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Levodopa–Carbidopa Intestinal Gel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2025

K. Ray Chaudhuri ,
Peter Jenner ,
Valentina Leta ,
Shelley Jones  and
Iro Boura
K. Ray Chaudhuri
Affiliation:
King's College London
Peter Jenner
Affiliation:
King's College London
Valentina Leta
Affiliation:
King's College London
Shelley Jones
Affiliation:
King's College London
Iro Boura
Affiliation:
St. George General Hospital of Chania, Crete, Greece
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Summary

Levodopa (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) has a molecular weight of 197.19 and a molecular formula of C9H11NO4.

Carbidopa ((+)-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-2-hydrazinopropionic acid monohydrate; (–)-l-α-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-α-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate) has a molecular weight of 226.23 and a molecular formula of C10H14N2O4.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Movement Disorders Prescriber's Guide to Parkinson's Disease , pp. 200 - 209
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Suggested Reading

Leta, V, Dafsari, HS, Sauerbier, A, Metta, V, Titova, N, Timmermann, L, Ashkan, K, Samuel, M, Pekkonen, E, Odin, P, Antonini, A, Martinez-Martin, P, Parry, M, van Wamelen, DJ, Ray Chaudhuri, K. Personalised advanced therapies in Parkinson’s disease: the role of non-motor symptoms profile. J Pers Med 2021; 11(8): 773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Titova, N, Ray Chaudhuri, K. Intrajejunal levodopa infusion therapy for Parkinson’s disease: practical and pragmatic tips for successful maintenance of therapy. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17(6): 529–537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

AHFS Drug information, 2012. Bethesda: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Accessed on 12 November 2022 via www.medicinescomplete.com.Google Scholar
Antonini, A, Poewe, W, Chaudhuri, KR, Jech, R, Pickut, B, Pirtošek, Z, Szasz, J, Valldeoriola, F, Winkler, C, Bergmann, L, Yegin, A, Onuk, K, Barch, D, Odin, P; GLORIA study co-investigators. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson’s: Final results of the GLORIA registry. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 45: 13–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaudhuri, KR, Kovács, N, Pontieri, FE, Aldred, J, Bourgeois, P, Davis, TL, Cubo, E, Anca-Herschkovitsch, M, Iansek, R, Siddiqui, MS, Simu, M, Bergmann, L, Ballina, M, Kukreja, P, Ladhani, O, Jia, J, Standaert, DG. Levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson’s disease: DUOGLOBE final 3-year results. J Parkinsons Dis 2023; 13(5): 769–783.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fasano, A, Gurevich, T, Jech, R, Kovács, N, Svenningsson, P, Szász, J, Parra, JC, Bergmann, L, Johnson, A, Sanchez-Soliño, O, Tang, Z, Vela-Desojo, L. Concomitant medication usage with levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel: results from the COSMOS study. Mov Disord 2021; 36(8): 1853–1862.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary (online). London: BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. Accessed on 12 November 2022 via www.medicinescomplete.com.Google Scholar
Levodopa. In: Brayfield, A (Ed.), Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London: The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Accessed on 12 November 2022 via www.medicinescomplete.com.Google Scholar
Levodopa. In: DRUGDEX® System (electronic version). Truven Health Analytics, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA. Accessed on 12 November 2022 via www.micromedexsolutions.com.Google Scholar
Spanaki, C, Boura, I, Avgoustaki, A, Orfanoudaki, E, Giannopoulou, IA, Giakoumakis, E, Chlouverakis, G, Athanasakis, E, Koulentaki, M. Buried bumper syndrome: a common complication of levodopa intestinal infusion for Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 85: 59–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Summary of Product Characteristics – Duodopa intestinal gel. AbbVie Ltd. Electronic Medicines Compendium: Duodopa intestinal gel – summary of product characteristics (SmPC) – (emc). Accessed on 12 November 2022 via www.medicines.org.uk.Google Scholar
Ueno, T, Hanabata, N, Katagai, A, Okudera, R, Arai, A, Tomiyama, M. Phytobezoar associated with levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel infusion in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a case report and literature review. Intern Med 2021; 60(20): 3317–3320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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