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13 - Clinical Applications of Reporter Gene Technology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2010

Sanjiv Sam Gambhir  and
Shahriar S. Yaghoubi
By
Iván Peñuelas ,
Shahriar S. Yaghoubi ,
Felipe Prósper  and
Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine, California
Shahriar S. Yaghoubi
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine, California
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

For more than a decade, molecular imaging (MI) has increasingly been used to successfully image gene expression in living animals, thus making significant contributions to the field of gene and cellular gene therapy. However, there has been slow progress in translating these technologies into clinical application, even though there is a real need to develop, test, and validate sensitive and reproducible noninvasive imaging methods that could be repeatedly and safely performed in patients undergoing gene therapy.

New molecular biology technologies now permit rapid determination of expression levels of hundreds of genes from minute tissue samples. These technologies combined with the complete sequencing of the human genome have allowed establishment of a molecular signature for many diseases. Nonetheless, gene expression patterns can change during the course of the pathology and in response to therapy. Such modification of gene expression patterns can alter drug sensitivity. Hence, molecular imaging can play a role in monitoring variation of gene expression during treatment.

Molecular imaging is emerging as a noninvasive technology for in vivo mapping of gene expression and provides promising tools for accelerated progress of molecular medicine (for a review see and references therein). Recently the importance of multimodality imaging has been recognized, allowing imaging of gene expression in intact cultured cells up to noninvasive whole-body imaging, both in animal models and in humans.

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Molecular Imaging with Reporter Genes , pp. 297 - 314
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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