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9 - Culture Is More Than Self-Reported Motives, Beliefs, and Values: Methodological Advancements of Measuring Implicit Motives across Cultural Contexts

from Part 2 - Individual Differences across Cultures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2021

By
Athanasios Chasiotis ,
Jan Hofer  and
Michael Bender
Edited by
Michael Bender  and
Byron G. Adams
Michael Bender
Affiliation:
Universiteit van Tilburg, The Netherlands
Byron G. Adams
Affiliation:
Universiteit van Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Summary

Motivational psychology distinguishes between self-attributed or explicit motives that are part of people’s self-descriptions and implicit motives that are basically unconscious. Implicit motives are shaped first during ontogeny, have far-reaching consequences for feelings and behavior, and are measured by so-called Picture Story Exercises (PSE) in which participants express personal fantasies without any self-reference or restriction to actual life contexts. We will (a) give reasons why implicit measures have incremental value for cross-cultural investigations, (b) document methodological advances in implicit motive research, and (c) include an overview of current developments. We focus on findings documenting the significance of implicit motives for individuals’ behavior and psychological processes from evolutionary, developmental, and cross-cultural perspectives. We conclude that to improve our understanding and predictions of universal and culture-specific aspects of behavior by individuals’ motives within and across cultural groups, we need to supplement our reliance on self-report measures with implicit measures of motives.

Keywords

implicit motivesexplicit motivesmotive congruenceoperant motive testpicture story exercisethematic content analysis
Type
Chapter
Information
Methods and Assessment in Culture and Psychology , pp. 170 - 197
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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