Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part 1 Perioperative Care of the Surgical Patient
- Part 2 Surgical Procedures and their Complications
- Section 17 General Surgery
- Section 18 Cardiothoracic Surgery
- Section 19 Vascular Surgery
- Section 20 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Section 21 Gynecologic Surgery
- Section 22 Neurologic Surgery
- Section 23 Ophthalmic Surgery
- Section 24 Orthopedic Surgery
- Section 25 Otolaryngologic Surgery
- Chapter 127 Otologic surgery
- Chapter 128 Tympanotomy tubes
- Chapter 129 Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
- Chapter 130 Surgery for obstructive sleep apnea
- Chapter 131 Endoscopic sinus surgery: indications, prognosis, and surgical complications
- Chapter 132 Aesthetic facial plastic surgery
- Chapter 133 Surgical treatment of head and neck cancer
- Chapter 134 Reconstruction after cancer ablation
- Chapter 135 Surgical management of thyroid malignancies
- Chapter 136 Anterior cranial base surgery
- Chapter 137 Acute airway emergencies
- Section 26 Urologic Surgery
- Index
- References
Chapter 135 - Surgical management of thyroid malignancies
from Section 25 - Otolaryngologic Surgery
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 September 2013
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part 1 Perioperative Care of the Surgical Patient
- Part 2 Surgical Procedures and their Complications
- Section 17 General Surgery
- Section 18 Cardiothoracic Surgery
- Section 19 Vascular Surgery
- Section 20 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Section 21 Gynecologic Surgery
- Section 22 Neurologic Surgery
- Section 23 Ophthalmic Surgery
- Section 24 Orthopedic Surgery
- Section 25 Otolaryngologic Surgery
- Chapter 127 Otologic surgery
- Chapter 128 Tympanotomy tubes
- Chapter 129 Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
- Chapter 130 Surgery for obstructive sleep apnea
- Chapter 131 Endoscopic sinus surgery: indications, prognosis, and surgical complications
- Chapter 132 Aesthetic facial plastic surgery
- Chapter 133 Surgical treatment of head and neck cancer
- Chapter 134 Reconstruction after cancer ablation
- Chapter 135 Surgical management of thyroid malignancies
- Chapter 136 Anterior cranial base surgery
- Chapter 137 Acute airway emergencies
- Section 26 Urologic Surgery
- Index
- References
Summary
In 2010, thyroid cancer was estimated to affect 44,670 individuals in the USA, according to data provided by the American Cancer Society; in the same year, 1,690 affected individuals died. The risk of developing thyroid cancer is approximately 1 in 286 or 0.35%. The risk of dying of thyroid cancer is even lower, approximately 1 in 2,500 or 0.04%. Differentiated thyroid cancer incidence is increasing annually at 3–5% per year. This increase is predominantly seen among the smallest thyroid cancers (those less than 2 cm); however, increases have been reported among the largest thyroid cancers as well. The reason for this increase is thought to be mainly due to increased diagnostic scrutiny and imaging for non-thyroid related ailments. However, the rise in incidence rates among the larger thyroid tumors suggests that other mechanisms may be at work.
Differentiated thyroid cancer comprises 90% of all thyroid cancers, and thus the discussion in this chapter will focus on these cancers. These cancers are pathologically defined as papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. The remaining 10% of thyroid cancers include medullary, anaplastic, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and lymphoma. Papillary thyroid cancers have a strong predilection to produce lymph node metastases. Follicular thyroid cancer tends to metastasize by hematogenous spread. Radiation exposure is the single highest risk factor in the development of thyroid cancer; however, more research has identified other molecular changes such as in the bRAF protein that leads to thyroid carcinogenesis. Approximately 45% of papillary thyroid cancers exhibit mutations of the bRAF protein. Research into the molecular changes necessary for development of differentiated thyroid cancer is ongoing.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Medical Management of the Surgical PatientA Textbook of Perioperative Medicine, pp. 777 - 779Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2013