The academic discipline of biblical studies has traditionally been one that adopted pioneering methods and insights in the study of religious texts. In the 1970s and 1980s, feminist, literary, and social-scientific modes of criticism were introduced. Since then, the field has also been deeply influenced by postmodern thought. The array of methods emerging in the last quarter of the twentieth century has now been applied for a considerable time, demonstrating both its potential and its limitations. In the meantime a new, interdisciplinary field has emerged in religious studies, one that can also bring fresh insights to the study of biblical literature. Since the academic discipline of biblical studies can be seen “as both a past ancestor of and a present partner within religious studies” (J. Z. Smith 2009), it is only natural that new trends in religious studies have aroused the interest of biblical scholars. What is happening in religious studies carries potential relevance for biblical studies as well.

The contributors to this volume argue that the cognitive science of religion (CSR) provides a new alternative for biblical scholars seeking fresh insights into ancient texts, and into the religious beliefs and practices that shaped those texts. Some initial steps toward applying CSR to biblical and related materials have already been taken (see also Czachesz 2008a).