Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T17:04:35.849Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 8 - Myths About Disasters

from Section 1 - The Nature and Impacts of Twenty-First-Century Healthcare Emergencies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2024

Richard Williams
Affiliation:
University of South Wales
Verity Kemp
Affiliation:
Independent Health Emergency Planning Consultant
Keith Porter
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham
Tim Healing
Affiliation:
Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London
John Drury
Affiliation:
University of Sussex
Get access

Summary

Disasters are much misunderstood events, with misassumptions being common currency in popular culture, mass media, and even professional walks of life. We term these the myths of disasters for convenience. Rather than absolute errors of perception, they represent statistical generalisations about what is unlikely to happen in calamity. That people panic is perhaps the most common and enduring myth of all. Panic is a transient phenomenon that occurs only in specific circumstances. Looting, a measure of the breakdown of social order, is also uncommon, although it may occur where preconditions for it exist. Like other misconceptions, these myths fit easily into the ‘Hollywood model’ derived from highly stylised disaster movies. This model is countered by the therapeutic community that sociologists have found in post-disaster settings. Better education and more responsible reporting could do much to reduce beliefs in inaccurate portrayals of the phenomenon.

Type
Chapter
Information
Major Incidents, Pandemics and Mental Health
The Psychosocial Aspects of Health Emergencies, Incidents, Disasters and Disease Outbreaks
, pp. 36 - 41
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Janis, IL. Problems of theory in the analysis of stress behaviour. J Soc Issues 1954; 10: 1225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aguirre, BE The myth of disaster myths. In Oxford Encyclopaedia of Politics (ed. Thompson, WR): 120. Oxford University Press, 2020.Google Scholar
Johnson, NR. Panic and the breakdown of social order: popular myth, social theory, empirical evidence. Sociol Focus 1987; 20: 171–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, JL. Disaster myths and Hurricane Katrina 2005: can public officials and the media learn to provide responsible crisis communications during disasters? Prehosp Disaster Med 2006; 21: 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Ville De Goyet, C. Stop propagating disaster myths. Prehosp Disaster Med 1999; 14: 213–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taleb, NN. The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. Penguin, 2007.Google Scholar
Morgan, O, De Ville de Goyet, C. Dispelling disaster myths about dead bodies and disease: the role of scientific evidence and the media. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2005; 18: 33–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, DE. News reporting of the January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake: the role of common misconceptions. J Emerg Manag 2010; 8: 1527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, MB, ed. The Public Health Consequences of Disasters. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1989.Google Scholar
Babaie, J, Ardalan, A, Vatandoost, H, Goya, MM, Akbarisari, A. Performance assessment of communicable disease surveillance in disasters: a systematic review. PLoS Curr 2015; 7: 114.Google ScholarPubMed
Alexander, DE. Common Misconceptions about Disaster. Disaster Planning and Emergency Management, 2019 (http://emergency-planning.blogspot.com/2019/03/).Google Scholar
Alexander, DE. Misconception as a barrier to teaching about disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med 2007; 22: 95103.Google Scholar
Dynes, RR, Quarantelli, EL. What looting in civil disturbances really means. Trans-Action 1968; 5: 914.Google Scholar
Mitchell, JT, Thomas, DSK, Hill, AA, Cutter, SL. Catastrophe in reel life versus real life: perpetuating disaster myth through Hollywood films. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 2000; 18: 383402.Google Scholar
Tester, K. Panic. Routledge, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, DE. Panic during earthquakes and its urban and cultural contexts. Built Environ 1995; 21: 171–82.Google Scholar
Quarantelli, EL. The sociology of panic. In International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences (eds Smelser, N, Baltes, PB): 11020–30. Pergamon Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Rachman, S, Maser, JD, eds. Panic: Psychological Perspectives. L. Erlbaum Associates, 1988.Google Scholar
Clarke, L, Chess, C. Elites and panic: more to fear than fear itself. Soc Forces 2008; 87: 9931014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosshandler, W, Bryner, N, Madrzykowski, D, Kuntz, K. Report of the Technical Investigation of the Station Nightclub Fire, Volume 1. Report no. NIST NCSTAR 2. US National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2005.Google Scholar
Rose, G. Who cares for which dead and how? British newspaper reporting of the bombings in London, July 2005. Geoforum 2009; 40: 4654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draca, M, Machin, S, Witt, R. Panic on the streets of London: police, crime, and the July 2005 terror attacks. Am Econ Rev 2011; 101: 2157–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haney, JJ, Havice, C, Mitchell, JT. Science or fiction: the persistence of disaster myths in Hollywood films. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 2019; 37: 286305.Google Scholar
Alexander, DE. Looting. In Encyclopedia of Crisis Management (eds Penuel, KB, Statler, M, Hagen, R): 575–8. Sage, 2013.Google Scholar
Quarantelli, EL, Dynes, RR. Property norms and looting: their patterns in community crisis. Phylon 1970; 31: 168–82.Google Scholar
Barsky, L, Trainor, J, Torres, M. Disaster Realities in the Aftermath of Katrina: Revisiting the Looting Myth. Quick Response Report 184. Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2006.Google Scholar
Prati, G, Catufi, V, Pietrantoni, L. Emotional and behavioural reactions to tremors of the Umbria–Marche earthquake. Disasters 2012; 36: 439–51.Google Scholar
Brown, BL. Disaster myth or reality: developing a criminology of disaster. In Disasters, Hazards and Law. Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, Volume 17 (ed. Deflem, M): 317. Emerald Group Publishing, 2012.Google Scholar
Keane, S. Disaster Movies: The Cinema of Catastrophe 2nd ed. Wallflower Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Butzer, KW. Collapse, environment, and society. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 3632–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prince, S. Catastrophe and Social Change: Based Upon a Sociological Study of the Halifax Disaster. Colombia University Press, 1920.Google Scholar
Barton, AH. Communities in Disaster: A Sociological Analysis of Collective Stress Situations. Doubleday, 1970.Google Scholar
Aguirre, BE, Lane, D. Fraud in disaster: rethinking the phases. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 2019; 39: 101232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granot, H. Disaster subcultures. Disaster Prev Manag 1996; 5: 3640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breakwell, GM. The Psychology of Risk 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiagarajan, K. Why is India having a Covid-19 surge? BMJ 2021; 373: n1124.Google Scholar
Finset, A, Bosworth, H, Butow, P, Gulbrandsen, P, Hulsman, RL, Pieterse, AH, et al. Effective health communication: a key factor in fighting the Covid-19 pandemic. Patient Educ Couns 2020; 103: 873–6.Google Scholar
Adger, WN. Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Prog Hum Geogr 2000; 24: 347–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, DE. Social media in disaster risk reduction and crisis management. Sci Eng Ethics 2014; 20: 717–33.Google Scholar
Baccarella, CV, Wagner, TF, Kietzmann, JH, McCarthy, IP. Social media? It’s serious! Understanding the dark side of social media. Eur Manag J 2018; 36: 431–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×