Background Information for Speakers on the Emergency and Anti-Bandit Month (Kuala Lumpur: Dept. of Public Relations, Feb. 1950 [multilingual]).Google Scholar

Briggs, Lt.-Gen. Sir Harold, ‘Report on the Emergency in Malaya from April 1950 to November 1951’, copy in Air20/7777.Google Scholar

Director of Operations (Lt.-Gen. Sir Roger Bower), ‘Review of the Emergency in Malaya from June 1948 to August 1957’, 12 September 1957, copy in Air20/10377.Google Scholar

Director of Operations, The Conduct of Anti-Terrorist Operations (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office, 1958 [first published 1952]). Available at Wo279/241.Google Scholar

Federal Legislative Council Paper No. 3 of 1949, ‘Report of Committee Appointed by His Excellency the High Commissioner to Investigate the Squatter Problem’.Google Scholar

Federal Legislative Council Paper 14 of 1950, ‘The Squatter Problem in the Federation of Malaya in 1950’, available in Co717/201/1, 71–86.Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya 24 of 1953, ‘Detention and Deportation During the Emergency in the Federation of Malaya’, available in Co1022/132.Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Annual Report on the Malayan Union 1947 (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printers, 1949).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Annual Report on the Federation of Malaya 1948 (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printers, 1949).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Federation of Malaya Annual Report 1953 (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office, 1954).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Federation of Malaya Annual Report 1954 (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office, 1955).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Resettlement and the Development of New Villages in the Federation of Malaya, 1952 (Legislative Council Paper No. 33 of June 1952).Google Scholar

Report on the Conduct of Food Searches at Semenyih in the Kajang District of Selangor (Kuala Lumpur: Government Press, 1956).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya Constitutional Commission, Report of the Federation of Malaya Constitutional Commission (London: HMSO, 1957).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya Department of Public Relations, Background Information and Material for Speakers on the Emergency and Anti-Bandit Month (Kuala Lumpur: Department of Public Relations, February 1950).Google Scholar

Forster, Lt.-Col. J. M., Operational Research Unit (Far East), ‘A Comparative Study of the Emergencies in Malaya and Kenya’, available in Wo291/1670.Google Scholar

Local Defence Committee Malaya, ‘A Paper on the Strategical and Tactical Measures Required to Deal with the Internal Security Threat … ’, 8 Oct. 1948; and ‘A Paper on the Dimension and Nature of the Security Problem … ’, 16 Sept. 1948, both in Co537/3688.Google Scholar

Ritchie, Gen. Sir Neil, ‘Report on Operations in Malaya, June 1948 to July 1949, 6 Sept. 1949. Available in Wo106/5884 (known as the ‘Ritchie Report’ in the footnotes).Google Scholar

State of Singapore Annual Report 1959 (Singapore: Government Printing Office, 1960).Google Scholar

United States Department of the Army/US Marines, FM3–24, Counterinsurgency (2006). https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-24fd.pdf.Google Scholar

War Office, Imperial Policing and Duties in Aid of the Civil Power (1949). Available in Co537/5068.Google Scholar

Most English-speaking Singapore and Malaysian daily newspapers referred to below can be accessed online via the National Library of Singapore website: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/ (henceforth NLS-N). When citing I have tried to give just enough of the headline to be able to find the cited piece using their search engine. Most Singapore and Malaysian journals can be accessed at the National Library and the National University of Singapore Library’s Malaya–Singapore collection (henceforth MSC).Google Scholar

Background Information for Speakers on the Emergency and Anti-Bandit Month (Kuala Lumpur: Dept. of Public Relations, Feb. 1950 [multilingual]).Google Scholar

Briggs, Lt.-Gen. Sir Harold, ‘Report on the Emergency in Malaya from April 1950 to November 1951’, copy in Air20/7777.Google Scholar

Director of Operations (Lt.-Gen. Sir Roger Bower), ‘Review of the Emergency in Malaya from June 1948 to August 1957’, 12 September 1957, copy in Air20/10377.Google Scholar

Director of Operations, The Conduct of Anti-Terrorist Operations (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office, 1958 [first published 1952]). Available at Wo279/241.Google Scholar

Federal Legislative Council Paper No. 3 of 1949, ‘Report of Committee Appointed by His Excellency the High Commissioner to Investigate the Squatter Problem’.Google Scholar

Federal Legislative Council Paper 14 of 1950, ‘The Squatter Problem in the Federation of Malaya in 1950’, available in Co717/201/1, 71–86.Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya 24 of 1953, ‘Detention and Deportation During the Emergency in the Federation of Malaya’, available in Co1022/132.Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Annual Report on the Malayan Union 1947 (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printers, 1949).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Annual Report on the Federation of Malaya 1948 (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printers, 1949).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Federation of Malaya Annual Report 1953 (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office, 1954).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Federation of Malaya Annual Report 1954 (Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office, 1955).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya, Resettlement and the Development of New Villages in the Federation of Malaya, 1952 (Legislative Council Paper No. 33 of June 1952).Google Scholar

Report on the Conduct of Food Searches at Semenyih in the Kajang District of Selangor (Kuala Lumpur: Government Press, 1956).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya Constitutional Commission, Report of the Federation of Malaya Constitutional Commission (London: HMSO, 1957).Google Scholar

Federation of Malaya Department of Public Relations, Background Information and Material for Speakers on the Emergency and Anti-Bandit Month (Kuala Lumpur: Department of Public Relations, February 1950).Google Scholar

Forster, Lt.-Col. J. M., Operational Research Unit (Far East), ‘A Comparative Study of the Emergencies in Malaya and Kenya’, available in Wo291/1670.Google Scholar

Local Defence Committee Malaya, ‘A Paper on the Strategical and Tactical Measures Required to Deal with the Internal Security Threat … ’, 8 Oct. 1948; and ‘A Paper on the Dimension and Nature of the Security Problem … ’, 16 Sept. 1948, both in Co537/3688.Google Scholar

Ritchie, Gen. Sir Neil, ‘Report on Operations in Malaya, June 1948 to July 1949, 6 Sept. 1949. Available in Wo106/5884 (known as the ‘Ritchie Report’ in the footnotes).Google Scholar

State of Singapore Annual Report 1959 (Singapore: Government Printing Office, 1960).Google Scholar

United States Department of the Army/US Marines, FM3–24, Counterinsurgency (2006). https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-24fd.pdf.Google Scholar

War Office, Imperial Policing and Duties in Aid of the Civil Power (1949). Available in Co537/5068.Google Scholar

Most English-speaking Singapore and Malaysian daily newspapers referred to below can be accessed online via the National Library of Singapore website: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/ (henceforth NLS-N). When citing I have tried to give just enough of the headline to be able to find the cited piece using their search engine. Most Singapore and Malaysian journals can be accessed at the National Library and the National University of Singapore Library’s Malaya–Singapore collection (henceforth MSC).Google Scholar

Abdullah, C. D., The Memoirs of Abdullah C.D. (Part One): The Movement until 1948 (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2009).Google Scholar

Abraham, Collin, ‘The Finest Hour’: The Malaysian-MCP Peace Accord in Perspective (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2006).Google Scholar

Cheng, Ah [Shan Ruhong @ Ah Hai], Wo jianfu de shiming: Magong zhongyang zhengzhiju weiyuan A Cheng huiyilu zhi si [My Mission – Vol. 4 of the Memoirs of the MCP Politburo Member Ah Cheng] (Kuala Lumpur: Ershiyi shiji chubanshe, 2007).Google Scholar

Allen, Charles, Tales from the South China Seas (London: Faber, 1984).Google Scholar

Ampalavanar, Rajeswary, The Indian Minority and Political Change in Malaya, 1945–1957 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981).Google Scholar

Anderson, David, Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire (London: W.W. Norton, 2005).Google Scholar

Andrew, Herbert, Who Won the Malayan Emergency (Singapore: Graham Brash, 1995).Google Scholar

Annuar, Nik Mahmud, Tunku Abdul Rahman and his Role in the Baling Talks: A Documentary History (Kuala Lumpur: Memorial Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, Arkib Negara Malaysia, 1998).Google Scholar

Anthony, Dave, Kaatu Perumal: Folk Hero of Sungei Siput, An Oral History (Ipoh: Parsosma Enterprise, 2015).Google Scholar

Arditti, Roger C., Counterinsurgency, Intelligence and the Emergency in Malaya (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).Google Scholar

Arditti, Roger C. and Davies, Philip H. J., ‘Rethinking the Rise and Fall of the Malayan Security Service, 1946–1948’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 43, 2 (2015), 292–316.Google Scholar

Arifin, Azmi, ‘Local Historians and the Historiography of Malay Nationalism 1945–57: The British, the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) and the Malay Left’, Kajian Malaysia 32, 1 (2014), 1–35.Google Scholar

Arifin, Azmi, ‘Darurat atau “Perang Kolonial” 1948 di Tanah Melayu: Satu Perbahasan Berdasarkan Beberapa Aliran Pemikiran dan Perspektif’ [‘Emergency or “Colonial War” 1948 in Malaya: A Debate Based on Several Schools of Thought and Perspectives’], Kemanusiaan: The Asian Journal of Humanities 26, 2 (2019), 53–80.Google Scholar

Choon, Ban Kah, Absent History: The Untold Story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore, 1915–1942 (Singapore: Raffles, 2001).Google Scholar

Bannister, Colin, An Inch of Bravery: 3 RAR in the Malayan Emergency, 1957–59 (Canberra: Directorate of Army Public Affairs,1994).Google Scholar

Barber, Noel, War of the Running Dogs: Malaya 1948–1960 (London: Arrow, 1989 [first published 1971]).Google Scholar

Barber, Noel, The Natives Were Friendly (London: Macmillan, 1977).Google Scholar

Bayly, Christopher and Harper, Tim, The Forgotten Wars: The End of Britain’s Empire in Asia (London: Allen Lane, 2007).Google Scholar

Belle, Carl V., Tragic Orphans: Indians in Malaya (Singapore: ISEAS, 2015).Google Scholar

Belogurova, Anna, ‘The Chinese International of Nationalities: The Chinese Communist Party, the Comintern, and the Foundation of the Malayan National Communist Party, 1923–1939’, Global History 9, 3 (2014), 447–70.Google Scholar

Belogurova, Anna, The Nanyang Revolution: The Comintern and Chinese Networks in Southeast Asia, 1890–1957 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019).Google Scholar

Bennett, Huw, ‘Minimum Force in British Counterinsurgency’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 21, 3 (2010), 459–75.Google Scholar

Bennett, Huw, ‘“A Very Salutary Effect”: The Counter-Terror Strategy in the Early Malayan Emergency, June 1948 to December 1949’, Journal of Strategic Studies 32, 3 (2009), 415–44.Google Scholar

Bennett, Huw, Fighting the Mau Mau: The British Army and Counter-Insurgency in the Kenya Emergency (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Black, Jeremy, Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: A Global History (London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016).Google Scholar

Blackburn, Kevin and Hack, Karl, War Memory and the Making of Modern Malaysia and Singapore (Singapore: NUS Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Blackburn, Kevin and Zonglun, Wu, Decolonizing the History Curriculum in Malaysia and Singapore (London: Routledge, 2019).Google Scholar

Boot, Max, The Road Not Taken: Edward Lansdale and the American Tragedy in Vietnam (London: Zeus, 2018).Google Scholar

Bourgeois, Philippe, ‘The Power of Violence in War and Peace: Post Cold-War Lessons from El Salvador’, Ethnography 2, 1 (2001), 5–34.Google Scholar

Brimmel, J. H., A Short History of the Malayan Communist Party (Singapore: Donald Moore Press, 1956).Google Scholar

Caldwell, Malcolm, ‘From “Emergency” to “Independence”’, in Amin, Mohamed and Caldwell, Malcolm (ed.), Malaya: The Making of a Neo-Colony (Nottingham: Spokesman, 1977), 216–65.Google Scholar

Callwell, Charles, Small Wars: Their Principles and Practice (London: HMSO, 1906).Google Scholar

Calvert, Michael, Fighting Mad: One Man’s Guerrilla War (Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2004).Google Scholar

Campbell, Arthur, Jungle Green (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1953).Google Scholar

Carey, Iskandar, Orang Asli: Aboriginal Tribes of Peninsular Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1976).Google Scholar

Kheng, Cheah Boon, From PKI to the Comintern, 1921–1941: The Apprenticeship of the Malayan Communist Party (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Kheng, Cheah Boon, ‘The Communist Insurgency in Malaysia, 1948–90: Contesting the Nation-State and Social Change’, New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 11, 1 (2009), 132–52.Google Scholar

Kheng, Cheah Boon, Red Star over Malaya: Resistance and Social Conflict during and after the Japanese Occupation of Malaya, 1941–1946 (Singapore: NUS Press, 2012 [first published 1983]).Google Scholar

Chin, Aloysius, The Communist Party of Malaya: The Inside Story (Kuala Lumpur: Vinpress, 1995).Google Scholar

Chin, C. C., ‘Re-Examining the 1948 Revolt of the Malayan Communist Party in Malaya’, Kajian Malaysia 27, 1–2 (2009) [Special Edition on 1948 Insurgencies], 11–38.Google Scholar

Chin, C. C. (ed.), Eu Chooi Yip: Inside the Malayan Communist Party, An Oral History Interview (Singapore: Learning Press, 2020).Google Scholar

Chin, C. C. and Hack, Karl (eds.), Dialogues with Chin Peng: New Light on the Malayan Communist Party (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Peng, Chin, with Ward, Ian and Miraflor, Norma, Alias Chin Peng: My Side of History (Singapore: Media Masters, 2003).Google Scholar

Cleaveland, Norman, Bang! Bang! In Ampang: Dredging Tin During Malaya’s Emergency (San Pedro, CA: Symcon, 1973).Google Scholar

Cloake, John, Templer: Tiger of Malaya (London: Harrap, 1985).Google Scholar

Clutterbuck, Richard, The Long, Long War: The Malayan Emergency 1948–1960 (London: Cassell, 1967).Google Scholar

Clutterbuck, Richard, Conflict and Violence in Singapore and Malaysia, 1945–1983 (Singapore: Graham Brash, 1984 [first published 1977]).Google Scholar

Coates, John, Suppressing Insurgency: An Analysis of the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1954 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Comber, Leon, Malaya’s Secret Police 1945–1960: The Role of the Special Branch in the Malayan Emergency (Singapore: ISEAS, 2008).Google Scholar

Comber, Leon, ‘The Origins of the Cold War in Southeast Asia: The Case of the Communist Party of Malaya (1948–1960) – A Special Branch Perspective’, Kajian Malaysia 27, 1 & 2 (2009), 39–60.Google Scholar

Comber, Leon, ‘Traitor of All Traitors – Secret Agent Extraordinaire: Lai Teck’, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 83, 2 (2010), 1–26.Google Scholar

Comber, Leon, Templer and the Road to Malayan Independence: The Man and His Time (Singapore: ISEAS, 2015).Google Scholar

Concannon, T. A. L., ‘A New Town in Malaya: Petaling Jaya’, Malayan Journal of Tropical Geography 5 (1955), 39–43.Google Scholar

Connor, Steve and Thomas, Andy, ‘How Britain Sprayed Malaya with Dioxin’, New Scientist, 19 Jan. 1984, 6–7.Google Scholar

Cormac, Rory, Confronting the Colonies: British Intelligence and Counterinsurgency (London: Hurst, 2013).Google Scholar

Cross, John P., Operation Janus (Leicester: Monsoon, 2017).Google Scholar

Deane-Drummond, Anthony, Arrows of Fortune (London: Leo Cooper, 1992).Google Scholar

Dennis, Peter and Grey, Jeffrey, Emergency and Confrontation: Australian Military Operations in Malaya and Borneo 1950–1966. Vol. 5 of The Official History of Australia’s Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975 (St Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1996).Google Scholar

Dentan, Robert Knox, Semai: A Nonviolent People of Malaya (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968).Google Scholar

Dentan, Robert Knox, Overwhelming Terror: Love, Fear, Peace and Violence among the Semai of Malaysia (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008).Google Scholar

Dentan, Robert Knox, Endicott, Kirk, Gomes, Alberto and Hooker, M. B., Malaysia and its Original People (London: Allyn and Bacon, 1997).Google Scholar

Director of Operations, The Conduct of Anti-Terrorist Operations (St. Petersburg, FL: Hailer, 2006 [republication of 1958 edition, which was restricted to defence use only]).Google Scholar

Dixon, Rob, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Drohan, Brian, Brutality in an Age of Human Rights: Activism and Counterinsurgency at the End of the British Empire (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Efimova, Larisa, ‘Did the Soviet Union Instruct the Southeast Asian Communists to Revolt?’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, 3 (2009), 449–70.Google Scholar

Elkins, Caroline, Britain’s Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya (London: Jonathan Cape, 2005).Google Scholar

Fallon, Stephen J., ‘Mind Games from Above: The Use of Psychological Warfare and Direct Propaganda at the Turning Point of the Malayan Emergency, 1952–1954’, Small Wars Journal (2011). https://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/journal/docs-temp/774-fallon.pdf.Google Scholar

Joseph M, Fernando., The Alliance Road to Independence (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Joseph M, Fernando., ‘Elite Intercommunal Bargaining and Conflict Resolution: The Role of the Communities Liaison Committee in Malaya, 1949–51’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 43, 2 (2012), 280–301.Google Scholar

Fernando, Joseph M., Rahman, Zulkanain Abdul and Ghazali, Abdullah Zakaria, E.E.C. Thuraisingham: A Malaysian Patriot (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2013).Google Scholar

French, David, The British Way in Counter-Insurgency, 1945–1967 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Galtung, John, ‘Violence, Peace, Research’, Journal of Peace Research 6, 3 (1969), 167–91.Google Scholar

Goodman, Joshua, ‘Shirking the Briggs Plan: Civilian Resistance to Reform and the Army’s Struggle for Control in Malaya, 1950–1952’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History (2021). doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2021.1883244.Google Scholar

Gregorian, Raffi, ‘“Jungle Bashing” in Malaya’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 5, 3 (1994), 338–59.Google Scholar

Gregorian, Raffi, The British Army, the Gurkhas and Cold War Strategies in the Far East, 1947–1954 (London: Palgrave, 2002).Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘British Intelligence and Counter-Insurgency: The Example of Malaya’, Intelligence and National Security 14, 2 (1999), 124–55.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘ Corpses, Prisoners of War and Captured Documents: British and Communist Narratives of the Malayan Emergency, and the Dynamics of Intelligence Transformation’, Intelligence and National Security 14, 4 (1999), 211–41.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘“Iron Claws on Malaya”: The Historiography of the Malayan Emergency’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 30, 1 (1999), 99–125.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, Defence and Decolonisation in Southeast Asia: Britain, Malaya and Singapore, 1941–1968 (Richmond: Curzon, 2001).Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘The Long March to Peace of the Malayan Communist Party in Southern Thailand’, in Montesanto, Michael and Jory, Patrick (eds.), Thai South and Malay North (Singapore: NUS Press, 2008), 173–200.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘The Malayan Emergency as Counter-insurgency Paradigm’, Journal of Strategic Studies 32, 3 (2009), 405–409.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘The Origins of the Asian Cold War: Malaya 1948’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, 3 (2009), 471–97.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘Negotiating with the Malayan Communist Party, 1948–89’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 39, 4 (2011), 607–32.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘Everyone Lived in Fear: Malaya and the British Way of Counter-Insurgency’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 23, 4–5 (2012), 671–99.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘Detention, Deportation and Resettlement: British Counterinsurgency and Malaya’s Rural Chinese, 1948–60’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 43, 4 (2015), 611–40.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘Tropical Transitions in Counter-Insurgency: From Malayan Emergency to Post-Colonial Partnership’, in Johnson, Robert and Clack, Timothy (ed.), At the End of Military Intervention: Historical, Theoretical, and Applied Approaches to Transition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 61–85.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘“Devils that Suck the Blood of the Malayan People”: The Case for Post-Revisionist Analysis of Counter-Insurgency Violence’, War in History 25, 2 (2018), 202–26.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl and Wade, Geoff, ‘Introduction: The Origins of the Southeast Asian Cold War’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, 3 (2009), 441–8.Google Scholar

Fan, Hai, ‘Page 691 of History’. https://newnaratif.com/page-691-of-history/.Google Scholar

Hale, Christopher, Massacre in Malaya: Exposing Britain’s My Lai (Stroud: The History Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Suyin, Han, My House Has Two Doors (London: Granta, 1982).Google Scholar

Suyin, Han, Rain My Drink (Singapore: Monsoon, 2013 [first published 1956]).Google Scholar

Hancock, Vincent, Legends of the Dragonfly: Fighting the Malayan Communists during the Malayan Emergency (self-published, 2020).Google Scholar

Fuljio, Hara, The MCP as Recorded in the Comintern Files (Singapore: ISEAS, 2016).Google Scholar

Harper, , Tim, ‘The Politics of the Forest’, Modern Asian Studies 31, 1 (1997), 1–29.Google Scholar

Harper, Tim, The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).Google Scholar

Harrison, Simon, Dark Trophies: Hunting and the Enemy Body in Modern War (New York: Berghahn, 2012).Google Scholar

Hatton, Tim, Tock Tock Birds: A Spider in the Web of International Terrorism (Lewes: The Book Guild, 2004).Google Scholar

Hazelton, Jacqueline L., ‘The “Hearts and Minds” Fallacy: Violence, Coercion, and Success in Counterinsurgency Warfare’, International Security 42, 1 (Summer 2017), 80–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hembry, , Boris, Malayan Spymaster: Memoirs of a Rubber Planter, Bandit, Fighter and Spy (Singapore: Monsoon, 2011).Google Scholar

Koon, Heng Pek, Chinese Politics in Malaysia: A History of the Malaysian Chinese Association (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1988).Google Scholar

Ling, Ho Hui, Darurat 1948–1960: Keadaan Sosial di Tanah Melayu [The Malayan Emergency, 1948–1960: Social Conditions in Malaya] (Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya, 2004).Google Scholar

Ling, Ho Hui, Pembanterasan Komunis di Tanah Melayu [The Defeat of Communism in Malaya] (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Fook, Ho Thean, Tainted Glory (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Hughes, James, ‘Frank Kitson in Northern Ireland and the “British Way” of Counterinsurgency’, History Ireland 22, 1 (2014), 44–8.Google Scholar

Hughes, Matthew, ‘The Banality of Brutality: British Armed Forces and the Repression of the Arab Revolt in Palestine, 1936–39’, The English Historical Review 124, 507 (2009), 313–54.Google Scholar

Hughes, Matthew (ed.), ‘British Ways of Counter-Insurgency: A Historical Perspective’, Special Issue of Small Wars and Insurgencies 23, 4–5 (2012), 577–807.Google Scholar

Tadin, Ishak bin, ‘Dato Onn and Malay Nationalism’, Journal of Southeast Asian History 1, 2 (1960), 56–88.Google Scholar

Jackson, Robert, The Malayan Emergency and Indonesian Confrontation (Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2014).Google Scholar

Jeffreys, Alan and Rose, Patrick, The Indian Army, 1939–47: Experience and Development (London: Routledge, 2012).Google Scholar

Jenkins, Peter and Jenkins, Waveney, The Planter’s Bungalow (Singapore: Edm, 2007).Google Scholar

Jones, Tim, ‘The British Army and Counter-Guerrilla Warfare in Transition, 1944–1952’, Small Wars and Insurgencies 7, 3 (1996), 265–308.Google Scholar

Jumper, Roy, Death Waits in the Dark: the Senoi Praaq (London: Greenwood, 2001).Google Scholar

Kathigasu, Sybil, No Dram of Mercy (London: Neville Spearman, 1954).Google Scholar

Kenneison, Rebecca, The Special Operations Executive in Malaya (London: Bloomsbury, 2019).Google Scholar

Khoo, Agnes, Life As the River Flows: Women in the Malayan Anti-Colonial Struggle (Monmouth: Merlin, 2007).Google Scholar

Khoo, Salma Nasution and Lubis, Abdur-Razzaq, Kinta Valley: Pioneering Malaysia’s Modern Development (Ipoh: Perak Academy, 2005).Google Scholar

Khor, Neil, Isa, Mariana and Kaur, Maganjeet, The Towns of Malaya (Kuala Lumpur: Edm, 2017).Google Scholar

Kitson, Frank, Low Intensity Operations: Subversion, Insurgency, Peace-Keeping (London: Faber and Faber, 1971).Google Scholar

Soong, Kua Kia, Patriots and Pretenders: The Malayan Peoples’ Independence Struggle (Petaling Jaya: Suaram, 2011).Google Scholar

Kuok, Robert, Robert Kuok: A Memoir (Singapore: Landmark Books, 2017).Google Scholar

Swee, Lam, My Accusation (Kuala Lumpur: Benar Publications, 1951).Google Scholar

Leary, John, Violence and the Dream People: The Orang Asli in the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1960 (Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1995).Google Scholar

Leary, John, ‘The Asal Protection Corps’, The RUSI Journal 149, 6 (2004), 70–5.Google Scholar

Hing, Lee Kam, ‘A Neglected Story: Christian Missionaries, Chinese New Villagers and Communists in the Battle for “Hearts and Minds” in Malaya, 1948–1960’, Modern Asian Studies 47, 6 (2013), 1977–2006.Google Scholar

Hui, Lee Ting, The Open United Front: The Communist Struggle in Singapore, 1954–1966 (Singapore: South Seas Society, 1996).Google Scholar

Leng, Lim Cheng, The Story of a Psy-warrior: Tan Sri C.C. Too (Batu Caves: Lim Cheng Leng, c.2000).Google Scholar

Leng, Lim Cheng and Lee, Khor Eng, Waging an Unwinnable War: The Communist Insurgency in Malaysia (1948–1989) (Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, 2016).Google Scholar

Yan, Lin [Wang Jun Yong], Rainbow: An Epic Story of Heroic Fighters for Independence (Labis, Johor: Huaie Lie Enterprise, 2013 [first published in Chinese in 2001; named after Wanda Wasilewska’s (Vanda Vasilevskaya) socialist realist novel Tecza (The Rainbow, 1942), about Ukrainian villagers terrorised by occupying Germans]).Google Scholar

Chin, Low Choo, ‘The Repatriation of the Chinese as a Counter-Insurgency Policy during the Malayan Emergency’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 45, 3 (2014), 363–92.Google Scholar

Chin, Low Choo and Ismail, Sah-Hadiyatan, ‘The Unwelcome Consuls: The Contested Appointment of Chinese Consuls in Colonial Malaya’, Kemanusiaan 22, 1 (2015), 75–99.Google Scholar

Lovell, Julia, Maoism: A Global History (London: The Bodley Head, 2019).Google Scholar

Lyttelton, Oliver (Viscount Chandos), The Memoirs of Lord Chandos (London: The Bodley Head, 1962).Google Scholar

Mackay, Col. J. N., History of the 7th Duke of Edinburgh’s Own Gurkha Rifles (London: William Blackwood, 1962).Google Scholar

Mackenzie, Alastair, Special Force: The Untold Story of 22nd Special Air Service Regiment (SAS) (London: I.B. Tauris, 2011).Google Scholar

Musa, Mahani, ‘Women in the Malayan Communist Party, 1942–1989’ Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 44, 2 (2013), 226–49.Google Scholar

Musa, Mahani, ‘Women, Jungle and Motherhood’, Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific 36 (2014). http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue36/musa.htm.Google Scholar

Musa, Mahani, ‘“I Want to Live”: Malayan Communist Party Struggles as Seen by Female Defectors’, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 94 (Part 1), 320 (2020), 75–100.Google Scholar

Marx, Karl, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon (Chicago, IL: Charles H. Kerr, 1913 [first published 1852]).Google Scholar

McGuire, Thomas, ‘Interrogation and “Psychological Intelligence”: The Construction of Propaganda during the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1958’, in Andrew, Christopher and Tobia, Simona (eds.), Interrogation in War and Conflict (London: Routledge, 2014), 135–52.Google Scholar

McLane, Charles, Soviet Strategies in Southeast Asia: An Exploration of Eastern Policy under Lenin and Stalin (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966).Google Scholar

McVey, Ruth Y., The Calcutta Conferences and the Southeast Asian Uprisings (Ithaca, NY: Department of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University, 1958).Google Scholar

Miers, Richard, Shoot to Kill (London: Faber, 1959).Google Scholar

Miller, Sergio, ‘The Myth of Hearts and Minds’, Small Wars Journal (2012). https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/malaya-the-myth-of-hearts-and-minds.Google Scholar

Mockaitis, Thomas, British Counterinsurgency 1919–1960 (London: Macmillan, 1990).Google Scholar

Mockaitis, Thomas, ‘The Minimum Force Debate: Contemporary Sensibilities Meet Imperial Practice’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 4–5 (2012), 762–81.Google Scholar

Mockford, Wing Cdr. Mike and others, RAF Historical Journal 21 (2000). www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/research/RAF-Historical-Society-Journals/Journal-21-Seminar-Malaya-Korea-Kuwait-1961.pdf.Google Scholar

Lamry, Mohamed Salleh, Gerakan Kiri Melayu Dalam Perjuangan Kemerdekaan [The Malay Left in the Struggle for Independence] (Bangi, Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2006).Google Scholar

Salleh Lamry, Mohamed, Siti Norkiah Mahmud: Srikandi dari Pahang Utara [Siti Norkiah Mahmud: Heroine from North Pahang] (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2011).Google Scholar

Lamry, Mohamed Salleh, ‘A History of the Tenth Regiment’s Struggles’, Inter-Asia Cultural Struggles 16, 1 (2015), 42–55.Google Scholar

Morgan, Michael, ‘The Rise and Fall of Malayan Trade Unionism, 1945–50’, in Amin, Mohamed and Caldwell, Malcolm (ed.), Malaya, the Making of a Neo Colony (Nottingham: Spokesman Books, 1977), 150–98.Google Scholar

Nagl, John, Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Norton, John, ‘The Ulu Caledonian Rubber Estate Ambush’, The Journal [published by the Regimental Association of the Queen’s Own Buffs] 21 (2011), 41–6.Google Scholar

Nove, Alec, ‘Stalin and Stalinism’, in Alec Nove, (ed.), The Stalin Phenomenon (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1993).Google Scholar

Nyce, Ray, Chinese New Villages in Malaya: A Community Study (Kuala Lumpur: Sociological Research Institute, 1973).Google Scholar

Chong, Ong Wei, Voice of the Malayan Revolution (Singapore: NTU, IDSS Paper 116, 2006), 13. www.files.ethz.ch/isn/27166/WP116.pdf.Google Scholar

Chong, Ong Wei, Malaysia’s Defeat of Armed Communism: The Second Emergency, 1968–89 (London: Routledge, 2015).Google Scholar

Beng, Ooi Kee, As Empires Fell: The Life and Times of Lee Hau-Shik, the First Finance Minister of Malaya (Singapore: ISEAS, 2020).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Opper, Marc, People’s Wars in China, Malaya, and Vietnam (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019).Google Scholar

Owens, Patricia, Economy of Force: Counterinsurgency and the Historical Rise of the Social (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Parkinson, Anne and Parkinson, C. Northcote, Heroes of Malaya (Singapore: Donald Moore, 1956).Google Scholar

Parkinson, C. Northcote, Templer in Malaya (Singapore: Donald Moore, 1954).Google Scholar

Pennycuick, K., ‘Army Operational Research in the Far East, 1952/54’, Operational Research Quarterly 5, 4 (1954), 120–9.Google Scholar

Perea, Judith and Thomas, Andy, ‘This Horrible Natural Experiment’, New Scientist, 18 Apr. 1985, 34–6.Google Scholar

Kai, Poh Soo, Quee, Tan Jing and Yew, Koh Kay (eds.), The Fajar Generation: The University Socialist Club and the Politics of Postwar Malaya and Singapore (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2010).Google Scholar

Porch, Douglas, Counterinsurgency: Exposing the Myths of the New Way of War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Postgate, Malcolm, Operation Firedog: Air Support in the Malayan Emergency (London: HMSO, 1992).Google Scholar

Purcell, Victor, Malaya: Communist or Free? (London: Victor Gollancz, 1954).Google Scholar

Pye, Lucien, Guerrilla Communism in Malaya (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1956).Google Scholar

Raj, J. J., Jr, The Struggle for Malaysian Independence (Petaling Jaya: MPH, 2007).Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, ‘Transmogrifying’ Malaya: The Impact of Sir Gerald Templer (1952–1954)’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32, 1 (2001), 79–92.Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, Emergency Propaganda: The Winning of Malayan Hearts and Minds, 1945–1958 (Richmond: Curzon, 2002).Google Scholar

Kumar, Ramakrishna (ed.), Freedom News: The Untold Story of the Communist Underground Publication (Singapore: Rajaratnam School of International Affairs, 2008).Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, ‘“Bribing the Reds to Give Up”: Rewards Policy in the Malayan Emergency’, War in History 9, 3 (2009),332–63.Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, Original Sin? Revising the Revisionist Critique of the 1963 Operation Coldstore in Singapore (Singapore: ISEAS, 2015).Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, Emergency (Singapore: IPS and Straits Times, 2015).Google Scholar

Ramasamy, Palanisamy, ‘Indian War Memory in Malaysia’, in Lim, Patricia and Wong (eds.), Diana, War Memory in Malaysia and Singapore (Singapore: ISEAS, 2001), 90–105.Google Scholar

RAND, ‘Counterinsurgency, A Symposium’, 16–20 April 1962. www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R412-1.html.Google Scholar

Maidin, Rashid, The Memoirs of Rashid Maidin: From Armed Struggle to Peace (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2005).Google Scholar

Ratanachaya, Gen. Kitti, Dato, The Communist Party of Malaya, Malaysia and Thailand: Truce Talks Ending the Armed Struggle of the Communist Party (Bangkok: Duangkaew, 1996).Google Scholar

Renick, Rhoderick dhu, “The Emergency Regulations of Malaya Causes and Effect”, Journal of Southeast Asian History 6, 2 (1965), 1–39.Google Scholar

Rooney, David, Mad Mike: A Life of Brigadier Michael Calvert (London: Leo Cooper, 1977).Google Scholar

Salvage, Jane, Rowson, Michael, Melf, Klaus and Sandøy, Ingveld (eds.), The Medical Peace Work Textbook: Course 4: Structural Violence and the Underlying Causes of Violent Conflict, 2nd ed. (London: Medact, 2012).Google Scholar

Samuel, Moses and Khan, Mahmud Hasan, ‘Construction of Nationhood through Education in Malaya: Revisiting the Barnes and Fenn-Wu Reports’, Asia Pacific Journal of Education 33, 3 (2013), 249–60.Google Scholar

Second Battalion Scots Guards Tour in Malaya, 1948–1951 (Kuala Lumpur: Caxton Press, 1951).Google Scholar

Fakeh, Shamsiah, The Memoirs of Shamsiah Fakeh: From AWAS to 10th Regiment (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2009).Google Scholar

Ruhong, Shan [see also A. Cheng], The War in the South: The Story of Negri Sembilan’s Guerrillas (Bangkok: Mental Health Publishing, 2003).Google Scholar

Shaw, Alexander Nicholas, ‘MI5 and the Cold War in South-East Asia: Examining the Performance of Security Intelligence Far East (SIFE)’, Intelligence and National Security 32, 6 (2017), 797–816.Google Scholar

Shennan, Margaret, Our Man in Malaya (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2007).Google Scholar

Short, Anthony, In Pursuit of the Mountain Rats: The Communist Insurrection in Malaya (Singapore: Cultured Lotus Press, 2000 [originally printed in 1975 as The Communist Insurrection in Malaya 1948–1960 by London’s Frederick Muller Ltd.]).Google Scholar

Short, Anthony, ‘The Malayan Emergency and the Batang Kali Incident’, Asian Affairs 41, 3 (2010), 337–54.Google Scholar

Yin, Sim Chi, ‘One Day We’ll Understand’, 2015. http://chiyinsim.com/one-day-well-understand/.Google Scholar

Sinclair, Georgina, ‘“The Sharp End of the Intelligence Machine”: The Rise of the Malayan Police Special Branch 1948–1955’, Intelligence and National Security 26, 4 (2011), 460–77.Google Scholar

Singh, Kernial Sandhu, ‘The Saga of the “Squatter” in Malaya’, Journal of Southeast Asian History 5, 1 (1964), 145–87.Google Scholar

Smith, Simon, ‘General Templer and Counter-Insurgency in Malaya’, Intelligence and National Security 16, 3 (2001), 60–78.Google Scholar

Spicer, Len, The Suffolks in Malaya (Peterborough: Lawson Phelps, 1998).Google Scholar

Yao, Souchou, The Malayan Emergency: Essays on a Small, Distant War (Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Stenson, Michael, Repression and Revolt: The Origins of the 1948 Communist Insurrection in Malaya and Singapore (Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1969).Google Scholar

Stenson, Michael, ‘The Malayan Union and the Historians’, Journal of Southeast Asian History 10, 2 (1969), 344–54.Google Scholar

Stenson, Michael, The 1948 Communist Revolt in Malaya: A Note on Historical Sources and Interpretation (Singapore: ISEAS, 1971).Google Scholar

Stewart, Brian (ed.), Operation Sharp End: Smashing Terrorism in Malaya, 1948–58 (Newark: Acorn, 2003). www.britishempire.co.uk/article/operationsharpend.htm. [Also available as per below.]Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J., ‘The Formation and First Years of the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), 1946–1948’, Modern Asian Studies 11, 4 (1977), 481–513.Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J., British Policy and Malay Politics during the Malayan Union Experiment, 1942–1948 (Kuala Lumpur: MBRAS Monograph No. 8, 1979).Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J., ‘A Widespread and Long-Concocted Plot to Overthrow the Government in Malaya? The Origins of the Malayan Emergency’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 21, 3 (1993),66–88.Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J. (ed.), Part I: The Malayan Union Experiment 1942–1948; Part II: The Communist Insurrection, 1948–1953; Part III: The Alliance Route to Independence, 1953–1957. Vol. 3 of Malaya in the British Documents on the End of Empire Series B (London: HMSO, 1995).Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J., ‘Chin Peng and the Struggle for Malaya’, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 6, 1 (2006), 279–97.Google Scholar

Stubbs, Richard, Counter-Insurgency and the Economic Factor: The Impact of the Korean War Prices Boom on the Malayan Emergency (Singapore: ISEAS, 1974).Google Scholar

Stubbs, Richard, Hearts and Minds in Guerrilla Warfare: The Malayan Emergency 1948–1960 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).Google Scholar

Sunderland, Riley, AntiGuerrilla Intelligence in Malaya, 1948–1960 (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 1964). www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_memoranda/2005/RM4172.pdf.Google Scholar

Tan, Kevin Y. L., David Marshall of Singapore: A Biography (Singapore: ISEAS, 2008).Google Scholar

Tan, Ronnie, ‘Hunting Down the Malayan Mata Hari’, Biblioasia 14, 1 (2018), 24–9. Also available at https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/all-issues/.Google Scholar

Tan, Ronnie, ‘Civilians in the Crossfire: The Malayan Emergency’, Biblioasia 15, 3 (2019), 20–5. Also available at https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/all-issues/.Google Scholar

Phee, Tan Teng, ‘“Like a Concentration Camp, lah”: Chinese Grassroots Experience of the Emergency and New Villages … ’, Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies 3 (2009), 216–28.Google Scholar

Phee, Tan Teng, Behind Barbed Wire: Chinese New Villages during the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1960 (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2020).Google Scholar

Heng, Teh Hock, ‘Revisiting our Roots’, in Malaysian Chinese Association journal The Guardian 4, 3 (2007 [1971]).Google Scholar

Tenebaum, Élie, ‘Beyond National Styles: Towards a Connected History of Cold War Counterinsurgency’, in Heuser, Beatrice and Shamir, Eitan (eds.), Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies: National Styles and Strategic Cultures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 313–32.Google Scholar

Thambipillay, Rajasingam, God’s Little Acre, Batu Gajah: A Commemorative Book on the 50th Anniversary of the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) (Ipoh: Perak Planters’ Association, 1998).Google Scholar

Thambipillay, Rajasingam, The Malayan Police Force in the Emergency: Dedicated to Our Fallen Heroes (Ipoh: self-published, 2003).Google Scholar

Thompson, E. P., The English Working Class (London: Victor Gollancz, 1963).Google Scholar

Thompson, Sir Robert, Defeating Communist Insurgency: Experiences in Malaya and Vietnam (London: Chatto & Windus, 1966).Google Scholar

Thompson, Sir Robert, Make for the Hills: Memories of Far Eastern Wars (London: Leo Cooper, 1989).Google Scholar

Thorp, Michael, Elephants, Tigers and Tappers (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2009).Google Scholar

Ting, Helen, ‘Shamsieh Fakeh and Aishah Ghani in Malaya: Nationalists in their Own Right, Feminists Ahead of Their Time’, in Blackburn, Susan and Ting, Helen (ed.), Women in Southeast Asian Nationalist Movements (Singapore: NUS Press, 2013), 147–74.Google Scholar

Ucko, David, ‘Critics Gone Wild: Counterinsurgency as the Root of All Evil’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 25, 1 (2014), 161–79.Google Scholar

Ucko, David, ‘Counterinsurgency as Armed Reform: The Political History of the Malayan Emergency’, Journal of Strategic Studies 42, 3–4 (2019), 448–79.Google Scholar

United States Department of the Army/US Marines, FM3-24, Counterinsurgency (2006). www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-24.pdf.Google Scholar

United States Army/Marine manual, FM3–24.2/FM90-8, FM7-98), Tactics in Counterinsurgency (2009).Google Scholar

Wagner, Kim, ‘Savage Warfare: Violence and the Rule of Colonial Difference in Early British Counterinsurgency’, History Workshop Journal, 85 (2018), 217–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbx053.Google Scholar

An, Wan Jia (ed.), Ying Lie Qian Qiu: Jia Ying Ti Qu ju Niu Gu Shan Shun Nan Lie Shi Jian Jie [Everlasting Heroism: Brief Introduction to the Kajang Niu Gu Hill Martyrs] (Kajang: Kajang Martyrs Committee, 2002).Google Scholar

Gungwu, Wang and Chong, Ong Wei (eds.), Voice of the Malayan Revolution: The CPM Radio War against Singapore and Malaysia, 1969-1981 (Singapore: RSIS, 2009).Google Scholar

Ward, Ian, Sybil Kathigasu, Chin Peng and Norma Miraflor, Faces of Courage: A Revealing Historical Appreciation of Colonial Malaya’s Legendary Kathigasu Family (Singapore: Media Masters, 2006).Google Scholar

Ward, Ian with Miraflor, Norma, Slaughter and Deception at Batang Kali (Singapore: Media Masters, 2009).Google Scholar

West, Hannah, ‘Camp Follower or Counterinsurgent? Lady Templer and the Forgotten Wives’, Small Wars & Insurgencies (2021). doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2020.1860373.Google Scholar

White, Nicholas, Business, Government, and the End of Empire: Malaya, 1942–1957 (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

White, Nicholas, British Business in Post-Colonial Malaysia, 1957–70 (London: Routledge, 2004).Google Scholar

Witter, Rebecca and Satterfield, Terre, ‘Rhino Poaching and the “Slow Violence” of Conservation Resettlement in Mozambique’s Limpopo National Park’, Geoforum 1010 (2019), 275–84.Google Scholar

Wong Tze Ken, Danny, ‘View from the Other Side: The Early Cold War in Malaysia from the Memoirs and Writings of Former MCP Members’, in Lau, Albert (ed.), The Cold War in Southeast Asia (London: Routledge, 2012), 85–102.Google Scholar

Wong Wing On, James, From Pacific War to Merdeka: Reminiscences of Abdullah C. D., Rashid Maidin, Suriani Abdullah and Abu Samah (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2005).Google Scholar

Wah, Wong Yoon, Durians are Not the Only Fruit: Notes from the Tropics (Singapore: Epigram, 2013 [translated from the Chinese, first published 1981]).Google Scholar

Wah, Wong Yoon, The New Village: Chinese Poems (Singapore: Ethos Books, 2012 [translated by Ho Lian Geok and Ng Yi-Sheng]).Google Scholar

Wood, Col. Denis R., History of the 2^nd King Edward VII’s Own Goorkhas (The Sirmoor Rifles) (Surrey: D. R. Wood for the Regiment Trust, 2003).Google Scholar

[Hsiu-lan], ‘Xiulan’, I Want to Live: A Personal Account of One Woman’s Futile Armed Struggle for the Reds (Petaling Jaya: Star Publications, 1983).Google Scholar

Yanqing, He, Kee Cheok Cheong and Ran Li, ‘Revisiting the Malayan Emergency: The China Factor in the Baling Peace Talks’, Cold War History 19, 4 (2019), 529–47.Google Scholar

Young, Col. Arthur, ‘Policemanship in Malaya’, Straits Times Annual 1954 (Singapore: Straits Times, 1954), 76–80.Google Scholar

Leng, Yuen Yuet, Operation Ginger (Kuala Lumpur: Vinpress, 1998).Google Scholar

Leng, Yuen Yuet, Nation Before Self and Values That Do Not Die (Ampang: Yuen Yuet Leng/MPH, 2008).Google Scholar

Zartman, William, Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and Resolution in Africa (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985).Google Scholar

Zartman, William, ‘“Ripeness”: The Importance of Timing in Negotiation and Conflict Resolution’, E-International Relations, 20 Dec. 2008. www.e-ir.info/2008/12/20/ripeness-the-importance-of-timing-in-negotiation-and-conflict-resolution/.Google Scholar

Zierler, David, The Invention of Ecocide (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Liew, Zhou Hau, ‘Ecological Narratives of Forced Resettlement in Cold War Malaya’, Critical Asian Studies 52, 2 (2020), 286–303.Google Scholar

Arditti, Roger C., ‘“Our Achilles’ Heel”: Interagency Intelligence during the Malayan Emergency’ (Brunel University, D.Phil. thesis, 2015). http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/12842/1/FulltextThesis.pdf.Google Scholar

Choo, Cheryl, ‘The Briggs Plan and its Causality Towards the Disappearing Identity of Kuala Lumpur’ (University of Westminster, M.Arch. thesis, 2015). https://issuu.com/choocheryl/docs/the_briggs_plan_-_cheryl_choo.Google Scholar

Clemente, Howard John, ‘Iban (Sea Dyaks) in the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1960’ (San Jose University, M.A. thesis, 1983).Google Scholar

Coe, John Josiah, ‘Beautiful Flowers and Poisonous Weeds: Problems of Historicism, Ethics and Internal Antagonisms – The Case of the Malayan Communist Party’ (University of Queensland, Ph.D. thesis, 1993).Google Scholar

Dawson, J. M. A., ‘Aborigines of Malaya and the Problem of their Administration’ (London, 1956). Copy of his signed thesis held in the Royal Anthropological Institute, London.Google Scholar

Goodman, Joshua Ross, ‘Negotiating Counterinsurgency: The Politics of Strategic Adaptation’ (Yale University, Ph.D. thesis, 2018).Google Scholar

Koon, Heng Pek, ‘The Development of the Malayan Chinese Association’ (SOAS, Ph.D. thesis, 1984).Google Scholar

Ling, Ho Hui, ‘Keadaan Sosial Di Tanah Melayu 1948–1960’ (Universiti Malaya, D.Phil. thesis, 2003).Google Scholar

Khoo Sheng Li, David, ‘Winning Hearts and Souls: Missionaries in the New Villages during the Malayan Emergency (National University of Singapore, undergraduate thesis, 2003/4).Google Scholar

Chong, Koh Teck, ‘The Emergency in Johore, 1948–1959’ (University of Malaya, academic exercise, 1959/60).Google Scholar

Embong, Mahmud, ‘Perkembangan Rejimen ke-10 Melayu, Parti Komunis Malaya dari 1949 hingga 1989’ [‘The Development of the MCP’s Malay 10th Regiment, 1949–89’] (University of Malaya, Ph.D. thesis, 2009).Google Scholar

Seng, Ng Ngee, ‘Sir Henry Gurney as High Commissioner During the Malayan Emergency, Oct. 1948–Oct. 1951: A Critical Assessment’ (Singapore, National Institute of Education, B.A. Hons. thesis, 2002).Google Scholar

Ming, Phoon Yuen, ‘Revolution, Lives and Women Warriors: Malayan Communist History from a Gender Perspective’ (National University of Singapore, D.Phil. thesis, 2019 [Chinese-language]).Google Scholar

Probert, Thomas, ‘The Impact of Participating in British Counterinsurgency Campaigns on British Armed Forces Personnel: The Malayan Emergency as a Case-Study’ (Open University, Ph.D. thesis, 2020).Google Scholar

Muhamad, Roslan, ‘Keganasan komunis dan kesannya pada zaman darurat 1948-1960 di daerah Hulu Langat Selangor’ (Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, master’s thesis, 2015). https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=1689. A source of useful detail, and Malay perspectives, on the area around Kajang–Semenyih–Broga–Jenderam.Google Scholar

Sharifah Sophia binti Wan, Ahmad, ‘Culture, Power and Resistance: Post-Colonialism, Autobiography and Malaysian Independence’ (Durham University, Ph.D. thesis, 2010). http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/176/1/S._Ahmad_thesis.pdf.Google Scholar

Sze Chieh Ng, Jason, ‘Silenced Revolutionaries: Challenging the Received View of Malaya’s Revolutionary Past’ (Arizona State University, M.A. thesis, 2011).Google Scholar

Sze Chieh Ng, Jason, ‘Red Shadow: Malayan Communist Memoirs as Parallel Histories of Malaysia’ (University of Melbourne, D.Phil. thesis, 2019). Still embargoed at the time of writing.Google Scholar

Shaw, Alexander Nicholas, ‘The British Intelligence Community in Singapore, 1946–1959: Local Security, Regional Coordination and the Cold War in the Far East’ (University of Leeds, Ph.D. thesis, 2019).Google Scholar

Tay, Frances, ‘Making Malaysian Chinese: War Memory, Histories and Identities’ (Manchester University, Ph.D. thesis, 2015).Google Scholar

Abdullah, C. D., The Memoirs of Abdullah C.D. (Part One): The Movement until 1948 (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2009).Google Scholar

Abraham, Collin, ‘The Finest Hour’: The Malaysian-MCP Peace Accord in Perspective (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2006).Google Scholar

Cheng, Ah [Shan Ruhong @ Ah Hai], Wo jianfu de shiming: Magong zhongyang zhengzhiju weiyuan A Cheng huiyilu zhi si [My Mission – Vol. 4 of the Memoirs of the MCP Politburo Member Ah Cheng] (Kuala Lumpur: Ershiyi shiji chubanshe, 2007).Google Scholar

Allen, Charles, Tales from the South China Seas (London: Faber, 1984).Google Scholar

Ampalavanar, Rajeswary, The Indian Minority and Political Change in Malaya, 1945–1957 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981).Google Scholar

Anderson, David, Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire (London: W.W. Norton, 2005).Google Scholar

Andrew, Herbert, Who Won the Malayan Emergency (Singapore: Graham Brash, 1995).Google Scholar

Annuar, Nik Mahmud, Tunku Abdul Rahman and his Role in the Baling Talks: A Documentary History (Kuala Lumpur: Memorial Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, Arkib Negara Malaysia, 1998).Google Scholar

Anthony, Dave, Kaatu Perumal: Folk Hero of Sungei Siput, An Oral History (Ipoh: Parsosma Enterprise, 2015).Google Scholar

Arditti, Roger C., Counterinsurgency, Intelligence and the Emergency in Malaya (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).Google Scholar

Arditti, Roger C. and Davies, Philip H. J., ‘Rethinking the Rise and Fall of the Malayan Security Service, 1946–1948’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 43, 2 (2015), 292–316.Google Scholar

Arifin, Azmi, ‘Local Historians and the Historiography of Malay Nationalism 1945–57: The British, the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) and the Malay Left’, Kajian Malaysia 32, 1 (2014), 1–35.Google Scholar

Arifin, Azmi, ‘Darurat atau “Perang Kolonial” 1948 di Tanah Melayu: Satu Perbahasan Berdasarkan Beberapa Aliran Pemikiran dan Perspektif’ [‘Emergency or “Colonial War” 1948 in Malaya: A Debate Based on Several Schools of Thought and Perspectives’], Kemanusiaan: The Asian Journal of Humanities 26, 2 (2019), 53–80.Google Scholar

Choon, Ban Kah, Absent History: The Untold Story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore, 1915–1942 (Singapore: Raffles, 2001).Google Scholar

Bannister, Colin, An Inch of Bravery: 3 RAR in the Malayan Emergency, 1957–59 (Canberra: Directorate of Army Public Affairs,1994).Google Scholar

Barber, Noel, War of the Running Dogs: Malaya 1948–1960 (London: Arrow, 1989 [first published 1971]).Google Scholar

Barber, Noel, The Natives Were Friendly (London: Macmillan, 1977).Google Scholar

Bayly, Christopher and Harper, Tim, The Forgotten Wars: The End of Britain’s Empire in Asia (London: Allen Lane, 2007).Google Scholar

Belle, Carl V., Tragic Orphans: Indians in Malaya (Singapore: ISEAS, 2015).Google Scholar

Belogurova, Anna, ‘The Chinese International of Nationalities: The Chinese Communist Party, the Comintern, and the Foundation of the Malayan National Communist Party, 1923–1939’, Global History 9, 3 (2014), 447–70.Google Scholar

Belogurova, Anna, The Nanyang Revolution: The Comintern and Chinese Networks in Southeast Asia, 1890–1957 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019).Google Scholar

Bennett, Huw, ‘Minimum Force in British Counterinsurgency’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 21, 3 (2010), 459–75.Google Scholar

Bennett, Huw, ‘“A Very Salutary Effect”: The Counter-Terror Strategy in the Early Malayan Emergency, June 1948 to December 1949’, Journal of Strategic Studies 32, 3 (2009), 415–44.Google Scholar

Bennett, Huw, Fighting the Mau Mau: The British Army and Counter-Insurgency in the Kenya Emergency (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Black, Jeremy, Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: A Global History (London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016).Google Scholar

Blackburn, Kevin and Hack, Karl, War Memory and the Making of Modern Malaysia and Singapore (Singapore: NUS Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Blackburn, Kevin and Zonglun, Wu, Decolonizing the History Curriculum in Malaysia and Singapore (London: Routledge, 2019).Google Scholar

Boot, Max, The Road Not Taken: Edward Lansdale and the American Tragedy in Vietnam (London: Zeus, 2018).Google Scholar

Bourgeois, Philippe, ‘The Power of Violence in War and Peace: Post Cold-War Lessons from El Salvador’, Ethnography 2, 1 (2001), 5–34.Google Scholar

Brimmel, J. H., A Short History of the Malayan Communist Party (Singapore: Donald Moore Press, 1956).Google Scholar

Caldwell, Malcolm, ‘From “Emergency” to “Independence”’, in Amin, Mohamed and Caldwell, Malcolm (ed.), Malaya: The Making of a Neo-Colony (Nottingham: Spokesman, 1977), 216–65.Google Scholar

Callwell, Charles, Small Wars: Their Principles and Practice (London: HMSO, 1906).Google Scholar

Calvert, Michael, Fighting Mad: One Man’s Guerrilla War (Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2004).Google Scholar

Campbell, Arthur, Jungle Green (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1953).Google Scholar

Carey, Iskandar, Orang Asli: Aboriginal Tribes of Peninsular Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1976).Google Scholar

Kheng, Cheah Boon, From PKI to the Comintern, 1921–1941: The Apprenticeship of the Malayan Communist Party (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Kheng, Cheah Boon, ‘The Communist Insurgency in Malaysia, 1948–90: Contesting the Nation-State and Social Change’, New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 11, 1 (2009), 132–52.Google Scholar

Kheng, Cheah Boon, Red Star over Malaya: Resistance and Social Conflict during and after the Japanese Occupation of Malaya, 1941–1946 (Singapore: NUS Press, 2012 [first published 1983]).Google Scholar

Chin, Aloysius, The Communist Party of Malaya: The Inside Story (Kuala Lumpur: Vinpress, 1995).Google Scholar

Chin, C. C., ‘Re-Examining the 1948 Revolt of the Malayan Communist Party in Malaya’, Kajian Malaysia 27, 1–2 (2009) [Special Edition on 1948 Insurgencies], 11–38.Google Scholar

Chin, C. C. (ed.), Eu Chooi Yip: Inside the Malayan Communist Party, An Oral History Interview (Singapore: Learning Press, 2020).Google Scholar

Chin, C. C. and Hack, Karl (eds.), Dialogues with Chin Peng: New Light on the Malayan Communist Party (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Peng, Chin, with Ward, Ian and Miraflor, Norma, Alias Chin Peng: My Side of History (Singapore: Media Masters, 2003).Google Scholar

Cleaveland, Norman, Bang! Bang! In Ampang: Dredging Tin During Malaya’s Emergency (San Pedro, CA: Symcon, 1973).Google Scholar

Cloake, John, Templer: Tiger of Malaya (London: Harrap, 1985).Google Scholar

Clutterbuck, Richard, The Long, Long War: The Malayan Emergency 1948–1960 (London: Cassell, 1967).Google Scholar

Clutterbuck, Richard, Conflict and Violence in Singapore and Malaysia, 1945–1983 (Singapore: Graham Brash, 1984 [first published 1977]).Google Scholar

Coates, John, Suppressing Insurgency: An Analysis of the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1954 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Comber, Leon, Malaya’s Secret Police 1945–1960: The Role of the Special Branch in the Malayan Emergency (Singapore: ISEAS, 2008).Google Scholar

Comber, Leon, ‘The Origins of the Cold War in Southeast Asia: The Case of the Communist Party of Malaya (1948–1960) – A Special Branch Perspective’, Kajian Malaysia 27, 1 & 2 (2009), 39–60.Google Scholar

Comber, Leon, ‘Traitor of All Traitors – Secret Agent Extraordinaire: Lai Teck’, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 83, 2 (2010), 1–26.Google Scholar

Comber, Leon, Templer and the Road to Malayan Independence: The Man and His Time (Singapore: ISEAS, 2015).Google Scholar

Concannon, T. A. L., ‘A New Town in Malaya: Petaling Jaya’, Malayan Journal of Tropical Geography 5 (1955), 39–43.Google Scholar

Connor, Steve and Thomas, Andy, ‘How Britain Sprayed Malaya with Dioxin’, New Scientist, 19 Jan. 1984, 6–7.Google Scholar

Cormac, Rory, Confronting the Colonies: British Intelligence and Counterinsurgency (London: Hurst, 2013).Google Scholar

Cross, John P., Operation Janus (Leicester: Monsoon, 2017).Google Scholar

Deane-Drummond, Anthony, Arrows of Fortune (London: Leo Cooper, 1992).Google Scholar

Dennis, Peter and Grey, Jeffrey, Emergency and Confrontation: Australian Military Operations in Malaya and Borneo 1950–1966. Vol. 5 of The Official History of Australia’s Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975 (St Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1996).Google Scholar

Dentan, Robert Knox, Semai: A Nonviolent People of Malaya (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968).Google Scholar

Dentan, Robert Knox, Overwhelming Terror: Love, Fear, Peace and Violence among the Semai of Malaysia (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008).Google Scholar

Dentan, Robert Knox, Endicott, Kirk, Gomes, Alberto and Hooker, M. B., Malaysia and its Original People (London: Allyn and Bacon, 1997).Google Scholar

Director of Operations, The Conduct of Anti-Terrorist Operations (St. Petersburg, FL: Hailer, 2006 [republication of 1958 edition, which was restricted to defence use only]).Google Scholar

Dixon, Rob, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Drohan, Brian, Brutality in an Age of Human Rights: Activism and Counterinsurgency at the End of the British Empire (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Efimova, Larisa, ‘Did the Soviet Union Instruct the Southeast Asian Communists to Revolt?’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, 3 (2009), 449–70.Google Scholar

Elkins, Caroline, Britain’s Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya (London: Jonathan Cape, 2005).Google Scholar

Fallon, Stephen J., ‘Mind Games from Above: The Use of Psychological Warfare and Direct Propaganda at the Turning Point of the Malayan Emergency, 1952–1954’, Small Wars Journal (2011). https://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/journal/docs-temp/774-fallon.pdf.Google Scholar

Joseph M, Fernando., The Alliance Road to Independence (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Joseph M, Fernando., ‘Elite Intercommunal Bargaining and Conflict Resolution: The Role of the Communities Liaison Committee in Malaya, 1949–51’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 43, 2 (2012), 280–301.Google Scholar

Fernando, Joseph M., Rahman, Zulkanain Abdul and Ghazali, Abdullah Zakaria, E.E.C. Thuraisingham: A Malaysian Patriot (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2013).Google Scholar

French, David, The British Way in Counter-Insurgency, 1945–1967 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Galtung, John, ‘Violence, Peace, Research’, Journal of Peace Research 6, 3 (1969), 167–91.Google Scholar

Goodman, Joshua, ‘Shirking the Briggs Plan: Civilian Resistance to Reform and the Army’s Struggle for Control in Malaya, 1950–1952’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History (2021). doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2021.1883244.Google Scholar

Gregorian, Raffi, ‘“Jungle Bashing” in Malaya’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 5, 3 (1994), 338–59.Google Scholar

Gregorian, Raffi, The British Army, the Gurkhas and Cold War Strategies in the Far East, 1947–1954 (London: Palgrave, 2002).Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘British Intelligence and Counter-Insurgency: The Example of Malaya’, Intelligence and National Security 14, 2 (1999), 124–55.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘ Corpses, Prisoners of War and Captured Documents: British and Communist Narratives of the Malayan Emergency, and the Dynamics of Intelligence Transformation’, Intelligence and National Security 14, 4 (1999), 211–41.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘“Iron Claws on Malaya”: The Historiography of the Malayan Emergency’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 30, 1 (1999), 99–125.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, Defence and Decolonisation in Southeast Asia: Britain, Malaya and Singapore, 1941–1968 (Richmond: Curzon, 2001).Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘The Long March to Peace of the Malayan Communist Party in Southern Thailand’, in Montesanto, Michael and Jory, Patrick (eds.), Thai South and Malay North (Singapore: NUS Press, 2008), 173–200.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘The Malayan Emergency as Counter-insurgency Paradigm’, Journal of Strategic Studies 32, 3 (2009), 405–409.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘The Origins of the Asian Cold War: Malaya 1948’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, 3 (2009), 471–97.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘Negotiating with the Malayan Communist Party, 1948–89’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 39, 4 (2011), 607–32.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘Everyone Lived in Fear: Malaya and the British Way of Counter-Insurgency’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 23, 4–5 (2012), 671–99.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘Detention, Deportation and Resettlement: British Counterinsurgency and Malaya’s Rural Chinese, 1948–60’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 43, 4 (2015), 611–40.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘Tropical Transitions in Counter-Insurgency: From Malayan Emergency to Post-Colonial Partnership’, in Johnson, Robert and Clack, Timothy (ed.), At the End of Military Intervention: Historical, Theoretical, and Applied Approaches to Transition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 61–85.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl, ‘“Devils that Suck the Blood of the Malayan People”: The Case for Post-Revisionist Analysis of Counter-Insurgency Violence’, War in History 25, 2 (2018), 202–26.Google Scholar

Hack, Karl and Wade, Geoff, ‘Introduction: The Origins of the Southeast Asian Cold War’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, 3 (2009), 441–8.Google Scholar

Fan, Hai, ‘Page 691 of History’. https://newnaratif.com/page-691-of-history/.Google Scholar

Hale, Christopher, Massacre in Malaya: Exposing Britain’s My Lai (Stroud: The History Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Suyin, Han, My House Has Two Doors (London: Granta, 1982).Google Scholar

Suyin, Han, Rain My Drink (Singapore: Monsoon, 2013 [first published 1956]).Google Scholar

Hancock, Vincent, Legends of the Dragonfly: Fighting the Malayan Communists during the Malayan Emergency (self-published, 2020).Google Scholar

Fuljio, Hara, The MCP as Recorded in the Comintern Files (Singapore: ISEAS, 2016).Google Scholar

Harper, , Tim, ‘The Politics of the Forest’, Modern Asian Studies 31, 1 (1997), 1–29.Google Scholar

Harper, Tim, The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).Google Scholar

Harrison, Simon, Dark Trophies: Hunting and the Enemy Body in Modern War (New York: Berghahn, 2012).Google Scholar

Hatton, Tim, Tock Tock Birds: A Spider in the Web of International Terrorism (Lewes: The Book Guild, 2004).Google Scholar

Hazelton, Jacqueline L., ‘The “Hearts and Minds” Fallacy: Violence, Coercion, and Success in Counterinsurgency Warfare’, International Security 42, 1 (Summer 2017), 80–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hembry, , Boris, Malayan Spymaster: Memoirs of a Rubber Planter, Bandit, Fighter and Spy (Singapore: Monsoon, 2011).Google Scholar

Koon, Heng Pek, Chinese Politics in Malaysia: A History of the Malaysian Chinese Association (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1988).Google Scholar

Ling, Ho Hui, Darurat 1948–1960: Keadaan Sosial di Tanah Melayu [The Malayan Emergency, 1948–1960: Social Conditions in Malaya] (Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya, 2004).Google Scholar

Ling, Ho Hui, Pembanterasan Komunis di Tanah Melayu [The Defeat of Communism in Malaya] (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Fook, Ho Thean, Tainted Glory (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Hughes, James, ‘Frank Kitson in Northern Ireland and the “British Way” of Counterinsurgency’, History Ireland 22, 1 (2014), 44–8.Google Scholar

Hughes, Matthew, ‘The Banality of Brutality: British Armed Forces and the Repression of the Arab Revolt in Palestine, 1936–39’, The English Historical Review 124, 507 (2009), 313–54.Google Scholar

Hughes, Matthew (ed.), ‘British Ways of Counter-Insurgency: A Historical Perspective’, Special Issue of Small Wars and Insurgencies 23, 4–5 (2012), 577–807.Google Scholar

Tadin, Ishak bin, ‘Dato Onn and Malay Nationalism’, Journal of Southeast Asian History 1, 2 (1960), 56–88.Google Scholar

Jackson, Robert, The Malayan Emergency and Indonesian Confrontation (Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2014).Google Scholar

Jeffreys, Alan and Rose, Patrick, The Indian Army, 1939–47: Experience and Development (London: Routledge, 2012).Google Scholar

Jenkins, Peter and Jenkins, Waveney, The Planter’s Bungalow (Singapore: Edm, 2007).Google Scholar

Jones, Tim, ‘The British Army and Counter-Guerrilla Warfare in Transition, 1944–1952’, Small Wars and Insurgencies 7, 3 (1996), 265–308.Google Scholar

Jumper, Roy, Death Waits in the Dark: the Senoi Praaq (London: Greenwood, 2001).Google Scholar

Kathigasu, Sybil, No Dram of Mercy (London: Neville Spearman, 1954).Google Scholar

Kenneison, Rebecca, The Special Operations Executive in Malaya (London: Bloomsbury, 2019).Google Scholar

Khoo, Agnes, Life As the River Flows: Women in the Malayan Anti-Colonial Struggle (Monmouth: Merlin, 2007).Google Scholar

Khoo, Salma Nasution and Lubis, Abdur-Razzaq, Kinta Valley: Pioneering Malaysia’s Modern Development (Ipoh: Perak Academy, 2005).Google Scholar

Khor, Neil, Isa, Mariana and Kaur, Maganjeet, The Towns of Malaya (Kuala Lumpur: Edm, 2017).Google Scholar

Kitson, Frank, Low Intensity Operations: Subversion, Insurgency, Peace-Keeping (London: Faber and Faber, 1971).Google Scholar

Soong, Kua Kia, Patriots and Pretenders: The Malayan Peoples’ Independence Struggle (Petaling Jaya: Suaram, 2011).Google Scholar

Kuok, Robert, Robert Kuok: A Memoir (Singapore: Landmark Books, 2017).Google Scholar

Swee, Lam, My Accusation (Kuala Lumpur: Benar Publications, 1951).Google Scholar

Leary, John, Violence and the Dream People: The Orang Asli in the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1960 (Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1995).Google Scholar

Leary, John, ‘The Asal Protection Corps’, The RUSI Journal 149, 6 (2004), 70–5.Google Scholar

Hing, Lee Kam, ‘A Neglected Story: Christian Missionaries, Chinese New Villagers and Communists in the Battle for “Hearts and Minds” in Malaya, 1948–1960’, Modern Asian Studies 47, 6 (2013), 1977–2006.Google Scholar

Hui, Lee Ting, The Open United Front: The Communist Struggle in Singapore, 1954–1966 (Singapore: South Seas Society, 1996).Google Scholar

Leng, Lim Cheng, The Story of a Psy-warrior: Tan Sri C.C. Too (Batu Caves: Lim Cheng Leng, c.2000).Google Scholar

Leng, Lim Cheng and Lee, Khor Eng, Waging an Unwinnable War: The Communist Insurgency in Malaysia (1948–1989) (Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, 2016).Google Scholar

Yan, Lin [Wang Jun Yong], Rainbow: An Epic Story of Heroic Fighters for Independence (Labis, Johor: Huaie Lie Enterprise, 2013 [first published in Chinese in 2001; named after Wanda Wasilewska’s (Vanda Vasilevskaya) socialist realist novel Tecza (The Rainbow, 1942), about Ukrainian villagers terrorised by occupying Germans]).Google Scholar

Chin, Low Choo, ‘The Repatriation of the Chinese as a Counter-Insurgency Policy during the Malayan Emergency’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 45, 3 (2014), 363–92.Google Scholar

Chin, Low Choo and Ismail, Sah-Hadiyatan, ‘The Unwelcome Consuls: The Contested Appointment of Chinese Consuls in Colonial Malaya’, Kemanusiaan 22, 1 (2015), 75–99.Google Scholar

Lovell, Julia, Maoism: A Global History (London: The Bodley Head, 2019).Google Scholar

Lyttelton, Oliver (Viscount Chandos), The Memoirs of Lord Chandos (London: The Bodley Head, 1962).Google Scholar

Mackay, Col. J. N., History of the 7th Duke of Edinburgh’s Own Gurkha Rifles (London: William Blackwood, 1962).Google Scholar

Mackenzie, Alastair, Special Force: The Untold Story of 22nd Special Air Service Regiment (SAS) (London: I.B. Tauris, 2011).Google Scholar

Musa, Mahani, ‘Women in the Malayan Communist Party, 1942–1989’ Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 44, 2 (2013), 226–49.Google Scholar

Musa, Mahani, ‘Women, Jungle and Motherhood’, Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific 36 (2014). http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue36/musa.htm.Google Scholar

Musa, Mahani, ‘“I Want to Live”: Malayan Communist Party Struggles as Seen by Female Defectors’, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 94 (Part 1), 320 (2020), 75–100.Google Scholar

Marx, Karl, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon (Chicago, IL: Charles H. Kerr, 1913 [first published 1852]).Google Scholar

McGuire, Thomas, ‘Interrogation and “Psychological Intelligence”: The Construction of Propaganda during the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1958’, in Andrew, Christopher and Tobia, Simona (eds.), Interrogation in War and Conflict (London: Routledge, 2014), 135–52.Google Scholar

McLane, Charles, Soviet Strategies in Southeast Asia: An Exploration of Eastern Policy under Lenin and Stalin (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966).Google Scholar

McVey, Ruth Y., The Calcutta Conferences and the Southeast Asian Uprisings (Ithaca, NY: Department of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University, 1958).Google Scholar

Miers, Richard, Shoot to Kill (London: Faber, 1959).Google Scholar

Miller, Sergio, ‘The Myth of Hearts and Minds’, Small Wars Journal (2012). https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/malaya-the-myth-of-hearts-and-minds.Google Scholar

Mockaitis, Thomas, British Counterinsurgency 1919–1960 (London: Macmillan, 1990).Google Scholar

Mockaitis, Thomas, ‘The Minimum Force Debate: Contemporary Sensibilities Meet Imperial Practice’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 4–5 (2012), 762–81.Google Scholar

Mockford, Wing Cdr. Mike and others, RAF Historical Journal 21 (2000). www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/research/RAF-Historical-Society-Journals/Journal-21-Seminar-Malaya-Korea-Kuwait-1961.pdf.Google Scholar

Lamry, Mohamed Salleh, Gerakan Kiri Melayu Dalam Perjuangan Kemerdekaan [The Malay Left in the Struggle for Independence] (Bangi, Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2006).Google Scholar

Salleh Lamry, Mohamed, Siti Norkiah Mahmud: Srikandi dari Pahang Utara [Siti Norkiah Mahmud: Heroine from North Pahang] (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2011).Google Scholar

Lamry, Mohamed Salleh, ‘A History of the Tenth Regiment’s Struggles’, Inter-Asia Cultural Struggles 16, 1 (2015), 42–55.Google Scholar

Morgan, Michael, ‘The Rise and Fall of Malayan Trade Unionism, 1945–50’, in Amin, Mohamed and Caldwell, Malcolm (ed.), Malaya, the Making of a Neo Colony (Nottingham: Spokesman Books, 1977), 150–98.Google Scholar

Nagl, John, Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Norton, John, ‘The Ulu Caledonian Rubber Estate Ambush’, The Journal [published by the Regimental Association of the Queen’s Own Buffs] 21 (2011), 41–6.Google Scholar

Nove, Alec, ‘Stalin and Stalinism’, in Alec Nove, (ed.), The Stalin Phenomenon (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1993).Google Scholar

Nyce, Ray, Chinese New Villages in Malaya: A Community Study (Kuala Lumpur: Sociological Research Institute, 1973).Google Scholar

Chong, Ong Wei, Voice of the Malayan Revolution (Singapore: NTU, IDSS Paper 116, 2006), 13. www.files.ethz.ch/isn/27166/WP116.pdf.Google Scholar

Chong, Ong Wei, Malaysia’s Defeat of Armed Communism: The Second Emergency, 1968–89 (London: Routledge, 2015).Google Scholar

Beng, Ooi Kee, As Empires Fell: The Life and Times of Lee Hau-Shik, the First Finance Minister of Malaya (Singapore: ISEAS, 2020).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Opper, Marc, People’s Wars in China, Malaya, and Vietnam (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019).Google Scholar

Owens, Patricia, Economy of Force: Counterinsurgency and the Historical Rise of the Social (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Parkinson, Anne and Parkinson, C. Northcote, Heroes of Malaya (Singapore: Donald Moore, 1956).Google Scholar

Parkinson, C. Northcote, Templer in Malaya (Singapore: Donald Moore, 1954).Google Scholar

Pennycuick, K., ‘Army Operational Research in the Far East, 1952/54’, Operational Research Quarterly 5, 4 (1954), 120–9.Google Scholar

Perea, Judith and Thomas, Andy, ‘This Horrible Natural Experiment’, New Scientist, 18 Apr. 1985, 34–6.Google Scholar

Kai, Poh Soo, Quee, Tan Jing and Yew, Koh Kay (eds.), The Fajar Generation: The University Socialist Club and the Politics of Postwar Malaya and Singapore (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2010).Google Scholar

Porch, Douglas, Counterinsurgency: Exposing the Myths of the New Way of War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Postgate, Malcolm, Operation Firedog: Air Support in the Malayan Emergency (London: HMSO, 1992).Google Scholar

Purcell, Victor, Malaya: Communist or Free? (London: Victor Gollancz, 1954).Google Scholar

Pye, Lucien, Guerrilla Communism in Malaya (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1956).Google Scholar

Raj, J. J., Jr, The Struggle for Malaysian Independence (Petaling Jaya: MPH, 2007).Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, ‘Transmogrifying’ Malaya: The Impact of Sir Gerald Templer (1952–1954)’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32, 1 (2001), 79–92.Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, Emergency Propaganda: The Winning of Malayan Hearts and Minds, 1945–1958 (Richmond: Curzon, 2002).Google Scholar

Kumar, Ramakrishna (ed.), Freedom News: The Untold Story of the Communist Underground Publication (Singapore: Rajaratnam School of International Affairs, 2008).Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, ‘“Bribing the Reds to Give Up”: Rewards Policy in the Malayan Emergency’, War in History 9, 3 (2009),332–63.Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, Original Sin? Revising the Revisionist Critique of the 1963 Operation Coldstore in Singapore (Singapore: ISEAS, 2015).Google Scholar

Ramakrishna, Kumar, Emergency (Singapore: IPS and Straits Times, 2015).Google Scholar

Ramasamy, Palanisamy, ‘Indian War Memory in Malaysia’, in Lim, Patricia and Wong (eds.), Diana, War Memory in Malaysia and Singapore (Singapore: ISEAS, 2001), 90–105.Google Scholar

RAND, ‘Counterinsurgency, A Symposium’, 16–20 April 1962. www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R412-1.html.Google Scholar

Maidin, Rashid, The Memoirs of Rashid Maidin: From Armed Struggle to Peace (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2005).Google Scholar

Ratanachaya, Gen. Kitti, Dato, The Communist Party of Malaya, Malaysia and Thailand: Truce Talks Ending the Armed Struggle of the Communist Party (Bangkok: Duangkaew, 1996).Google Scholar

Renick, Rhoderick dhu, “The Emergency Regulations of Malaya Causes and Effect”, Journal of Southeast Asian History 6, 2 (1965), 1–39.Google Scholar

Rooney, David, Mad Mike: A Life of Brigadier Michael Calvert (London: Leo Cooper, 1977).Google Scholar

Salvage, Jane, Rowson, Michael, Melf, Klaus and Sandøy, Ingveld (eds.), The Medical Peace Work Textbook: Course 4: Structural Violence and the Underlying Causes of Violent Conflict, 2nd ed. (London: Medact, 2012).Google Scholar

Samuel, Moses and Khan, Mahmud Hasan, ‘Construction of Nationhood through Education in Malaya: Revisiting the Barnes and Fenn-Wu Reports’, Asia Pacific Journal of Education 33, 3 (2013), 249–60.Google Scholar

Second Battalion Scots Guards Tour in Malaya, 1948–1951 (Kuala Lumpur: Caxton Press, 1951).Google Scholar

Fakeh, Shamsiah, The Memoirs of Shamsiah Fakeh: From AWAS to 10th Regiment (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2009).Google Scholar

Ruhong, Shan [see also A. Cheng], The War in the South: The Story of Negri Sembilan’s Guerrillas (Bangkok: Mental Health Publishing, 2003).Google Scholar

Shaw, Alexander Nicholas, ‘MI5 and the Cold War in South-East Asia: Examining the Performance of Security Intelligence Far East (SIFE)’, Intelligence and National Security 32, 6 (2017), 797–816.Google Scholar

Shennan, Margaret, Our Man in Malaya (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2007).Google Scholar

Short, Anthony, In Pursuit of the Mountain Rats: The Communist Insurrection in Malaya (Singapore: Cultured Lotus Press, 2000 [originally printed in 1975 as The Communist Insurrection in Malaya 1948–1960 by London’s Frederick Muller Ltd.]).Google Scholar

Short, Anthony, ‘The Malayan Emergency and the Batang Kali Incident’, Asian Affairs 41, 3 (2010), 337–54.Google Scholar

Yin, Sim Chi, ‘One Day We’ll Understand’, 2015. http://chiyinsim.com/one-day-well-understand/.Google Scholar

Sinclair, Georgina, ‘“The Sharp End of the Intelligence Machine”: The Rise of the Malayan Police Special Branch 1948–1955’, Intelligence and National Security 26, 4 (2011), 460–77.Google Scholar

Singh, Kernial Sandhu, ‘The Saga of the “Squatter” in Malaya’, Journal of Southeast Asian History 5, 1 (1964), 145–87.Google Scholar

Smith, Simon, ‘General Templer and Counter-Insurgency in Malaya’, Intelligence and National Security 16, 3 (2001), 60–78.Google Scholar

Spicer, Len, The Suffolks in Malaya (Peterborough: Lawson Phelps, 1998).Google Scholar

Yao, Souchou, The Malayan Emergency: Essays on a Small, Distant War (Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Stenson, Michael, Repression and Revolt: The Origins of the 1948 Communist Insurrection in Malaya and Singapore (Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1969).Google Scholar

Stenson, Michael, ‘The Malayan Union and the Historians’, Journal of Southeast Asian History 10, 2 (1969), 344–54.Google Scholar

Stenson, Michael, The 1948 Communist Revolt in Malaya: A Note on Historical Sources and Interpretation (Singapore: ISEAS, 1971).Google Scholar

Stewart, Brian (ed.), Operation Sharp End: Smashing Terrorism in Malaya, 1948–58 (Newark: Acorn, 2003). www.britishempire.co.uk/article/operationsharpend.htm. [Also available as per below.]Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J., ‘The Formation and First Years of the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), 1946–1948’, Modern Asian Studies 11, 4 (1977), 481–513.Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J., British Policy and Malay Politics during the Malayan Union Experiment, 1942–1948 (Kuala Lumpur: MBRAS Monograph No. 8, 1979).Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J., ‘A Widespread and Long-Concocted Plot to Overthrow the Government in Malaya? The Origins of the Malayan Emergency’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 21, 3 (1993),66–88.Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J. (ed.), Part I: The Malayan Union Experiment 1942–1948; Part II: The Communist Insurrection, 1948–1953; Part III: The Alliance Route to Independence, 1953–1957. Vol. 3 of Malaya in the British Documents on the End of Empire Series B (London: HMSO, 1995).Google Scholar

Stockwell, A. J., ‘Chin Peng and the Struggle for Malaya’, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 6, 1 (2006), 279–97.Google Scholar

Stubbs, Richard, Counter-Insurgency and the Economic Factor: The Impact of the Korean War Prices Boom on the Malayan Emergency (Singapore: ISEAS, 1974).Google Scholar

Stubbs, Richard, Hearts and Minds in Guerrilla Warfare: The Malayan Emergency 1948–1960 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).Google Scholar

Sunderland, Riley, AntiGuerrilla Intelligence in Malaya, 1948–1960 (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 1964). www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_memoranda/2005/RM4172.pdf.Google Scholar

Tan, Kevin Y. L., David Marshall of Singapore: A Biography (Singapore: ISEAS, 2008).Google Scholar

Tan, Ronnie, ‘Hunting Down the Malayan Mata Hari’, Biblioasia 14, 1 (2018), 24–9. Also available at https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/all-issues/.Google Scholar

Tan, Ronnie, ‘Civilians in the Crossfire: The Malayan Emergency’, Biblioasia 15, 3 (2019), 20–5. Also available at https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/all-issues/.Google Scholar

Phee, Tan Teng, ‘“Like a Concentration Camp, lah”: Chinese Grassroots Experience of the Emergency and New Villages … ’, Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies 3 (2009), 216–28.Google Scholar

Phee, Tan Teng, Behind Barbed Wire: Chinese New Villages during the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1960 (Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2020).Google Scholar

Heng, Teh Hock, ‘Revisiting our Roots’, in Malaysian Chinese Association journal The Guardian 4, 3 (2007 [1971]).Google Scholar

Tenebaum, Élie, ‘Beyond National Styles: Towards a Connected History of Cold War Counterinsurgency’, in Heuser, Beatrice and Shamir, Eitan (eds.), Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies: National Styles and Strategic Cultures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 313–32.Google Scholar

Thambipillay, Rajasingam, God’s Little Acre, Batu Gajah: A Commemorative Book on the 50th Anniversary of the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) (Ipoh: Perak Planters’ Association, 1998).Google Scholar

Thambipillay, Rajasingam, The Malayan Police Force in the Emergency: Dedicated to Our Fallen Heroes (Ipoh: self-published, 2003).Google Scholar

Thompson, E. P., The English Working Class (London: Victor Gollancz, 1963).Google Scholar

Thompson, Sir Robert, Defeating Communist Insurgency: Experiences in Malaya and Vietnam (London: Chatto & Windus, 1966).Google Scholar

Thompson, Sir Robert, Make for the Hills: Memories of Far Eastern Wars (London: Leo Cooper, 1989).Google Scholar

Thorp, Michael, Elephants, Tigers and Tappers (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2009).Google Scholar

Ting, Helen, ‘Shamsieh Fakeh and Aishah Ghani in Malaya: Nationalists in their Own Right, Feminists Ahead of Their Time’, in Blackburn, Susan and Ting, Helen (ed.), Women in Southeast Asian Nationalist Movements (Singapore: NUS Press, 2013), 147–74.Google Scholar

Ucko, David, ‘Critics Gone Wild: Counterinsurgency as the Root of All Evil’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 25, 1 (2014), 161–79.Google Scholar

Ucko, David, ‘Counterinsurgency as Armed Reform: The Political History of the Malayan Emergency’, Journal of Strategic Studies 42, 3–4 (2019), 448–79.Google Scholar

United States Department of the Army/US Marines, FM3-24, Counterinsurgency (2006). www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-24.pdf.Google Scholar

United States Army/Marine manual, FM3–24.2/FM90-8, FM7-98), Tactics in Counterinsurgency (2009).Google Scholar

Wagner, Kim, ‘Savage Warfare: Violence and the Rule of Colonial Difference in Early British Counterinsurgency’, History Workshop Journal, 85 (2018), 217–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbx053.Google Scholar

An, Wan Jia (ed.), Ying Lie Qian Qiu: Jia Ying Ti Qu ju Niu Gu Shan Shun Nan Lie Shi Jian Jie [Everlasting Heroism: Brief Introduction to the Kajang Niu Gu Hill Martyrs] (Kajang: Kajang Martyrs Committee, 2002).Google Scholar

Gungwu, Wang and Chong, Ong Wei (eds.), Voice of the Malayan Revolution: The CPM Radio War against Singapore and Malaysia, 1969-1981 (Singapore: RSIS, 2009).Google Scholar

Ward, Ian, Sybil Kathigasu, Chin Peng and Norma Miraflor, Faces of Courage: A Revealing Historical Appreciation of Colonial Malaya’s Legendary Kathigasu Family (Singapore: Media Masters, 2006).Google Scholar

Ward, Ian with Miraflor, Norma, Slaughter and Deception at Batang Kali (Singapore: Media Masters, 2009).Google Scholar

West, Hannah, ‘Camp Follower or Counterinsurgent? Lady Templer and the Forgotten Wives’, Small Wars & Insurgencies (2021). doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2020.1860373.Google Scholar

White, Nicholas, Business, Government, and the End of Empire: Malaya, 1942–1957 (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

White, Nicholas, British Business in Post-Colonial Malaysia, 1957–70 (London: Routledge, 2004).Google Scholar