COLOMBIA

Policymakers and Enforcers:

Afonso Salazar, Former Mayor of Medellín

Jay Bergman, Regional Director of Bogotá DEA Office

Gustavo De Greiff Restrepo, First Attorney General of Colombia

César Gaviría Trujillo, Former President of Colombia

Manuel Segundo Hoyos Benítez, Lawyer, Investigation Unit of the Medellín Police

Hugo Martínez Poveda, Former Head of the Bloque de Búsqueda (“Search Block”) police unit that killed Pablo Escobar

Rafael Pardo Rueda, Former Minister of Defense

Enrique Peñalosa, Former Mayor of Bogotá

Rosso José Serrano Cadena, Former Head of the Colombian National Police

Francisco José Sintura Varela, Former Vice Attorney General of Colombia

Anonymous Interview Subjects:

Former M-19 Regional Commander

Police officers wounded during the narco-violence period

Former Judge and fiscal sin rostro (anonymous public prosecutor) during the narco-violence period

Journalists and Academics:

Alvaro Camacho Guizado, Sociologist

Fidel Cano Correa, Journalist and great-grandson of the founder of the newspaper El Espectador

Jorge Cardona, Editor-in-Chief, El Espectador

Daniel Coronell, Editor-in-Chief, Noticias Uno

Francisco (Pacho) Leal Buitrago, Sociologist

Andrés López Restrepo, Sociologist

RIO DE JANEIRO

Policymakers and Enforcers:

Bete Albernaz, UPP Police Academy Instructor

Antônio Carballo Blanco, Founder and First Commandor of GPAE

Tania Dâhmer, Director of Social Services for Penitentiary System of Rio

Antônio Roberto Cesário De Sá, Federal Police Commissioner and Vice-Secretary of Public Security for Rio

Marcelo Freixo, State Legislator

Vinícius George, Former Civil Police Detective, Member of Marcelo Freixo's Cabinet

Julita Lemgruber, Former Director of the Penitentiary System of Rio de Janeiro

Leonardo Mazzurana, Director of UPP Instruction and Research

Guaracy Minguardi, Former National Vice Secretary of Public Safety

Joana Monteiro, Director, Institute for Public Security (ISP)

Luciane Patrício, Director of Education and Prevention in Public Security Secretariat

Robson Rodrigues Da Silva, Founding Commander of the UPP Program

Pedro Strozenberg, Chair, Human Rights Commission of Rio de Janeiro

Dirceu Vianna, Consultant to Public Security Secretariat

Orlando Zaccone, Civil Police Officer, Former Director of Jails

Anonymous Interview Subjects:

Mid-Level Comando Vermelho Manager

Mid-Level Terceiro Comando Manager

Non-Trafficking Former Comando Vermelho Member and Prison Capo

Former Comando Vermelho Drug Boss and Prison Inmate

Former Comando Vermelho Arms Specialist

Former Comando Vermelho Member

Former Terceiro Comando Drug Boss

Former Terceiro Comando Member

Former Terceiro Comando Member