession. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, ch. 2.Google Scholar

Jacobs, M., Novak, W., and Zeliger, J. (eds.) (2003). The Democratic Experiment: New Dimensions in American Political History. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Jacobs, N. F., King, D., and Milkis, S. (2019). “Building a Conservative State: Partisan Polarization and the Redeployment of Administrative Power.” Perspectives on Politics 17: 453–69.Google Scholar

Jacobs, N. F., and Milkis, S. M. (forthcoming). What Happened to the Vital Center? New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobson, G. C. (September 2011). “The President, the Tea Party, and Voting Behavior in 2010: Insights from the Cooperative Congressional Election Study.” American Political Science Association Annual Meeting. Seattle, WA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jäger, A. M. M. (2020). “Populism and the Democracy of Producers in the United States, 1877–1925.” PhD thesis, History Department, Cambridge University.Google Scholar

Jones, S., and C. Doxsee (2020). “The Escalating Terrorism Problem in the United States.” CSIS Briefs. Washington DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.Google Scholar

Judis, J. B. (2016). The Populist Explosion: How the Great Recession Transformed American Politics. Columbia Global Reports. New York: Columbia University.Google Scholar

Journal of American History (2019). “Interchange: Women’s Suffrage, the Nineteenth Amendment, and the Right to Vote.” Journal of American History, 106.Google Scholar

Jung, J. K. (2011). “Popular Mobilization and Democratization: A Comparative Study of South Korea and Taiwan.” Korea Observer 42: 377–411.Google Scholar

Jung, J. K. (2020). The Role of Civil Society in South Korean Democracy: Liberal Legacy and Its Pitfalls. EAI Issue Briefing. Seoul: East Asia Institute.Google Scholar

Kabaservice, G. (2012). Rule and Ruin: The Downfall of Moderation and the Destruction of the Republican Party. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kalyvas, S. N. (1996). The Rise of Christian Democracy in Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Karol, D. (2014). “Political Parties in American Political Development.” In Vallely, R., Mettler, S., and Lieberman, R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of American Political Development. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 22.Google Scholar

Karol, D., and Thurston, C. (2020). “From Personal to Partisan: Abortion, Party, and Religion among California State Legislators.” Studies in American Political Development 31: 149–69.Google Scholar

Karp, M. (2016). This Vast Southern Empire: Slaveholders at the Helm of American Foreign Policy. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Karp, M. (2019). “The Mass Politics of Antislavery.” Catalyst 3: 131–78.Google Scholar

Karpf, D. (2012). The MoveOn Effect: Disruptive Innovation and the New Generation of American Political Associations. The Unexpected Transformation of American Political Advocacy. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Katz, R. S., and Mair, P. (1993). “The Evolution of Party Organizations in Europe: The Three Faces of Party Organization.” American Review of Politics 14: 593–618.Google Scholar

Katz, R. S., and Mair, P. (2009). “The Cartel Party Thesis: A Restatement.” Perspectives on Politics 7: 753–66.Google Scholar

Katznelson, I. (2013). Fear Itself: The New Deal and the Origins of Our Time. New York: Liveright.Google Scholar

Keck, M. (1992). The Worker’s Party and Democratization in Brazil. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Kennan, J. (1986). “The Economics of Strikes.” In Ashenfelter, and Layard, R. (eds.). Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 1091–37.Google Scholar

Key, V. O. (1955a). Politics, Parties and Pressure Groups. New York: Thomax Y. Crowell.Google Scholar

Key, V. O. (1955b). “A Theory of Critical Elections.” Journal of Politics 17: 3–18.Google Scholar

Key, V. O. (1984). Southern Politics in State and Nation. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.Google Scholar

Keyssar, A. (2000). The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Kier, E. (2010). “War and Reform: Gaining Labor’s Compliance on the Homefront.” In Kier, E. and Krebs, R. R. (eds.). In War’s Wake: International Conflict and the Fate of Liberal Democracy. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 139–61.Google Scholar

Kim, S.-C. (2018). Democratization and Social Movements in Korea. Oxford and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

King, B. G., and Cornwall, M. (2005). “Specialists and Generalists: Learning Strategies in the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1866–1918.” Research in Social Movements, Conflict and Change 26: 3–34.Google Scholar

King, D., and Milkis, S. M. (2021). “Polarization, the Administrative State, and Executive-Centered Partisanship.” In Lieberman, R. C., Mettler, S., and Roberts, K. M. (eds.). Democratic Resilience: Can the United States Withstand Rising Polarization. New York: Cambridge University Press, ch. 11.Google Scholar

Kirby, D., and Ekins, E. (2012). “Libertarian Roots of the Tea Party.” Policy Analysis. Cato Institute.Google Scholar

Kitschelt, H. (2006). “Movement Parties.” In Katz, R. A. and Crotty, W. (eds.). Handbook of Party Politics. London: Sage Publications, ch. 24.Google Scholar

Klandermans, B. (1992). “The Social Construction of Protest and Multiorganizational Fields.” In Morris, A. and McClurg Mueller, C. (eds.). Frontiers in Social Movement Theory. New Haven: Yale University Press, ch. 4.Google Scholar

Klandermans, B. (2019). “How Citizens Try to Influence Politics: On Movements and Parties.” Unpublished paper presented to the Closing Conference of the PolPart Project, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Klinkner, P. A., and Smith, R. M. (2002). The Unsteady March: The Rise and Decline of Racial Equality in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Knuckey, J., and Hasan, K (2020). “Authoritarianism and Support for Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election.” Social Science Journal 57: 1–14.Google Scholar

Kohn, M. (2003). Radical Space: Building the House of the People. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Kousser, J. M. (1974). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880–1910. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Kriesi, H., et al (1995). The Politics of New Social Movements in Western Europe. Minneapolis and St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar

Kriesi, H., Lorenzini, J., Wüest, B., and Häusermann, S. (2020). Contention in Times of Crises. Recession and Policical Protest in 30 European Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kryder, D. (2000). Divided Arsenal: Race and the American State during World War Two. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

La Raja, R. J., and Schaffner, B. F. (2015). Campaign Finance and Political Polarization: When Purists Prevail. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Lemann, N. (1991). The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar

Lemann, N. (2020). “The Republican Identity Crisis After Trump,” The New Yorker, October 23^rd.Google Scholar

Lemons, J. S. (1973). The Woman Citizen: Social Feminism in the 1920s. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Lengle, J. L., and Shafer, B. E. (1976). “Primary Rules, Political Power, and Social Change.” American Political Science Review 70: 25–40.Google Scholar

Levitsky, S., and Ziblatt, D. (2018). This Is How Democracies Die. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar

Lieberman, R. C. (2005). Shaping Race Policy: The United States in Comparative Perspective. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Lieberman, R. C., Mettler, S, and Roberts, K. M. (2021). “How Democracies Endure: The Challenges of Polarization and Resiliance.” In Lieberman, R. C., Mettler, S., and Roberts, K. M. (eds.). Democratic Resilience: Can the United States Withstand Rising Polarization? New York: Cambridge University Press, ch. 1.Google Scholar

Lieberman, R. C., Mettler, S., and. Roberts, K. M. (eds.) (2021). Democratic Resilience: Can the United States Withstand Rising Polarization? New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Lijphart, A. (1968). “The Politics of Accommodation.” Pluralism and Democracy in the Netherlands. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Linz, J., and Stepan, A. (eds.) (1978). The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Lipset, S. M., and Rokkan, S. (1967). Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. Glencoe IL: The Free Press.Google Scholar

Luders, J. E. (2003). “Countermovements, the State, and the Intensity of Racial Contention in the American South.” In Goldstone, J. A. (ed.). States, Parties and Social Movements. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 22–44.Google Scholar

Luders, J. E. (2010). The Civil Rights Movement and the Logic of Social Change. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Luna, J. P., and Altman, D. (2011). “Uprooted but Stable: Chilean Parties and the Concept of Party System Institutionalization.” Latin American Politics and Society 53, 1–28.Google Scholar

Lunardini, C. A. (1986). From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights. New York and London: New York University Press.Google Scholar

Luthin, R. (1954). American Demagogues. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar

Lyttelton, A. (1979). “Landlords, Peasants and the Limits of Liberalism.” In Davis, J. A. (ed.). Gramsci and Italy’s Passive Revolution. London: Routledge, ch. 4.Google Scholar

MacLean, N. (2017). Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right’s Stealth Plan for America. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar

Mahoney, J. (2000). “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology.” Theory and Society 24: 507–48.Google Scholar

Mainwaring, S., and Scully, T. R. (1995). “Party Systems in Latin America.” In Mainwaring, S. and Scully, T. R. (eds.). Building Democratic Institutions. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, Introduction.Google Scholar

Mair, P. (2013). Ruling the Void: The Hollowing of Western Democracy. London: Verso.Google Scholar

Mair, P., and Katz, R. S. (1997). “Party Organization, Party Democracy, and the Emergence of the Cartel Party.” In Mair, P. (ed.). Party System Change: Applications and Interpretations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 5.Google Scholar

Mann, T., and Ornstein, N. J. (2012). It’s Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American Constitutional System Collided with the New Politics of Extremism. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Mansbridge, J. (1986). Why We Lost the ERA. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Markoff, J. (1996). Waves of Democracy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.Google Scholar

Marsh, S. (2020). “How Trump Flipped Michigan.” In Skocpol, T. and Tervo, C. (eds.). Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 5.Google Scholar

Mason, L. (2018). Uncivil Agreement: How Politics Became Our Identity. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Mason, L., and Kalmoe, N. (2021). “The Social Roots, Risks, and Rewards of Mass Polarization.” In Mettler, S., Lieberman, R. C., and Roberts, K. M. (eds.). Democratic Resilience: Can the United States Withstand Rising Polarization. New York: Cambridge University Press, ch. 7.Google Scholar

Mason, L., and Wronsky, J. (2018). “One Tribe to Bind Them All: How Our Social Group Attachments Strengthen Partisanship,” Advances in Political Psychology 29, 257–77.Google Scholar

Matthews, D. R., and Prothro, J. (1966). Negroes and the New Southern Politics. New York: Harcourt, Brace.Google Scholar

Mayer, J. (2017). Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires behind the Rise of the Radical Right. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar

Mayhew, D. (1986). Placing Parties in American Politics: Organization, Electoral Settings, and Government Activity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Mayhew, D. (2002). Electoral Realignments: A Critique of an American Genre. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

McAdam, D. (1983). “Tactical Innovation and the Pace of Insurgency.” American Sociological Review 48: 735–54.Google Scholar

McAdam, D. (1988). Freedom Summer. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

McAdam, D. (1999a). “The Biographical Impact of Activism.” In Giuni, M., McAdam, D., and Tilly, C. (eds.). How Social Movements Matter. Minneapolis and St. Paul: University of Minnesota, ch. 6.Google Scholar

McAdam, D. (1999b). Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

McAdam, D. (2018). “Putting Donald Trump in Historical Perspective: Racial Politics and Social Movements from the 1960s to Today.” In Meyer, D. S. and Tarrow, S. (eds.). The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 1.Google Scholar

McAdam, D. (June 2020). “We’ve Never Seen Protests like These Before.” Jacobin. https://jacobinmag.com/2020/06/george-floyd-protests-black-lives-matter-riots-demonstrationsGoogle Scholar

McAdam, D., and Kloos, K. (2014). Deeply Divided: Racial Politics and Social Movements in Post-War America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

McAdam, D., and Su, Y. (2002). “The War at Home. Antiwar Protests and Congressional Voting, 1965 to 1973.” American Sociological Review 67: 696–721.Google Scholar

McAdam, D., and Tarrow, S. (2010). “Ballots and Barricades: The Reciprocal Relations between Elections and Social Movements.” Perspectives on Politics 8: 529–42.Google Scholar

McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., and Tilly, C. (2001). Dynamics of Contention. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

McCammon, H. J. (2012). The US Women’s Jury Movement and Strategic Adaptation: A More Just Verdict. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

McCammon, H. J., and Campbell, K. E. (2002). “Allies on the Road to Victory: Coalition Formation between the Suffragists and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union.” Mobilization 7: 231–51.Google Scholar

McCammon, H. J., Campbell, K. E., Granberg, E. N., and Mowery, C. (2001). “How Movements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and the State Women’s Suffrage Movements, 1866–1919.” American Sociological Review 66: 49–70.Google Scholar

McCarthy, J. (1987). “Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Mobilization: Infrastructure Deficits and New Technologies.” In Zald, M. N. and McCarthy, J. (eds.). Social Movements in an Organizational Society. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, pp. 49–66.Google Scholar

McCarthy, J., and McPhail, C. (1998). “The Institutionalization of Protest in the United States.” In Meyer, D. S. and Tarrow, S. (eds.). The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 83–110.Google Scholar

McCarthy, J., and Wolfson, M. (1992). “Consensus Movements, Conflict Movements and the Cooperation of Civic and State Infrastructures.” In Morris, A. and Mueller, C. M. (eds.). Frontiers in Social Movement Theory. New Haven: Yale University Press, 273–97.Google Scholar

McCarthy, J., and Zald, M. N. (1973). The Trend of Social Movements in America: Professionalization and Resource Mobilization. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.Google Scholar

McCarthy, J., and Zald, M. N. (1977). “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 82: 1212–41.Google Scholar

McCarty, N. (2007). “The Policy Consequences of Political Polarization.” In Pierson, Paul and Skocpol, Theda (eds.). The Transformation of the American Polity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, ch. 2.Google Scholar

McCarty, N., and Schickler, E. (2018). “On the Theory of Parties.” Annual Review of Political Science 21: 175–93.Google Scholar

McConnaughy, C. M. (2013). The Woman Suffrage Movement in America. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

McConnell, G. (1953). Decline of Agrarian Democracy. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar

McConnell, G. (1966). Private Power and American Democracy. New York: Alfred Knopf.Google Scholar

McCoy, J., and Somer, M. (2021). “Pernicious Polarization and Democratic Resilience: Analyzing the US in Comparative Perspective.” In Lieberman, R., Mettler, S., and Roberts, K. M. (eds.). Democratic Resilience: Can the United States Withstand Rising Polarization? New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ch. 3.Google Scholar

McMath, R. C. J. (1975). Populist Vanguard: A History of the Southern Farmers’ Alliance. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

McMillen, N. R. (1971). The Citizens’ Council: Organized Resistance to the Second Reconstruction, 1954–1964. Champagn-Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

McVeigh, R. (2014). “What’s New about the Tea Party Movement.” In Dyke, N. V. and Almeida, D. S. (eds.). Understanding the Tea Party Movement. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, ch. 1.Google Scholar

Melucci, A. (1980). “The New Social Movements: A Theoretical Approach.” Social Science Information 19: 199–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mercieca, J. (2020). Demagogue for President: The Rhetorical Genius of Donald Trump. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.Google Scholar

Mettler, S., and Lieberman, R. (2020). Four Threats: The Recurring Crises of American Democracy. New York: St. Martin’s.Google Scholar

Meyer, D. S. (1990). A Winter of Discontent: The Nuclear Freeze and American Politics. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar

Meyer, D. S., and Corrigall-Brown, C. (2006). “Coalitions and Political Context: The Movements against Wars in Iraq.” Mobilization 10: 327–44.Google Scholar

Meyer, D. S., and Pullum, A. (2014). “The Tea Party and the Dilemmas of Conservative Populism.” In Meyer, D. S. and Dyke, N. V. (eds.). Understanding the Tea Party. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, ch. 4.Google Scholar

Meyer, D. S., and Staggenborg, S. (1996). “Movements, Countermovements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity.” American Journal of Sociology 101: 1628–60.Google Scholar

Meyer, D. S., and Tarrow, S. (eds.) (1998). The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar

Meyer, D. S., and Tarrow, S. (eds.) (2018). The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Meyer, D. S., and Tarrow, S. (2018). “War, Peace, and Social Movements.” In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., Kriesi, H., and MacCammon, H. J. (eds.). Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements. London: John Wiley and Sons, ch. 2.Google Scholar

Meyer, J., Boli, J., Thomas, G. M. and Ramirez, F. O. (1998). “World Society and the Nation-State.” American Journal of Sociology 103: 144–81.Google Scholar

Michels, R. (1962). Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. New York: Collier Books.Google Scholar

Mickey, R. (2015). Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of America’s Authoritarian Enclaves, 1944–1972. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Milkis, S. M. (1993). The President and the Parties: The Transformation of the American Party System since the New Deal. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Milkis, S. M., and Tichenor, D. J. (2019). Rivalry and Reform: Presidents, Social Movements, and the Transformation of American Politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Milkis, S. M., and York, J. W. (2017). “Barack Obama, Organizing for Action, and Executive-Centered Partisanship.” Studies in American Political Development 31: 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, J. (1987). Democracy Is in the Streets: From Port Huron to the Siege of Chicago. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Minkoff, D. C. (1995). Organizing for Equality: The Evolution of Women’s and Racial-Ethnic Organizations in America, 1955–1985. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar

Minkoff, D. C. (2016). “The Payoffs of Organizational Membership for Political Activism in Established Democracies.” Amercan Journal of Sociology 122: 425–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moore, B. J. (1966). The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar

Morgan, D. (1972). Suffragists and Democrats. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.Google Scholar

Morgan-Collins, M. (2021). “The Electoral Impact of Newly Enfranchised Groups: The Case of Women’s Suffrage in the United States.” Journal of Politics 83, pp. 150–65.Google Scholar

Morris, A. (1981). “Black Southern Sit-In Movements: An Analysis of Organizations.” American Sociological Review 45: 744–67.Google Scholar

Morris, A. (1984). The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar

Mudde, C. (2004). “The Populist Zeitgeist.” Government and Opposition 39: 542–63.Google Scholar

Mudde, C., and Kaltwasser, C. R. (eds.) (2012). Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat or Corrective for Democracy? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Munck, G. (2022). “When Causes Are Distant and Effects Persist: Rethinking the Critical Juncture Framework.” In D. Collier and G. Munck (eds.). Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Tools for Comparative Social Science, ch. 5.Google Scholar

Neely, M. E. Jr. (1991). The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Noel, H. (2012). “Which Long Coalition? The Creation of the Anti-Slavery Coalition.” Party Politics 19: 962–84.Google Scholar

Noel, H. (2014). Political Ideologies and Political Parties in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Oakes, J. (2012). Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1985. New York and London: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar

O’Donnell, G., Schmitter, P., and Whitehead, L. (eds.) (1986). Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Offe, C. (1985). “New Social Movements: Challenging the Boundaries of Institutional Politics.” Social Research 52: 817–68.Google Scholar

Orren, K., and Skowronek, S. (2004). The Search for American Political Development. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Oshinsky, D. M. (1996). Worse Than Slavery: Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar

Ostler, J. (1993). Prairie Populism: The Fate of Agrarian Radicalism in Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa, 1880–1892. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar

Parker, C. S. (2009). Fighting for Democracy: Black Veterans and the Struggle against White Supremacy in the Postwar South. Princeton and Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Parker, C. S. (2021). “Status Threat: Moving the Right Further to the Right?” Daedalus 150: 56–75Google Scholar

Parker, C. S., and Barreto, M. A. (2013). Change They Can’t Believe In: The Tea Party and Reactionary Politics in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Patterson, T. E. (2020). Is the Republican Party Destroying Itself? Seattle, WA: KDP Publishing.Google Scholar

Payne, C. M. (2007). I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Perlman, S. (1928). A Theory of the Labor Movement. Philadelphia, PA: Porcupine Press.Google Scholar

Perlstein, R. (2009). Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus. New York: Nation Books.Google Scholar

Perlstein, R. (2020). Reaganland: America’s Right Turn, 1976–1980. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Piazza, A., and Wang, D. J. (2020). “Claim Specialization, Tactical Diversity and the Protest Environment in the Success of US Anti-Nuclear Activism.” Mobilization 25: 93–114.Google Scholar

Pierson, P. (2017). “American Hybrid: Donald Trump and the Strange Merger of Populism and Plutocracy.” British Journal of Sociology 68: S10-S119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pierson, P., and Schickler, E. (2021). “Polarization and the Durability of Madisonian Checks and Balances: A Developmental Analysis.” In Lieberman, R. C., Mettler, S., and Roberts, K. M. (eds.). Democratic Resilience: Can the United States Withstand Rising Polarization. New York: Cambridge University Press, ch. 2.Google Scholar

Piven, F. F., and Cloward, R. (1972). Regulating the Poor. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar

Piven, F. F., and Cloward, R. (1977). Poor People’s Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar

Poggi, G. (1967). Catholic Action in Italy: The Sociology of a Sponsored Organization. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Porter, E. (2016). “Where Were Trump’s Votes? Where the Jobs Weren’t.” New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/business/economy/jobs-economy-voters.html (accessed December 14, 2016).Google Scholar

Porter, J. R., Howell, F. M., and Hempel, L. M. (2014). “Old Times Are Not Forgotten. The Institutionalization of Segregationist Academies in the American South.” Social Problems 61: 576–601.Google Scholar

Posner, P. (2004). “Local Democracy and the Transformation of Popular Participation.” Latin American Politics and Society 46: 51–81.Google Scholar

Post, C. (2011). Political Marxism and the Rise of American Capitalism: Studies in Class Structure, Economic Development and Political Conflict, 1620–1877. London: Brill.Google Scholar

Postel, C. (2007). The Populist Vision. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Prasad, M. (2013). The Land of Too Much: American Abundance and the Paradox of Poverty. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Putnam, L. (2020a). “Middle America Reboots Democracy.” In Skocpol, T. and Tervo, C. (eds.). Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 8.Google Scholar

Putnam, L. (2020b). “Rust Belt in Transition: What Has Happened in Pennsylvania’s and the Entire Rust Belt’s ‘Middle Suburb’ Counties and Can It Be Reversed?” Democracy Journal 57. https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/57/rust-belt-in-transitionGoogle Scholar

Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Rana, A. (forthcoming). Rise of the Constitution Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Rana, A. (2024). Two Faces of American Freedom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Remmer, K. (1980). “Political Demobilization in Chile, 1973–1978.” Comparative Politics 12, 275–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rich, J. (2019). “The Rise of Hybrid Social Movements.” In Rich, J. (ed.). State-Sponsored Activism: Bureaucrats and Social Movements in Democratic Brazil. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ch. 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roberts, K. M. (2015). Changing Course in Latin America: Party Systems in the Neoliberal Era. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Roberts, K. M. (2017). “Chilean Social Movements and Party Politics in Comparative Perspective: Conceptualizing Latin America’s ‘Third Generation’ of Anti-Neoliberal Protest,” In Donoso, Sofia and von Bulow, Marisa (eds.). Social Movements in Chile: Organizations, Trajectories, and Political Consequences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ch. 8.Google Scholar

Roberts, K. M. (2018a). “Political Parties in Latin America’s Second Wave of Incorporation.” In Silva, E. and Rossi, F. (eds.). Reshaping the Political Arena in Latin America: From Resisting Neoliberalism to the Second Incorporation. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 211–21.Google Scholar

Roberts, K. M. (2018b). “Populism, Democracy and Resistance: The United States in Comparative Perspective. In Meyer, D. S. and Tarrow, S. (eds.). The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, ch. 2.Google Scholar

Rodgers, D. T. (2011). Age of Fracture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Rose-Ackerman, S. (2017). “Administrative Law, the Common Law, and the US Presidential System: The Republican Party Assault on Regulation.” https://adminlawblog.org/2017/03/01/1Google Scholar

Rosenbluth, F. M., and Shapiro, I. (2018). “Political Partisanship Is Vicious. That’s Because Political Parties Are Too Weak.” Washington Post, November 28.Google Scholar

Rosenfeld, S. (2018). The Polarizers: Postwar Architects of our Partisan Era. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Rucht, D., and Ohlemacher, T. (1992). “Protest Event Data: Collection, Uses and Perspectives.” In Diani, M. and Eyerman, R. (eds.). Studying Collective Action. London: Sage Publications, pp. 76–106.Google Scholar

Rupp, L. J., and Taylor, V. (1987). Survival in the Doldrums: The American Women’s Rights Movement, 1945 to the 1960s. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Sanders, E. (1999). Roots of Reform: Farmers, Workers, and the American State, 1877–1917. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Sapiro, Virginia (2020). “The Power and Fragility of Social Movement Coalitions: The Woman Suffrage Movement to 1870.” Boston University Law Review 100: 1558–611Google Scholar

Sartori, G. (1966). “European Political Parties: The Case of Polarized Pluralism.” In LaPalombara, Joseph and Weiner, Myron (eds.). Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ch. 5.Google Scholar

Schaeffer, C. (2017). “Democratizing the Flows of Democracy: Patagonia Sin Represas in the Awakening of Chile’s Civil Society.” In Donoso, S. and von Bulow, M. (eds.). Social Movements in Chile: Organizations, Trajectories and Political Consequences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ch. 5.Google Scholar

Schaffner, B., McWilliams, M., and Nteta, T. (2018). “Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism.” Political Science Quarterly 133: 9–34.Google Scholar

Schattschneider, E. E. (1960). The Semisovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar

Schickler, E. (2016). Racial Realignment: The Transformation of American Liberalism, 1932–1965. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Schlafly, P. (1964). A Choice Not an Echo. Alton, IL: Pere Marquette Press.Google Scholar

Schlozman, D. (2015). When Movements Anchor Parties: Electoral Alignments in American History. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Schlozman, D., and Rosenfeld, S. (September 2018). “The Long New Right and the World It Made.” Presented to the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting. Boston, MA.Google Scholar

Schlozman, D., and Rosenfeld, S. (2019). “The Hollow Parties.” In Lee, F. and McCarty, N. (eds.). Can America Govern Itself? New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ch. 6.Google Scholar

Schmidt, C. (2018). The Sit-Ins: Protest and Legal Change in the Civil Rights Era. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Schneider, C. (1995). Shantytown Protest in Pinochet’s Chile. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar

Schradie, J. (2019). The Revolution That Wasn’t: How Digital Activism Favors Conservatives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Schwartz, M. (1976). Radical Protest and Social Structure: The Southern Farmers’ Alliance and Cotton Tenancy, 1880–1890. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Sewell, R. H. (1976). Ballots for Freedom: Antislavery Politics in the United States, 1837–1860. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Sewell, W. H. Jr. (1996). “Historical Events as Transformations of Structures: Inventing Revolution at the Bastille.” Theory and Society 25: 841–81.Google Scholar

Shafer, B. E. (1983). The Struggle for the Democratic Party and the Shaping of Post-Reform Politics. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar

Shefter, M. (1994). Political Parties and the State: The American Historical Experience. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Shin, G.-W., and Chang, P. Y. (eds.) (2011). South Korean Social Movements: From Democracy to Civil Society. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Shin, G.-W., Chang, P. Y., Lee, J-e, and Kim, S. (2011). “The Korean Democracy Movement: An Empirical Overview.” In Shin, G.-W. and Chang, P. Y. (eds.). South Korean Social Movements: From Democracy to Civil Society. New York and London: Routledge, ch. 2.Google Scholar

Siavelis, P. (2016). “Crisis of Representation in Chile? The Institutional Connection.” Journal of Politics in Latin America 8, 61–93.Google Scholar

Silbey, J. H. (1967). The Transformation of American Politics, 1840–1860. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar

Silbey, J. H. (1977). A Respectable Minority: The Democratic Party in the Civil War Era, 1860–1868. New York: Norton.Google Scholar

Silbey, J. H. (1991). The American Political Nation, 1838–1893. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Sitkoff, H. (1981). A New Deal for Blacks: The Emergence of Civil Rights as a National Issue: The Depression Decade. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Skocpol, T. (2003). Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Life. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar

Skocpol, T. (2020). “The Elite and Popular Roots of Contemporary Republican Extremism.” In Skocpol, T. and Tervo, C. (eds.) Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 1.Google Scholar

Skocpol, T., and Hertel-Fernandez, A. (2016). “The Koch Network and Republican Party Extremism.” Perspectives on Politics 14: 681–99.Google Scholar

Skocpol, T., and Tervo, C. (eds.) (2020). Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Skocpol, T., and Williamson, V (2011). The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Skowronek, S. (2009). “The Conservative Insurgency and Presidential Power: A Developmental Perspective on the Unitary Executive.” Harvard Law Review 122: 2071–103.Google Scholar

Smelser, N. (1962). The Theory of Collective Behavior. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar

Smith, R. M. (2010). “Understanding the Symbiosis of American Rights and American Racism.” In Huilliung, M. (ed.). America’s Liberal Tradition Reconsidered: The Contested Legacy of Louis Hartz. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 55–89.Google Scholar

Snow, D. A., and Benford, R. D. (1992). “Master Frames and Cycles of Protest.” Frontiers in Social Movement Theory. In Morris, A. and McClurg Mueller, C. (eds.). New Haven, Yale University Press, 133–55.Google Scholar

Snow, D. A., and Bernatzky, C. (2018). “The Coterminous Rise of Right-Wing Populism and Superfluous Populations.” In Fitzi, G., Mackert, J., and Turmer, B. S. (eds.). Populism and the Crisis of Democracy, vol. 1: Concepts and Theory London: Routledge, pp. 130–46.Google Scholar

Snow, D., Soule, S., and Kriesi, H. (eds.) (2004). Blackwell Companion on Social Movements. London: Blackwell-Wiley.Google Scholar

Snow, D., Soule, S., Kriesi, H., and McCammon, H. (eds.) (2018). Blackwell Companion on Social Movements, 2nd ed. London: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar

Somma, N., and Medel, R. (2017). “Shifting Relationships between Social Movements and Institutional Politics.” In Donoso, S. and von Bulow, M. (eds.). Social Movements in Chile: Organizations, Trajectories and Political Consequences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ch. 2.Google Scholar

Soule, S. A., and Davenport, C. (2009). “Velvet Glove, Iron Fist, or Even Hand? Protest Policing in the United States, 1960–1990.” Mobilization 14: 1–22.Google Scholar

Soule, S. A., and Earl, J. (2005). “A Movement Society Evaluated: Collective Protest in the United States, 1960–1986.” Mobilization 10: 345–64.Google Scholar

Spriano, P. (1975). The Occupation of the Factories: Italy, 1920. London: Pluto.Google Scholar

Stone, G. R. (2004). Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime. New York: Norton.Google Scholar

Suh, C. S. (2019). “More than Words: Legal Professional Activism and the Prevention of Torture in South Korea.” Human Rights Quarterly 41: 646–71.Google Scholar

Szymanski, A.-M. E. (2003). Pathways to Prohibition: Radicals, Moderates, and Social Movement Outcomes. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar

Tarrow, S. (1967). Peasant Communism in Southern Italy. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Tarrow, S. (1989). Democracy and Disorder: Protest and Politics in Italy, 1965–1974. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Tarrow, S. (1990). “The Phantom at the Opera: Political Parties and Social Movements in Italy in the 1960s and 1970s.” In Dalton, R. and Kuechler, M. (eds.). Challenging the Political Order. New Haven: Yale University Press, 251–73.Google Scholar

Tarrow, S. (1995). “Mass Mobilization and Regime Change: Pacts, Reform, and Popular Power in Italy, 1918–1922 and Spain, 1975–1978.” In Gunther, R. P., Diamandouris, N., and Puhle, H.-J. (eds.) The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, ch. 6.Google Scholar

Tarrow, S. (2011). Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics, 3rd. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Tarrow, S. (2012). Strangers at the Gates: Movements and States in Contentious Politics. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Tarrow, S. (2015). War, States, and Contention. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Tarrow, S. (2018). “Rhythms of Resistance: The Anti-Trumpian Moment in a Cycle of Contention.” In Meyer, D. S. and Tarrow, S. (eds.). The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, ch. 9.Google Scholar

Taylor, J. H. (1949). “Populism and Disfranchisement in Alabama.” Journal of African American History 34: 410–27.Google Scholar

Taylor, V. (1989). “Social Movement Continuity: The Women’s Movement in Abeyance.” American Sociological Review 54: 761–75.Google Scholar

Teele, D. L. (2018a). Forging the Franchise: The Political Origins of the Women’s Vote. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Teele, D. L. (2018b). “How the West Was Won: Competition, Mobilization, and Women’s Enfranchisement in the United States.” Journal of Politics 80: 442–61.Google Scholar

Teles, S. M. (2008). Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Tervo, C. (2020). “Why Republicans Went Hard Right in North Carolina.” In Skocpol, T. and Tervo, C. (eds.). Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 3.Google Scholar

Tilly, C. (1983). “Speaking Your Mind Without Elections, Surveys, or Social Movements.” Public Opinion Quarterly 47: 461–78.Google Scholar

Tilly, C. (1990). Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1992. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Tilly, C. (1993). European Revolutions, 1492–1992. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Tilly, C. (1995). Popular Contention in Great Britain, 1758–1834. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Tilly, C. (2006). Regimes and Repertoires. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Tilly, C. (2007). Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Tilly, C., and Tarrow, S. (2015). Contentious Politics, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Tilly, C., and Tilly, C. (1998). Work under Capitalism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar

Touraine, A. (1971). The May Movement: Revolt and Reform. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Trefousse, H. L. (1969). The Radical Republicans: Lincoln’s Vanguard for Racial Justice. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar

Trefousse, H. L. (1991). Historical Dictionary of Reconstruction. New York: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar

Trigilia, C. (1986a). Grandi partiti e piccole imprese. Bologna: Il Mulino.Google Scholar

Trigilia, C. (1986b). “Small-Firm Development and Political Subcultures in Italy.” European Sociological Review 2: 161–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Truman, D. (1951). The Governmental Process. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar

Truman, D. (1984–85). “Party Reform, Party Atrophy, and Constitutional Change: Some Reflections.”Political Science Quarterly 99: 637–55.Google Scholar

Tufekci, Z. (2017). Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Tushnet, M. (2004). “Constitutional Hardball.” John Marshall Law Review 37: 523–53.Google Scholar

Vallely, R. M. (2004). The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Vallely, R. M., Mettler, S., and Lieberman, R. (eds.) (2016). Oxford Handbook of American Political Development. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Van Cott, D. L. (2005). Building Inclusive Democracies: Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities in Latin America. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Van Dyke, N., and Meyer, D. S., (eds.) (2014). Understanding the Tea Party Movement. London: Ashgate.Google Scholar

Verhulst, J. (2010). “The World Says No to War.” In Walgrave, S. and Rught, D. (eds.). The World Says No to War: Demonstrations against the War on Iraq. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, ch. 1.Google Scholar

von Bülow, Marisa, and Bidegain, Germán (2015). “It Takes Two to Tango: Students, Political Parties, and Protest in Chile.” In Almeida, Paul and Ulate, Aldo Cordera (eds.). Handbook of Social Movements across Latin America. New York: Springer, ch. 10.Google Scholar

Walgrave, S., and Rucht, D. (eds.) (2010). The World Says No to War: Demonstrations against the War on Iraq. Minneapolis and St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar

Walker, E. (2014). Grassroots for Hire: Public Affairs Consultants in American Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Walton, J., and Seddon, D. (1994). Free Markets and Food Riots: The Politics of Global Adjustment. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Wasow, O. (2020). “Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting.” American Political Science Review 114: 638–59.Google Scholar

Weaver, V. (2007). Frontlash: Race and the Politics of Punishment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Wechsler, B. D. (2002). “Black and White Disenfranchisement: Populism, Race, and Class.” American University Law Review 52: 23–57.Google Scholar

Weingast, B. R. (1998). “Political Stability and Civil War: Institutions, Commitment, and American Democracy.” In Bates, R., A. Greif, M. Levi, J.-L. Rosenthal, and B. R. Weingast, Analytic Narratives. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 148–93.Google Scholar

Weingast, B. R. (2002). “Institutions and Political Commitment: A New Political Economy of the American Civil War,” Stanford CA, unpublished ms.Google Scholar

Weiss, L. (2014). America, Inc? Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Weiss, N. J. (1983). Farewell to the Party of Lincoln: Black Politics in the Age of FDR. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Wills, G. (1992). Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Changed America. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Wilson, J. Q. (1962). The Amateur Democrat: Club Politics in Three Cities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Wineapple, B. (2019). The Impeachers: The Trial of Andrew Johnson and the Dream of a Just Nation. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Winsboro, I. D. S., and Musoke, M. S (2003). “Lead Us Not into Temptation: Race, Rhetoric, and Reality in Southern Populism.” The Historian 65: 1354–76.Google Scholar

Wolters, R. (1970). Negroes and the Great Depression. Westport, CT: Greenwood.Google Scholar

Zald, M. N., and Berger, M. A. (1978). “Social Movements in Organizations: Coup d’Etat, Insurgency, and Mass Movements.” The American Journal of Sociology 83(4): 823–61.Google Scholar

Zald, M. N., and Garner, R. A. (1987). “Social Movement Organizations: Growth, Decay and Change.” In Zald, M. N. and McCarthy, J. (eds.). Social Movements in an Organizational Society: Collected Essays. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, pp. 121–142.Google Scholar

Zald, M. N., and McCarthy, J. (eds.) (1987). Social Movements in an Organizational Society: Collected Essays. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.Google Scholar

Zoorob, M., and Skocpol, T. (2020). “The Overlooked Organizational Basis of Trump’s 2016 Victory.” In Skocpol, T. and Tervo, C. (eds.). Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 4.Google Scholar