Agriculture in northern Asia is more rainfall controlled than seen further south. Changes in temperature were also critical to subsistence strategies in Northern China and Asia. This chapter charts changes in human subsistence patterns over a series of major climatic periods from the end of the last glacial maximum, a period of expansion of farming during the Holocene thermal maximum and a major downturn in temperature and aridification beginning at roughly 4000 y BP, which resulted in a major transition from millet to wheat and barley farming in Northern Asia and on the Tibetan Plateau.