Lane, Ann M., ‘Nietzsche in Russian thought, 1890–1917’ (doctoral thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1976)Google Scholar

Levin, Arthur A., ‘The life and work of Mikhail Osipovich Gershenzon (1869–1925): a study in the history of the Russian Silver Age’ (doctoral thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1968)Google Scholar

Michelson, Patrick Lally, ‘“The first and most sacred right”: religious freedom and the liberation of the Russian nation, 1825–1905’ (doctoral thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2007)Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘The Moscow Psychological Society and the neo-idealist development of Russian liberalism, 1885–1922’ (doctoral thesis, University of Notre Dame, 1996)Google Scholar

Shchukin, Denis V., ‘Deiatel’nost’ fraktsii partii kadetov v III gosudarstvennoi dume’ (doctoral thesis, Voronezh State University, 2005)Google Scholar

Smith, Nathan, ‘The Constitutional-Democratic movement in Russia, 1902–1906’ (doctoral thesis, University of Illinois, 1958)Google Scholar

Zimmerman, Judith E., ‘Between revolution and reaction: the Russian Constitutional Democratic Party, October, 1905 to June, 1907’ (doctoral thesis, Columbia University, 1967)Google Scholar

[n. ed.], Agrarnyi vopros: sbornik statei, 2nd ed. (Moscow: Knigoizdatelʹstvo Beseda, 1906)Google Scholar

Annenkov, P. V., Literaturnye vospominaniia (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo khudozhestvennoi literatury, 1960)Google Scholar

Antonii, Archbishop (Khrapovitskii, A. P.), ‘Otkrytoe pis’mo avtoram sbornika “Vekhi”’, Slovo, 10 May 1909, reprinted in Berdiaev, Dukhovnyi krizis intelligentsiia, pp. 345–8Google Scholar

Arsen’ev, K. K., ‘Prizyv k pokaianiiu’, Vestnik evropy, 3 (1909), reprinted in Nevostrebovannye vozmozhnosti russkogo dukha (Moscow: Institut filosofii RAN, 1995), pp. 58–68Google Scholar

Arsen’ev, K. K. et al., eds., Intelligentsiia v Rossii: sbornik statei (St Petersburg: Zemlia, 1910)Google Scholar

Arsen’ev, K. K. V zashchitu intelligentsii: sbornik statei (Moscow: Zaria, 1909)Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, ‘Bor’ba za idealizm’, Mir bozhii, 6 (1901), reprinted in Sub specie aeternitatis, pp. 5–34Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, ‘Bunt i pokornost’ v psikhologii mass’, Moskovskii ezhenedel’nik (1907), reprinted in Dukhovnoi krizis intelligentsiia, pp. 79–88Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, ‘Demokratiia i meshchanstvo’, Moskovskii ezhenedel’nik, 11 (1906), 332–5, reprinted in Sub specie aeternitatis, pp. 412–18Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, Dukhovnyi krizis intelligentsiia: stat’i po obshchestvennoi i religioznoi psikhologii (1907–9 g.) (Moscow: Kanon + Reabilitatsiia, 1998 (1910))Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, ‘The Ethical Problem in the Light of Philosophical Idealism’, in PI, pp. 161–97Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, ‘N. K. Mikhailovskii i B. N. Chicherin (O lichnosti, ratsionalizme, demokratizme i proch.’, Novyi put’, 10 (1904), reprinted in Sub specie aeternitatis, pp. 198–213Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, Novoe srednevekov’e: razmyshlenie o sud’be Rossii i Evropy (Berlin: Obelisk, 1924)Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, ‘O novom religioznom soznanii’, Voprosy zhizni, 9 (1905), 147–88Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, ‘O novom russkom idealizme’, VFP, 15:5, bk 75 (1904), 683–724Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, ‘Philosophical Verity and Intelligentsia Truth’, in V, pp. 1–16Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, Russkaia ideia. Osnovnye problemy russkoi mysli XIX veka i nachala XX veka (Paris: YMCA Press, 1971 (1946))Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, Samopoznanie: opyt filosofskoi avtobiografii (Paris: YMCA Press, 1983 (1949))Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, Sub specie aeternitatis. Opyty filosofskie, sotsial’nye i literaturnye (1900–1906 g.) ([St Petersburg]: [n. pub.], 1907)Google Scholar

Berdiaev, Nikolai, Sub”ektivizm i individualizm v obshchestvennoi filosofii. Kriticheskii etiud o N. K. Mikhailovskom, intro. Struve, Pëtr (Moscow: Astrel’, 2008 (1901))Google Scholar

Boborykin, P. D. et al., eds., Po vekham: sbornik statei ob intelligentsii i “natsional’nom litse”, 2nd ed. (Moscow: Obshchestvennaia pol’za, 1909)Google Scholar

Bulgakov, S. N., ‘Basic Problems of the Theory of Progress’, in PI, pp. 85–123Google Scholar

Bulgakov, S. N., ‘Dushevnaia drama Gertsena’, in Ot marksizma k idealizmu, pp. 161–94Google Scholar

Bulgakov, S. N., ‘Heroism and Asceticism: Reflections on the Religious Nature of the Russian Intelligentsia’, in V, pp. 17–49Google Scholar

Bulgakov, S. N., ‘O sotsial’nom ideale’, in Ot marksizma k idealizmu, pp. 288–316Google Scholar

Bulgakov, S. N., ‘O zakonomernosti sotsial’nykh iavlenii’, VFP, 8:5, bk 35 (1896), 575–611Google Scholar

Bulgakov, S. N., Ot marksizma k idealizmu: sbornik statei (1896–1903) (St Petersburg: Obshchestvennaia pol’za, 1903)Google Scholar

Bulgakov, S. N., ‘Religiia chelovekobozhestva u L. Feierbacha’, Voprosy zhizni, 10 (1905), 236–79; 12 (1905), 74–102Google Scholar

Bulgakov, S. N., ‘Religiia i politika. (K voprosu ob obrazovanii politicheskikh partii)’, PZ, 13 (1906), 118–27Google Scholar

Chernov, Viktor (Ia. Vechev), ‘Pravovye idei v russkoi literature’, in “Vekhi” kak znamenie vremeni: sbornik statei, ed. Avksent’ev, N. et al. (Moscow: Zveno, 1910), pp. 174–260Google Scholar

Chicherin, B. N., ‘Contemporary Tasks of Russian Life’, in Liberty, Equality and the Market, ed. Hamburg, , pp. 111–40Google Scholar

Chicherin, B. N., Filosofiia prava (St Petersburg: Nauka, 1998 (1900))Google Scholar

Chicherin, B. N., ‘O nachalakh etiki’, VFP, 8:4, bk 39 (1897), 586–701Google Scholar

Chicherin, B. N., ‘Obvinitel’nyi akt’ [title given by Herzen], Kolokol, 1 December 1858, pp. 4–7Google Scholar

Chuprov, A. A., Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaia partiia i sotsializm (Moscow: Lissner i Sobko, 1906)Google Scholar

Dostoevskii, F. M., Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v tridtsati tomakh (St Petersburg: Nauka, 1972–88)Google Scholar

Dragomanov, M. P. and Antonovich, V. B., eds., Istoricheskie pesni malorusskogo naroda (Kyiv: Frits, 1874)Google Scholar

Frank, S. L., Biografiia P. B. Struve (New York: Izdatel’stvo imeni Chekhova, 1956)Google Scholar

Frank, S. L., Dukhovnye osnovy obshchestva: vvedenie v sotsial’nuiu filosofiiu, ed. Alekseev, P. V. (Moscow: Respublika, 1992 (1930))Google Scholar

Frank, S. L., ‘The Ethic of Nihilism: A Characterization of the Russian Intelligentsia’s Moral Outlook’, in V, pp. 131–55Google Scholar

Frank, S. L., ‘Pis’ma S. L. Franka k N. A. i P. B. Struve’, no. 22, 5 May 1905, reprinted in Put’: Mezhdunarodnyi filosofskii zhurnal, 1 (1992), 263–311Google Scholar

Frank, S. L., ‘Politika i idei. (O programme “Poliarnoi zvezdy”)’, PZ, 1 (1905), 18–31Google Scholar

Gessen, Iosif, V dvukh vekakh: zhiznennyi otchet’ (Berlin: 1937)Google Scholar

Gershenzon, M. O., ‘Creative Self-Consciousness’, in V, pp. 51–69Google Scholar

Gershenzon, M. O., ‘Preface to the First Edition’, in V, pp. xxxvii–xxxviiiGoogle Scholar

Gertsen, A. I. (Alexander, Herzen), From the Other Shore and the Russian People and Socialism, intro. Berlin, Isaiah, trans. Budberg, Moura and Wollheim, Richard (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979)Google Scholar

Gertsen, A. I. and Ogarëv, Nikolai, Golosa iz Rossii, 4 vols. (Moscow: Nauka, 1974)Google Scholar

Granovskii, T. N., ‘O sovremennom sostoianii i znachenii Vseobshchei Istorii’ (1852), reprinted in Sochineniia, 4th ed. (Moscow: Mamontov, 1900 (1852)), pp. 13–30Google Scholar

Iakovenko, B. V., ‘O zadachakh filosofii v Rossii’ (1910), reprinted in Moshch’ filosofii (St Petersburg: Nauka, 2000), pp. 653–660Google Scholar

Ignatov, I., ‘Intelligentsiia na skam’e podsudimykh’, Russkie vedomosti, nos. 69, 85, reprinted in V zashchitu intelligentsii, ed. Arsen’ev et al., pp. 78–100Google Scholar

[n. a.], ‘Iiul’skii zemskii s”ezd: protokol’ s”ezda’, O, 76 (2 September 1905), 447–60Google Scholar

Iushkevich, P. S., Novye veianiia: ocherki sovremennykh religioznykh iskanii (St Petersburg: Prometei, 1910)Google Scholar

Izgoev, A. S., ‘Intelligentsiia i “Vekhi” (Vmesto predisloviia)’, in Russkoe obshchestvo, pp. 3–11Google Scholar

Izgoev, A. S., ‘Likvidatsiia’, RM, 1 (1908), 119–42Google Scholar

Izgoev, A. S., ‘Natsional’nye i religioznye voprosy v sovremennoi Rossii’, RM, 5 (1908), 122–37Google Scholar

Izgoev, A. S., ‘On Educated Youth: Notes on Its Life and Sentiments’, in V, pp. 71–90Google Scholar

Izgoev, A. S., Russkoe obshchestvo i revoliutsiia (Moscow: Russkaia mysl’, 1910)Google Scholar

Izgoev, A. S., ‘Samoderzhavie i obshchestvennaia zhizn’’, RM (1907), reprinted in Russkoe obshchestvo, pp. 12–26Google Scholar

Kavelin, K. D., ‘Vzgliad na iuridicheskii byt drevnei Rossii’ (1847), reprinted in Sobranie sochinenii, [n. ed.], 4 vols. (St Petersburg: Glagolev, 1897), vol. 1, pp. 5–66.Google Scholar

Kireevskii, I. V., ‘O kharaktere prosveshcheniia Evropy i o ego otnoshenii k prosveshcheniiu Rossii. Pis’mo k grafu E. E. Komarovskomy’ (1852), reprinted in Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v chetyrëkh tomax, ed. Malyshevskii, A. F. (Kaluga: Grif, 2006) vol. 1, pp. 71–126Google Scholar

Kireevskii, I. V., ‘V otvet A. S. Khomiakovu’ (1834), reprinted ibid., pp. 33–46Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., ‘Georg Jellinek kak myslitel’ i chelovek’, RM, 32 (1911), 77–86Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., (Theodor Kistiakowski), Gesellschaft und Einzelwesen: Eine methodologische Studie (Berlin: Liebmann, 1899)Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., ‘Gosudarstvo pravovoe i sotsialisticheskoe’, VFP, 17:5, bk 85 (1906), 469–507, reprinted in Voprosy filosofii, 6 (1990), 141–59Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., ‘In Defense of Law: The Intelligentsia and Legal Consciousness’, in V, pp. 91–113Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., ‘Kak osushchestvit’ edinoe narodnoe predstavitel’stvo?’, RM, 3 (1907), 113–34; 4 (1907) 49–71; 6 (1907) 156–68Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., ‘Kategorii neobkhodimosti i spravedlivosti pri issledovanii sotsial’nykh iavlenii’, Zhizn’ (1900), reprinted in Sotsial’nye nauki, pp. 120–88Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., ‘Prava cheloveka i grazhdanina’, Voprosy zhizni, 1 (1905), 116–42Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., ‘Predislovie’, in Zimmel’, G., Sotsial’naia differentsiatsiia. Sotsiologicheskie i psikhologicheskie issledovaniia (Moscow: Sabashnikovy, 1909), pp. i–xGoogle Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., ‘The “Russian Sociological School” and the Category of Possibility in the Solution of Social–Ethical Problems’, in Problems of Idealism, ed. Poole, pp. 325–55Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., Sotsial’nye nauki i pravo: ocherki po metodologii sotsial’nykh nauk i obshchei teorii prava (Moscow: Sabashnikovy, 1916)Google Scholar

Kistiakovskii, B. A., ‘V zashchitu nauchno-filosofskogo idealizma’, VFP, 18:1, bk 86 (1907), 57–109, reprinted with slight modifications ibid., pp. 189–254Google Scholar

Kizevetter, A. A., Na rubezhe dvukh stoletii (Vospominaniia 1881–1914) (Prague: Izdatel’stvo Orbis, 1929)Google Scholar

Kizevetter, A. A., ed., Napadki na partiiu narodnoi svobody i vozrazheniia na nikh (Moscow, Lissner i Sobko, 1906)Google Scholar

Kizevetter, A. A., ‘O sbornike “Vekhi”’, RM, 5 (1909), 127–137Google Scholar

Kotliarevskii, S. A., ‘Klassovye interesy i gosudarstvennye tseli’, PZ, 1 (1905), 73–80Google Scholar

Kotliarevskii, S. A., Konstitutsionnoe gosudarstvo: opyt politiko-morfologicheskogo obzora (St Petersburg: Tipografiia Al’tshulera, 1907)Google Scholar

Kotliarevskii, S. A., ‘M. M. Kovalevskii i ego nauchnoe nasledie’, in M. M. Kovalevskii: Uchenyi, gosudarstvennyi i obshchestvennyi deiatel’ i grazhdanin, ed. Arsen’ev, K. (St Petersburg: 1917), pp. 121–35.Google Scholar

Kotliarevskii, S. A., ‘Politika i kul’tura’, VFP, 17:4, bk 84 (1906), 353–67Google Scholar

Kotliarevskii, S. A., ‘Predposylki demokratii’, VFP, 16:2, bk 77 (1905), 104–27Google Scholar

Kotliarevskii, S. A., Vlast’ i pravo. Problema pravovogo gosudarstva (Moscow: Tipografiia Mysl’, Mesniankin, 1915)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, E. P., ‘Otryvki iz vospominanii prof. Maksima Kovalevskogo’, in Moskovskii universitet, 1755–1930: iubileinyi sbornik, ed. El’iashevich, V. B. et al. (Paris: Sovremennye zapiski, 1930), pp. 275–93Google Scholar

Kovalevskii(Kovalewsky), M. M., Coutume contemporaine et loi ancienne. Droit coutumier ossétien, éclairé par l’histoire comparée (Paris: Larose, 1893)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, La crise russe: Notes et impressions d’un témoin (Paris: Girard et Brière, 1906)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Dve zhizni’, Vestnik evropy, 6 (1909), 495–522; 7 (1909), 5–23Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, D. I. Kachenovskii. Kharakteristika D. I. Kachenovskogo v sviazi s lichnymi o nëm vospominaniiami (Kharkiv: Soobshchenie v torzhestvennom zasedanii Khar’kovskogo Iuridicheskogo Obshchestva, 1903) pp. 23–42Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, Istoriko-sravnitel’nyi metod v iurisprudentsii i priemy izucheniia istorii prava (Moscow: 1880)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, Modern Customs and Ancient Laws of Russia: The Ilchester Lectures for 1889–90 (London: David Nutt, 1891)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, Moia zhizn’: vospominaniia (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2005)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Moe nauchnoe i literaturnoe skital’chestvo’, RM, 1 (1895) section 2, 61–80Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, Ocherk istorii raspadeniia obshchinnogo zemlevladeniia v kantone Vaadt (London, 1876)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Le passage historique de la propriété collective à la propriétè individuelle’, Annales de l’Institut International de Sociologie, 2 (1895), 175–230Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Predislovie’, Obshchinnoe zemlevladenie: prichiny, khod i posledstviia ego razlozheniia, 2 vols. (Moscow: Miller, 1879), vol. 1, pp. i–viiGoogle Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Progress’, Vestnik evropy, 2 (1912), 225–60Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, Proiskhozhdenie sovremennoi demokratii, 4 vols. (Moscow: Mamontov, 1895–97)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Proshloe i nastoiashchee krest’ianskogo zemleustroistva’, Vestnik evropy, 5 (1911), 234–64Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Psychologie et sociologie’, Annales de l’Institut International de Sociologie (1904), 247–73Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Rabochii vopros vo Frantsii nakanune revoliutsii’, RM, 2 (1893), 1–29Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Sovremennye frantsuzskie sotsiologi’, Vestnik evropy, 7 (1913), 339–69Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, Sotsiologiia, 2 vols. (St Petersburg: 1910)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Spor o sel’skoi obshchine v Komissii Gosudarstvennogo Soveta’, Vestnik evropy, 1 (1910), 259–84; 3 (1910), 259–72Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Sud’by obshchinnogo zemlevladeniia v nashei verkhnei palate’, Vestnik evropy, 6 (1910), 58–81Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, Tableau des origines et de l’évolution de la famille et de la propriété (Stockholm: Samson & Wallin, 1890)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Teoriia zaimstvovaniia Tarda’, Vestnik vospitaniia, 9 (1903), 1–15Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘The Origin and Growth of Village Communities in Russia’, Archaeological Review, 1 (1888), 266–73Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, Umriss einer Geschichte der Zerstückelung der Feldgemeinschaft im Kanton Waadt (Zurich: Schmidt, 1877)Google Scholar

Kovalevskii, ‘Vzaimootnoshenie svobody i obshchestvennoi solidarnosti: glava iz istorii progressa’, in Intelligentsiia v Rossii, ed. Arsen’ev, et al., pp. 59–88Google Scholar

Kunitsyn, A. P., ‘O konstitutsii’, Syn otechestva, 45 (1818), 202–11Google Scholar

Kuz’min-Karavaev, V., ‘M. M. Kovalevskii v pervoi Dume’, in M. M. Kovalevskii. Uchenyi, pp. 87–93Google Scholar

Lenin, Vladimir, ‘O prave natsii na samoopredelenie’, Prosveshchenie, 4–6 (June 1914), reprinted in Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 25, pp. 257–320Google Scholar

Lur’e, S. V., ‘O sbornike “Vekhi”’, RM, 5 (1909), reprinted in Vekhi: Pro et Contra, ed. Sapov, pp. 285–95Google Scholar

Lur’e, S. V., ‘Zhizn’ i idei (Otvet S. L. Franku)’, RM, 7 (1909), 162–9Google Scholar

Maklakov, V. A., ‘Agrarnye bezporiadki: Dolbenkovskoe delo (30 iuniia 1905)’, in Rechi: sudebnye, dumskie i publichnye lektsii, 1904–1926 gg. (Paris: Izdanie iubileinogo komiteta, 1949), pp. 37–41Google Scholar

Maklakov, V. A., Iz vospominanii (New York: Izdatel’stvo imeni Chekhova, 1954)Google Scholar

Maklakov, V. A., Pervaia gosudarstvennaia duma: vospominaniia sovremennika (Paris: Beresniak, 1939)Google Scholar

Maklakov, V. A., Vlast’ i obshchestvennost’ na zakate staroi Rossii: vospominaniia sovremennika, 2 vols. (Paris: Illiustrirovannaia Rossiia, 1936)Google Scholar

Maklakov, V. A., Vtoraia gosudarstvennaia duma: vospominaniia sovremennika (Paris: Renaissance, [1942(?)])Google Scholar

Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich, Perepiska K. Marksa i F. Engel’sa s russkimi politicheskimi deiateliami, 2nd ed. (Moscow: Gos. izd. polit. lit., 1951)Google Scholar

Merezhkovskii, D. S., Ne mir, no mech: k budushchei kritike khristianstva, in Polnoe sobranie sochinenii Dmitriia Sergeevicha Merezhkovskogo, [n. ed.], 24 vols. (Moscow: Sytin, 1914), vol. 13Google Scholar

Mikhailovskii, N. K., ‘Literaturnye zametki 1880 g.’, in Sochineniia N. K. Mikhailovskogo, [n. ed.], 6 vols. (St Petersburg: Russkoe bogatstvo, 1896–97), vol. 4, pp. 837–1020Google Scholar

Mikhailovskii, N. K., ‘Pis’ma o pravde i nepravde (1877 g.)’, ibid., pp. 381–464Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel (Paul Milyoukov), ‘Bolgarskaia konstitutsiia’, parts 1–3, Russkoe bogatstvo (August 1904) 193–216; (September 1904), 26–69; (October 1904), 28–59Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel Constitutional Government for Russia (New York: The Civic Forum, 1908)Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘Derzhavnyi maskerad’, O, 19 (19 March 1903), 321–23Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel God bor’by: publitsisticheskaia khronika, 1905–1906 (St Petersburg: Obshchestvennaia pol’za, 1907)Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘Intelligentsiia i istoricheskaia traditsiia’, in Intelligentsiia v Rossii, ed. Arsen’ev et al., pp. 89–191Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘Iuridicheskaia shkola v russkoi istoriografii (Solov’ëv, Kavelin, Chicherin, Sergeevich)’, RM, 6 (1886), 80–92Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel Iz istorii russkoi intelligentsii (St Petersburg: Znanie, 1902)Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘K ocherednym voprosam. I.’, O, 17 (16 February 1903), 289–92Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘Liberalizm, radikalizm i revoliutsiia’, Sovremennye zapiski, 57 (1935), 285–315Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel Natsional’nyi vopros: Proiskhozhdenie natsional’nosti i natsional’nye voprosy v Rossii (Prague: 1925)Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘Novoe “uchrezhdenie gosud. dumy” 20-go fevralia’, 1906, reprinted in God bor’by, pp. 86–91Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel Ocherki po istorii russkoi kul’tury, vols. 1–3 (St Petersburg: Mir bozhii, 1896)Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel [unsigned article], ‘Ot russkikh konstitutsionalistov’, O, 1 (18 June 1902), 7–12Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel (Milyoukov, Paul), Russia and Its Crisis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1905)Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel (Miliukov, Paul), Russia Today and Tomorrow (New York: Macmillan, 1922)Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘Sud nad kadetskim liberalizmom’, Sovremennye zapiski, 41 (1930), 347–71Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘Taktika k.-d. bol’shinstva v dume po otnosheniiu k levym i k pravym’, Rech’, 34 (29 March), reprinted in God bor’by, pp. 234–39Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel Tri popytki: k istorii russkogo lzhe-konstitutsionalizma (Paris: Izdatel’stvo Franko-russkaia pechat’, 1921)Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘U nas net vragov sleva’, Rech’, 22 September 1907, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel Vospominaniia (1859–1917), ed. Karpovich, M. M. and El’kin, B. I., 2 vols. (New York: Izdatel’stvo imeni Chekhova, 1955)Google Scholar

Miliukov, Pavel ‘Vstupitel’naia rech’ na uchreditel’nom s”ezde k.-d. partii 14-go oktiabria 1905 goda’, reprinted in God bor’by, pp. 97–101Google Scholar

Mukhanov, A. A. and Nabokov, V. D., eds., Pervaia gosudarstvennaia duma: sbornik statei, 3 vols. (St Petersburg: [n. pub.], 1907)Google Scholar

Muromtsev, S. A., Grazhdanskoe pravo drevnego Rima: lektsii (Moscow: Mamontov, 1883)Google Scholar

Nakaz Ekateriny II Komissii o sostavlenii proekta novogo Ulozheniia (1767), in Rossiiskii obshcheobrazovatel’nyi portal, http://doc.histrf.ru/18/nakaz-ekateriny-ii-komissii-o-sostavlenii-proekta-novogo-ulozheniya [accessed 25 March 2016]Google Scholar

[n. a.], Novaia Duma: platforma partii narodnoi svobody (St Petersburg: Avidon, 1907)Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Dva etiuda I. Pered zavesoi. II. Pravo na dostoinoe chelovecheskoe sushchestvovanie’, PZ, 3 (1905), 210–22Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Ethical Idealism in the Philosophy of Law (On the Question of the Revival of Natural Law)’, in PI, pp. 274–324Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Foreword to the Russian Edition’, in PI, pp. 81–3Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Gosudarstvo i pravo’, VFP, I, 15:4, bk 74 (1904), 397–446; II, 15:5, bk 75 (1904), 508–38Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Ideia prava v filosofii Vl. S. Solov’ëva’, VFP, 12:1, bk 56 (1901), 112–29Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., Istoricheskaia shkola iuristov, eë proiskhozhdenie i sud’ba (Moscow: Universitetskaia tipografiia, 1896)Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., Iz lektsii po istorii filosofii prava: ucheniia novogo vremeni, XVI–XVIII vv. (Moscow: Knizhnoe delo, 1904)Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘K voprosu o sovremennykh filosofskikh iskaniiakh. (Otvet L. I. Petrazhitskomu)’, VFP, 14:1, bk 66 (1903), 121–45Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., Kant i Gegel’ v ikh ucheniiakh o prave i gosudarstve (St Petersburg: Aleteiia, 2000 (1901))Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Kant, kak moralist’, VFP, 16:1, bk 76 (1905), 19–35Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Moral i poznanie’, VFP, 13:2, bk 64 (1902), 824–38Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Nravstvennaia problema v filosofii Kanta’, VFP, 12:2, bk 57 (1901), 279–314Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., Ob obshchestvennom ideale, 3rd ed. (Berlin: Slovo, 1921)Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Pravo estestvennoe’, in Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’, ed. Andreevskii, I. E. et al., 86 vols. (St Petersburg: Brokgauz i Efron, 1898), vol. 48, 885–90Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Pravo i nravstvennost’’, in Sbornik po obshchestvenno-iuridicheskim naukam, ed. Gambarov, Iu. S. (St Petersburg: Popov, 1899), pp. 113–36Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Pravoslavnaia tserkov’ v eë otnoshenii k dukhovnoi zhizni novoi Rossii’, RM, 1–2 (1922), 193–221Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ed., Problemy idealizma: sbornik statei (Moscow: Moskovskoe psikhologicheskoe obshchestvo, 1902)Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Prof. V. I. Ger’e o pervoi gosudarstvennoi Dume’, RM, 28 (1907), 19–25Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Sovremmenye otzvuki slavianofil’stva’, Voprosy zhizni, 6 (1905), 354–82Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., ‘Sushchestvo russkogo pravoslavnogo soznaniia’, in Pravoslavie i kul’tura: sbornik religiozno-filosofskikh statei, ed. Zenkovskii, V. V. (Berlin: Russkaia kniga, 1923), pp. 7–23Google Scholar

Novgorodtsev, P. I., Vvedenie v filosofiiu prava. Krizis sovremennogo pravosoznaniia (St Petersburg: MVD Rossii Sankt-Peterburgskii Universitet, 2000 (1909))Google Scholar

Ostrogorskii, M. Ia., La démocratie et l’organisation des parties politiques (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1903)Google Scholar

Ovsiannikovo-Kulikovskii, D. I., ‘Psikhologiia russkoi intelligentsii’, in Intelligentsiia v Rossii, ed. Arsen’ev et al., pp. 192–219Google Scholar

Pavlov, D. B. et al., eds., Protokoly tsentral’nogo komiteta i zagranichnykh grupp konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii, 1905 – seredina 1930-kh gg, 6 vols. (Moscow: Progress-Akademiia, 1994–99)Google Scholar

Pavlov, D. B. and Shelokhaev, V. V., eds., Rossiiskie liberaly: kadety i oktiabristy (dokumenty, vospominaniia, publitsistika) (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2001)Google Scholar

Pearson, Raymond, ed., Vtoroi vserossiiskii s”ezd Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii, 5–11 ianvaria 1906 g. (White Plains, NY: Kraus International, 1986)Google Scholar

Petrunkevich, I. I., ‘Intelligentsiia i “Vekhi”: vmesto predisloviia’, in Intelligentsiia v Rossii, ed. Arsen’ev et al., pp. iii–xvGoogle Scholar

Petrunkevich, I. I., Iz zapisok obshchestvennogo deiatelia (Berlin: Arkhiv russkoi revoliutsii, vol. 21, 1934)Google Scholar

Plekhanov, G. V., K voprosu o razvitii monisticheskogo vzgliada na istoriiu, 4th ed. (St Petersburg: Obshchestvennaia pol’za, 1906 (1895))Google Scholar

Plekhanov, G. V., ‘K voprosu o roli lichnosti v istorii’, Nauchnoe obozrenie, 3–4 (1898), reprinted in Izbrannye filosofskie proizvedeniia v 5 tomax (Moscow: Izdatel’stvo sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoi literatury, 1956–58), vol. 2, pp. 300–34Google Scholar

[n. ed.], Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii (1881–1917), 33 vols. (St Petersburg: Otdelenie svoda zakonov Gosudarstvennoi kantseliarii et al., 1882–1917)Google Scholar

Radishchev, A. N., ‘Puteshestvie iz Peterburga v Moskvu’ (1790), in Izbrannye filosofskie sochineniia, ed. Shchipanova, I. Ia. et al. (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury, 1949), pp. 37–199Google Scholar

Radishchev, A. N., Puteshestvie iz Peterburga v Moskvu; Volnost’, ed. Zapadov, V. A. (St Petersburg: Nauka, 1992)Google Scholar

Shakhovskoi, D. I., ‘Soiuz osvobozhdeniia’, Zarnitsy. Literaturno-politicheskii sbornik, 2, part 2 (1909), 81–171Google Scholar

Shipov, D. N., Vospominaniia i dumy o perezhitom (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2007 (1918))Google Scholar

Shternberg, L. Ia., ‘Starye i novye bogoiskateli’, Zaprosy zhizni, 4 (1909), 12–17Google Scholar

Sokolov, N. M., Ob ideiakh i idealakh russkoi intelligentsii (St Petersburg: [n. pub.], 1904)Google Scholar

Sorokin, Pitrim, ‘Teoriia faktorov M. M. Kovalevskogo’, in M. M. Kovalevskii, pp. 180–95Google Scholar

[n. ed.], Stenograficheskii otchet. Gosudarstvennaia Duma (St Petersburg: Gosudarstvennaia tipografiia, 1906) vol. 1Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Germanskie vybory’, O, 1 (25) (18 June 1903), 3–5Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘The Intelligentsia and Revolution’, in V, pp. 115–29Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Intelligentsiia i natsional’noe litso’, Slovo, 10 March 1909, reprinted in Po vekham, ed. Boborykin, P. D. et al., pp. 32–6Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Istoricheskii smysl russkoi revoliutsii i natsional’nye zadachi’, in Askol’dov, Sergei A. (ed.), Iz glubiny: Sbornik statei o russkoi revoliutsii (New York: YMCA Press, 1967 [1918]), 285–306Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Liberalizm i t. n. “revoliutsionnye” napravleniia’, O, 7 (18 September 1902), 104–05Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Kak naiti sebia?’, O, 71 (18 May 1905), 337–43Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Na raznye temy’, RM, 2 (1908), 174–84Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., Na raznye temy (1893–1901 gg.): sbornik statei (St Petersburg: Tipografiia Kolpinskogo, 1902)Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Ot redaktora’, O, 1 (18 June 1902), 1–7Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Оtryvki o gosudarstve i natsii’, RM, 5 (1908), 187–93Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Palach naroda’, O, 64 (12 January 1905), 233Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Predislovie’, in Berdiaev, Sub”ektivizm i individualizm, pp. 13–73Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., (P. G.), ‘Toward Characterization of our Philosophical Development’, in PI, pp. 143–60Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘V chem zhe istinnyi natsionalizm?’, VFP, 12:4, bk 59 (1901), 493–528Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Velikaia Rossiia. Iz razmyshlenii o probleme russkogo mogushchestva’, RM, 1 (1908), 143–57Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Voprosy taktiki’, O, 67 (5 March 1905), 280Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Zametki o sovremennykh delakh’, O, 78–79 (5 October 1905), 495–98Google Scholar

Struve, P. B., ‘Zametki publitsista: I. Coup d’etat 20 fevralia. II. O boikote. III. Smertnaia kazn’’, PZ, 12 (1906), 76–83Google Scholar

Struve, P. B. and Frank, S. L., ‘Ocherki filosofii kul’tury. 1. Chto takoe kul’tura?’, PZ, 2 (1905), 104–17Google Scholar

Suslov, M., “‘Slavophilism Is True Liberalism’: The Political Utopia of S. F. Sharapov (1855–1911)’, Russian History, 38 (2011), 281–314Google Scholar

Struve, P. B. and Frank, S. L., ‘Ocherki filosofii kul’tury. 2. Kul’tura i lichnost’’, PZ, 3 (1905), 170–84Google Scholar

Turgenev, Ivan, Otsy i deti (Moscow and Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel’stvo Detskoi Literatury, Ministerstva Prosveshcheniia RSFSR, 1950)Google Scholar

Trubetskaia, O. N., Kniaz’ S. N. Trubetskoi: vospominaniia sestry (New York: Izdatel’stvo imeni Chekhova, 1953)Google Scholar

Trubetskoi, E. N., ‘Filosofiia prava Prof. L. I. Petrazhitskogo’, VFP, 12:2, bk 57 (1901), 9–33Google Scholar

Trubetskoi, E. N., Mirosozertsanie Vl. S. Solov’ëva, 2 vols. (Moscow: Mamontov, 1913)Google Scholar

Trubetskoi, E. N., ‘Toward Characterization of the Theory of Marx and Engels on the Significance of Ideas in History’, in PI, pp. 124–42Google Scholar

Trubetskoi, E. N., ‘“Vekhi” i ikh kritiki’, Moskovskii ezhenedel’nik, 23 (1909), 1–18Google Scholar

Trubetskoi, E. N., Vospominaniia (Sofia: Rossiisko-bolgarskoe knigoizdatel’stvo, 1921)Google Scholar

Tugan-Baranovskii, M. I., ‘Intelligentsiia i sotsializm’, in Intelligentsiia v Rossii, ed. Arsen’ev, et al., pp. 235–58Google Scholar

Tyrkova-Williams, Ariadna, ‘The Cadet Party’, Russian Review, 12 (1953), 173–86Google Scholar

Tyrkova-Williams, Ariadna, (Ariadna Tyrkova-Vil’iams), Na putiakh k svobode (Moscow: Moskovskaia shkola politicheskikh issledovanii, 2007 (1952))Google Scholar

[n. a.], ‘Utrennee zasedanie 22 aprelia’, in Protokoly III obshcheimperskogo delegatskogo s”ezda partii narodnoi svobody (konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi), [n. ed.] (St Petersburg: Obshchestvennaia pol’za, 1906), pp. 42–56Google Scholar

Vinaver, M. M., Konflikty v pervoi Dume (St Petersburg: Minkov, 1907)Google Scholar

Vinogradov, P. G., ‘O progresse’, VFP, 9:2, bk 42 (1898), 254–313Google Scholar

Vinogradov, P. G., (Vinogradoff, P. G.), ‘Preface’, Villainage in England: Essays in English Mediaeval History (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1892), pp. v–xGoogle Scholar

Vinogradov, P. G., ‘Review: Thoughts and Reminiscences of D. N. Shipov’, Slavonic Review, 2 (1924), 641–44Google Scholar

Volobuev, O. V. et al., eds., ‘Vtoroi s”ezd Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii 5–11 ianvaria 1906 goda’, in S”ezdy i konferentsii konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii, 1905–1920 gg., 3 vols. (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1997–2000), vol. 1, pp. 45–198Google Scholar

Solov’ëv, V. S., ‘Istoricheskie dela filosofii’ (1880), in Sobranie sochinenii Vladimira Sergeevicha Solov’ëva, ed. Solov’ëv, S. M. and Radlov, E. L., 2nd ed., 10 vols. (St Petersburg: Knigoizdatel’skoe tovarishchestvo Prosveshchenie, 1911–14), vol. 2, pp. 399–413Google Scholar

Solov’ëv, V. S., Kritika otvlechënnykh nachal, in Sobranie sochinenii, pp. 3–397Google Scholar

Solov’ëv, V. S., Opravdanie dobra: nravstvennaia filosofiia Vladimira Solov’ëva (St Petersburg: Tipografiia Stasiulevicha, 1897)Google Scholar

Solov’ëv, V. S., The Justification of the Good: An Essay on Moral Philosophy, ed. Jakim, Boris, trans. Duddington, Nathalie A. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2005)Google Scholar

[n. a.], ‘Zemtsy-konstitutsionalisty o konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii’, Zhurnal s”ezda gruppy zemtsev-konstitutsionalistov 9–10 iiulia 1905 goda v Moskve, reprinted in ‘Prilozhenie k No. 78/79’, O (5 October 1905), 1–14Google Scholar

Abramov, A. I., ‘Kant v russkoi dukhovno-akademicheskoi filosofii’, in Kant i filosofiia, ed. Kamenskii et al., pp. 81–113Google Scholar

Abramov, A. I., ‘Kantianstvo v russkoi universitetskoi filosofii’, Voprosy filosofii, 1 (1998), 58–69Google Scholar

Aksenov, G. P., ‘Lichnost’ kak osnova liberal’noi idei’, in Russkii liberalizm, ed. Shelokhaev et al., pp. 217–25Google Scholar

Amelina, Elena M., Problema obshchestvennogo ideala v russkoi religioznoi filosofii kontsa XIX–XX vv. (Kaluga: Eidos, 2004)Google Scholar

Antoshchenko, Aleksandr, Russkii liberal-anglofil Pavel Gavrilovich Vinogradov: monografiia (Petrozavodsk: Izdatel’stvo PetrGU, 2010)Google Scholar

Arblaster, Anthony, The Rise and Decline of Western Liberalism (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984)Google Scholar

Ascher, Abraham, ‘Introduction’, in Russian Revolution, ed. Smele and Heywood, pp. 1–12Google Scholar

Ascher, Abraham, The Revolution of 1905: Russia in Disarray (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988)Google Scholar

Ascher, Abraham, The Revolution of 1905: Authority Restored (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992)Google Scholar

Asquith, H. H., ‘Introduction’, in Samuel, Herbert, Liberalism: An Attempt to State the Principles and Proposals of Contemporary Liberalism in England (London: Richards, 1902), pp. vii–xiGoogle Scholar

Avineri, Shlomo, Hegel’s Theory of the Modern State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972)Google Scholar

Avrekh, A. Ia., Stolypin i tret’ia duma (Moscow: Nauka, 1968)Google Scholar

Avrekh, A. Ia., ‘Vopros o zapadnom zemstve i bankrotstvo Stolypina’, Istoricheskie zapiski, 70 (1961), 61–112Google Scholar

Badredinov, Evgeny, Problems of Modernization in Late Imperial Russia: Maksim M. Kovalevskii on Social and Economic Reform (published PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University, 2005)Google Scholar

Baker, Keith et al., eds., The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture, 4 vols. (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987–94)Google Scholar

Ball, Terence and Bellamy, Richard, The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003)Google Scholar

Baluev, B. P., Liberal’noe narodnichestvo na rubezhe XIX–XX vekov (Moscow: Nauka, 1995)Google Scholar

Barran, Thomas, Russia Reads Rousseau, 1762–1825 (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2002)Google Scholar

Bellamy, Richard, Liberalism and Modern Society: A Historical Argument (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992)Google Scholar

Benson, Peter, ‘External Freedom according to Kant’, Columbia Law Review, 87 (1987), 559–79Google Scholar

Berest, Julia, The Emergence of Russian Liberalism: Alexander Kunitsyn in Context, 1783–1840 (New York: Palgrave, 2011)Google Scholar

Berlin, Isaiah, Russian Thinkers, ed. Hardy, Henry and Kelly, Aileen (London: Penguin, 1978)Google Scholar

Berlin, Isaiah, ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’ (1958), in Liberty: Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty, ed. Hardy, Henry (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 166–217Google Scholar

Bernstein, Eduard, Die Voraussetzungen des Sozialismus und die Aufgaben der Sozialdemokratie (Stuttgart: Dietz Nachf, 1899)Google Scholar

Bernstein, Eduard, ‘Probleme des Sozialismus’, series of articles published in Die Neue Zeit, 1896–98Google Scholar

Billington, James H., The Icon and the Axe: An Interpretive History of Russian Culture (New York: Vintage Books, 1970)Google Scholar

Bird, Robert, ‘Imagination and Ideology in the New Religious Consciousness’, in Russian Philosophy, ed. Hamburg and Poole, pp. 266–84Google Scholar

Bird, Robert, The Russian Prospero: The Creative Universe of Viacheslav Ivanov (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006)Google Scholar

Bittner, Konrad, ‘J. G. Herder und A. N. Radiscev’, Zeitschrift für Slavische Philologie, 25 (1956), 8–53Google Scholar

Bobbio, Norberto, Liberalismo e democrazia, 2nd ed. (Milano: Angeli, 1986)Google Scholar

Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Martha, ‘Filosofiia, religiia i obshchestvennost’ v Rossii v kontse 19-go i nachale 20-go vv’, in Russkaia religiozno-filosofskaia mysl’ XX veka, ed. Nikolai, P. Poltoratskii (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh, 1975), pp. 54–67Google Scholar

Bohn, Thomas M., Russische Geschichtswissenschaft von 1880 bis 1905: Pavel N. Miljukov und die Moskauer Schule (Köln et al.: Böhlau Verlag, 1998)Google Scholar

Breuillard, Sabine, ‘Russian Liberalism – Utopia or Realism? The Individual and the Citizen in the Political Thought of Milyukov’, in Perspectives in Russian History, ed. McKean, pp. 99–116Google Scholar

Bristol, Evelyn, ‘Symbolism’, in Handbook of Russian Literature, ed. Terras, Victor (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), pp. 460–64Google Scholar

Brooks, Jeffrey, ‘Vekhi and the Vekhi Dispute’, Survey, 19 (1973), 21–50Google Scholar

Bruhford, Walter Horace, The German Tradition of Self-cultivation: ‘Bildung’ from Humboldt to Thomas Mann (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975)Google Scholar

Bryce, James, The American Commonwealth, 3 vols. (London: Macmillan, 1888)Google Scholar

Budnitskii, Oleg V., ‘Maklakov i Miliukov: dva vzgliada na russkii liberalizm’, in Russkii liberalizm, ed. Shelokhaev et al., pp. 416–28Google Scholar

Bushnell, John S., Mutiny amid Repression: Russian Soldiers in the Revolution of 1905–1906 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985)Google Scholar

Byrnes, Robert F., V. O. Kliuchevskii: Historian of Russia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995)Google Scholar

[n. a.], ‘Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms’ (1982), in Electronic Frontier Canada, www.efc.ca/pages/law/charter/charter.text.html [accessed 2 January 2019]Google Scholar

Carter, Ian et al., eds., Freedom: A Philosophical Anthology (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007)Google Scholar

Caygill, Howard, A Kant Dictionary (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995)Google Scholar

Chermenskii, E. D., Burzhuaziia i tsarizm v pervoi russkoi revoliutsii, 2nd ed. (Moscow: Mysl’, 1970)Google Scholar

Chermenskii, E. D., ‘Vybory v IV Gosudarstvennuiu dumu’, Voprosy istorii, 4 (1947), 21–40Google Scholar

Chermenskii, E. D., IV Gosudarstvennaia duma i sverzhenie tsarizma v Rossii (Moscow: Mysl’, 1976)Google Scholar

Chizhevskii, Dmitrii, Hegel in Russland (doctoral thesis, Halle, 1934)Google Scholar

Cigliano, Giovanna, Liberalismo e rivoluzione in Russia. Il 1905 nell’esperienza di M. M. Kovalevskij (Naples: Liguori Editore, 2002)Google Scholar

Christman, John, ‘Liberalism and Individual Positive Freedom’, Ethics, 101 (1991), 343–59Google Scholar

Christman, John, ‘Saving Positive Freedom’, Political Theory, 33 (2005), 79–88.Google Scholar

Coates, Ruth, ‘Religious Renaissance in the Silver Age’, in A History of Russian Thought, ed. Leatherbarrow, William and Offord, Derek (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 169–93Google Scholar

Cohen, Paul Michael, Freedom’s Moment: An Essay on the French Idea of Liberty from Rousseau to Foucault (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997)Google Scholar

Cohen, Stephen F., Failed Crusade: America and the Tragedy of Post-Communist Russia, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2001)Google Scholar

Conac, Gérard et al., eds., La déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789: histoire, analyse et commentaires (Paris: Economica, 1993)Google Scholar

de Condorcet, Marquis, Tableau historique des progrès de l’esprit humain: projets, esquisse, fragments et notes (1772–1794), ed. Schandeler, Jean-Pierre et al. (Paris: Institut national d’études démographiques, 2004)Google Scholar

Constant, Benjamin, ‘De la liberté des anciens’ (1819), reprinted in De la liberté chez les modernes: écrits politiques, ed. Gauchet, Marcel (Paris: Le livre de poche, 1980), pp. 490–515Google Scholar

Constant, Benjamin, ‘Mélanges de littérature et de politique’ (1829), reprinted ibid., pp. 518–612Google Scholar

Copleston, Frederick, A History of Philosophy, 11 vols. (London: Continuum, 2003 (1956))Google Scholar

Craig, Edward et al., eds., Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 10 vols. (London: Routledge, 1998), available online as Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online (1998–2012) www.rep.routledge.comGoogle Scholar

Cucciolla, R. M., ed., Dimensions and Challenges of Russian Liberalism: Historical Drama and New Prospects (Switzerland: Springer, 2019)Google Scholar

Dahlmann, Dittmar, ‘Bildung, Wissenschaft und Revolution. Die russische Intelligencija im Deutschen Reich um die Jahrhundertwende’, in Intellektuelle im Deutschen Kaiserreich, ed. Hübinger, Gangholf and Mommsen, Wolfgang J. (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1993), pp. 141–57Google Scholar

Dahlmann, Dittmar, ‘Parteileben in Provinzstädten. Die Konstitutionell-Demokratische Partei Russlands 1906–1914’, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 48 (1) (2000), 5–16Google Scholar

Dal’, V. I., Tolkovyi slovar’ zhivogo velikorusskogo iazyka, 2nd ed., 4 vols. (St Petersburg: Vol’fa, 1880–82)Google Scholar

Danilevskii, R. Iu., Fridrikh Shiller i Rossiia: Monografiia (Moscow: Pushkinskii dom, 2013)Google Scholar

Davies, Norman, Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe (London: Allen Lane, 2011)Google Scholar

Day, J. P., Liberty and Justice (London: Croom Helm, 1987)Google Scholar

Derbyshire, J. Denis and Derbyshire, Ian, Political Systems of the World, 2nd ed. (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1996)Google Scholar

Depenchuk, Larysa, Bohdan Kistiakivs’kyi (Kyiv: Osnovy, 1995)Google Scholar

Diehl, Karl, ‘Review of Kistiakowski, Th., Gesellschaft und Einzelwesen: Eine methodologische Studie’, Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 3 (1901), 878–79Google Scholar

Dmitrieva, Nina, Russkoe neokantianstvo: “Marburg” v Rossii. Istoriko-filosofskie ocherki (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2007)Google Scholar

Draguniou, Dana, Vladimir Nabokov and the Poetics of Liberalism (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2011)Google Scholar

Dugin, Aleksandr, Vekhi: Geopoliticheskaia programma Aleksandra Dugina na telekanale “Spas”, http://vehi.tv/index.php?module=main [accessed 2 April 2012]Google Scholar

Dunn, John, Locke (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984)Google Scholar

Dworkin, Ronald, ‘Do Liberal Values Conflict?’, in Legacy of Isaiah Berlin, ed. Lilla, et al., pp. 73–90Google Scholar

Dworkin, Ronald, A Matter of Principle (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985)Google Scholar

Dzhivelegov, A. K. et al., eds., Velikaia reforma: Russkoe obshchestvo i krest’ianskii vopros v proshlom i nastoiashchem, 6 vols. (Moscow: Sytin, 1911)Google Scholar

Edmondson, Linda Harriet, Feminism in Russia: 1900–1917 (London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd, 1984)Google Scholar

Eklof, Ben and Frank, Stephen, eds., The World of the Russian Peasant: Post-emancipation Culture and Society (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990)Google Scholar

Elkin, Boris, ‘The Russian Intelligentsia on the Eve of Revolution’, in The Russian Intelligentsia, ed. Pipes, Richard (New York: Columbia University Press, 1961), pp. 32–46Google Scholar

Emmons, Terence, ‘The Beseda Circle, 1899–1905’, Slavic Review, 32 (1973), 461–90Google Scholar

Emmons, Terence, The Formation of Political Parties and the First National Elections in Russia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983)Google Scholar

Emmons, Terence, ‘Kliuchevskii’s Pupils’, California Slavic Studies, 14 (1992), 68–98.Google Scholar

Emmons, Terence, ‘The Statutes of the Union of Liberation’, Russian Review, 33 (1974), 80–85Google Scholar

Emmons, Terence and Vucinich, Wayne S., eds., The Zemstvo in Russia: An Experiment in Local Self-Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982)Google Scholar

Engelstein, Laura, ‘Combined Underdevelopment: Discipline and the Law in Imperial and Soviet Russia’, The American Historical Review, 98 (1993), 338–53, reprinted in Slavophile Empire: Imperial Russia’s Illiberal Path (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009), pp. 13–32Google Scholar

Enticott, Peter, The Russian Liberals and the Revolution of 1905 (London & New York: Routledge, 2016)Google Scholar

Evgrafov, V. E. et al., eds., Gegel’ i filosofiia v Rossii: 30-e gg. XIX v. – 20-e gg. XX v. (Moscow: Nauka, 1974)Google Scholar

Evtuhov, Catherine, The Cross and the Sickle: Sergei Bulgakov and the Fate of Russian Religious Philosophy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997)Google Scholar

Fedotov, G. P., ‘Rossiia i svoboda’, Novyi zhurnal, 10 (1945), 189–213, reprinted in Fedotov, G. P., Novyi grad: sbornik statei, ed. Iu. Ivaska, P. (New York: Izdatel’stvo imeni Chekhova, 1952), pp. 139–71Google Scholar

Field, Daniel, The End of Serfdom: Nobility and Bureaucracy in Russia, 1856–1861 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976)Google Scholar

Field, Daniel, ‘Kavelin and Russian Liberalism’, Slavic Review, 32 (1973), 59–78Google Scholar

Fischer, George, Russian Liberalism: From Gentry to Intelligentsia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1958)Google Scholar

Fisher, Herbert, The Collected Papers of Paul Vinogradoff: With a Memoir by the Right Hon. H. A. L. Fisher (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1928)Google Scholar

Flikke, Geir, Democracy or Theocracy: Frank, Struve, Berdjaev, Bulgakov, and the 1905 Russian Revolution (Oslo: Meddelelser, 1994)Google Scholar

Flikschuh, Katrin, Freedom: Contemporary Liberal Perspectives (Cambridge: Polity, 2007)Google Scholar

Florovskii, G. V., ‘Nakanune’, in Puti russkogo bogosloviia, 3rd ed. (Paris: YMCA Press, 1983 (1937)), pp. 452–99Google Scholar

Florovskii, G. V., ‘Pamiati professora P. I. Novgorodtseva’ (1929), reprinted in Iz proshlogo russkoi mysli (Moscow: Agraf, 1998), pp. 210–22Google Scholar

Foner, Eric, The Story of American Freedom (New York: Norton, 1999)Google Scholar

Foucault, Michel, ‘What Is Enlightenment?’, in The Foucault Reader, ed. Rabinow, Paul (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), pp. 32–50Google Scholar

Freeze, Gregory L., ‘A National Liberation Movement and the Shift in Russian Liberalism, 1901–1903’, Slavic Review, 28 (1969), 81–91Google Scholar

Frierson, Patrick R., Freedom and Anthropology in Kant’s Moral Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003)Google Scholar

Fuks-Shamanskaia, Liudmila, Fridrikh Shiller i russkii shillerizm. Retseptsiia tvorchestva Fridrikha Shillera v Rossii 1800–1820 godov (Moscow: Sputnik, 2009)Google Scholar

Fukuyama, Francis, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Free Press, 1992)Google Scholar

Gaidenko, P. P., Vladimir Solov’ëv i filosofiia Serebrianogo veka (Moscow: Progress-Traditsiia, 2001)Google Scholar

Galai, Shmuel, ‘The Impact of the Russo-Japanese War on the Russian Liberals, 1904–1905’, Government and Opposition, 1 (1965), 85–109Google Scholar

Galai, Shmuel, ‘Kadet Domination of the First Duma and Its Limits’, in Russian Revolution, ed. Smele and Heywood, pp. 196–217Google Scholar

Galai, Shmuel, ‘The Kadet Quest for the Masses’, in Perspectives in Russian History, ed. McKean, pp. 80–98Google Scholar

Galai, Shmuel, ‘Konstitutsionalisty-demokraty i ikh kritiki’, Voprosy istorii, 12 (1991), 3–13Google Scholar

Galai, Shmuel, The Liberation Movement in Russia, 1900–1905 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973)Google Scholar

Galai, Shmuel, ‘The Role of the Union of Unions in the Revolution of 1905’, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 24 (1976), 512–25Google Scholar

Galai, Shmuel, ‘The True Nature of Octobrism’, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 5 (2004), 137–47Google Scholar

Gallie, W. B., ‘Essentially Contested Concepts’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 56 (1956), 167–98Google Scholar

Geifman, Anna, ‘The Kadets and Terrorism, 1905–1907’, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 36 (1988), 248–67Google Scholar

Geifman, Anna, Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1884–1917 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993)Google Scholar

Gershenzon-Chegodaeva, N. M., Pervye shagi zhiznennogo puti: vospominaniia docheri Mikhaila Gershenzona (Moscow: Zakharov, 2000)Google Scholar

Gibbs, Benjamin, Freedom and Liberation (London: Chatto & Windus, 1976)Google Scholar

Glushkova, S. I., Problema pravovogo ideala v russkom liberalizme (Ekaterinburg: Izdatel’stvo Gumanitarnogo universiteta, 2002)Google Scholar

Gogolevskii, A. V., Ocherki istorii russkogo liberalizma XIX-nachala XX veka (St Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 1996)Google Scholar

Goldberg Ruthchild, Rochelle, Equality & Revolution: Women’s Rights in the Russian Empire (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010)Google Scholar

Gorbatov, Inna, Catherine the Great and the French Philosophers of the Enlightenment: Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot and Grimm (Bethesda, MD: Academica Press, 2006)Google Scholar

Graham, Gordon, ‘Liberalism and Democracy’, Journal of Applied Philosophy, 9 (1992), 149–60Google Scholar

Gray, John, ‘Introduction’, in Conceptions of Liberty, ed. Pelczynski, and Gray, , pp. 1–6Google Scholar

Gray, John, Liberalism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986)Google Scholar

Gray, John, Liberalisms: Essays in Political Philosophy (London: Routledge, 1989)Google Scholar

Gray, John, Mill on Liberty: A Defence, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1996)Google Scholar

Gray, John, ‘On Negative and Positive Liberty’, Political Studies, 28 (1980), 507–26Google Scholar

Gray, John, Two Faces of Liberalism (New York: New Press, 2000)Google Scholar

Green, T. H., ‘Lecture on Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract’ (1881), in Works of Thomas Hill Green, ed. Nettleship, R. L., 3 vols. (London: Longmans and Green, 1911), vol. 3, pp. 365–86Google Scholar

Grillaert, Nel, What the God-Seekers found in Nietzsche: The Reception of Nietzsche’s Übermensch by the Philosophers of the Russian Religious Renaissance (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2008)Google Scholar

Gurvich, G. D., ‘Prof. P. I. Novgorodtsev kak filosof prava’, Sovremennye zapiski, 20 (1924), 389–93Google Scholar

Guyer, Paul, ‘Kantian Foundations for Liberalism’, in Kant on Freedom, Law, and Happiness (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 235–61Google Scholar

Hamburg, Gary M., Boris Chicherin and Early Russian Liberalism: 1828–1866 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992)Google Scholar

Hamburg, Gary M., ‘Boris Chicherin and Human Dignity in History’, in Russian Philosophy, ed. Hamburg and Poole, pp. 111–30Google Scholar

Hamburg, Gary M., ‘Introduction: An Eccentric Vision: The Political Philosophy of B. N. Chicherin’, in Equality and the Market, ed. Hamburg, G. M., pp. 1–65Google Scholar

Hamburg, Gary M., ed. and trans., Liberty, Equality and the Market: Essays by B. N. Chicherin (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998)Google Scholar

Hamburg, Gary M., Russia’s Path Toward Enlightenment: Faith, Politics, and Reason, 1500–1801 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016)Google Scholar

Hamburg, Gary M. and Poole, Randall A., eds., A History of Russian Philosophy, 1830–1930: Faith, Reason, and the Defense of Human Dignity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010)Google Scholar

Hamburg, Gary M. and Poole, Randall A., ‘Introduction’, ibid., pp. 1–23Google Scholar

Harder, Hans-Bernd, Schiller in Russland: Materialien zu einer Wirkungsgeschichte 1789–1814 (Gehlen: Bad Homburg, 1969)Google Scholar

Hampshire, Stuart, ‘Justice Is Strife’, Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, 65 (1991), 19–27Google Scholar

Harrison, Royden, ‘E. S. Beesly and Karl Marx’, International Review of Social History, 4 (1959), 22–58Google Scholar

von Hayek, Friedrich A., The Constitution of Liberty (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1960)Google Scholar

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts, oder, Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft im Grundrisse (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2004 (1820))Google Scholar

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Weltgeschichte, ed. Heinz Ilting, Karl et al. (Hamburg: Meiner, 1996 (1822–1823))Google Scholar

Herder, Johann Gottfried, Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit, ed. Bollacher, Martin (Frankfurt am Main: Deutscher Klassiker-Verlag, 1989 (1784–91))Google Scholar

Heuman, Susan Eva, Kistiakovsky: The Struggle for National and Constitutional Rights in the Last Years of Tsarism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies, 1998)Google Scholar

Heuman, Susan Eva, ‘A Socialist Conception of Human Rights: A Model from Prerevolutionary Russia’, in Human Rights: Cultural and Ideological Perspectives, ed. Pollis, Adamantia and Schwab, Peter (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1979), pp. 44–59Google Scholar

Hill, Fiona and Gaddy, Clifford G., ‘Putin and the Uses of History’, The National Interest, 4 January 2012, http://nationalinterest.org/article/putin-the-uses-history-6276?page=show [accessed 19 April 2012]Google Scholar

Hobbes, Thomas, Leviathan, or, The Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, ed. Waller, A. R. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1904 (1651))Google Scholar

Hobhouse, L. T., The Elements of Social Justice (London: Allen & Unwin, 1922)Google Scholar

Hobhouse, L. T., The Metaphysical Theory of the State: A Criticism (London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press, 1993 (1918))Google Scholar

Höllwerth, Alexander, Das sakrale eurasische Imperium des Aleksandr Dugin: Eine Diskursanalyse zum postsowjetischen russischen Rechtsextremismus (Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2007)Google Scholar

Holmes, Stephen, Benjamin Constant and the Making of Modern Liberalism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984)Google Scholar

Holowinsky, Yurij, ‘Promoting Russian Liberalism in America’, Russian Review, 49 (1990), 167–74Google Scholar

Horowitz, Brian, ‘Unity and Disunity in Landmarks: The Rivalry between Petr Struve and Mikhail Gershenzon’, Studies in East European Thought, 51 (1999), 61–78Google Scholar

Hosking, Geoffrey, The Russian Constitutional Experiment, Government and Duma, 1907–1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973)Google Scholar

Hughes, H. S., Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social Thought, 1890–1930 (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1959)Google Scholar

Hughes, Lindsey, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998)Google Scholar

Humphrey, Caroline, ‘Alternative Freedoms’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 151 (2007), 1–10Google Scholar

Ilarionova, T. S. et al., eds., Vlast’ i pressa v Rossii: k istorii pravovogo regulirovaniia otnoshenii, 1700–1917 (Khrestomatiia) (Moscow: RAGS, 1999)Google Scholar

Il’in, I. A., ‘Pamiati P. I. Novgorodtseva’, RM, 9–12 (1923–1924), 369–74Google Scholar

Illeritskii, V. E., ‘O gosudarstvennoi shkole v russkoi istoriografii’, Voprosy istorii, 5 (1959), 141–59Google Scholar

Itenberg, B. S. and Shelokhaev, V. V., eds., Rossiiskie liberaly: Sbornik statei (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2001)Google Scholar

Jennings, Jeremy, ‘Constant’s Idea of Modern Liberty’, in The Cambridge Companion to Constant, ed. Rosenblatt, Helena (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), pp. 69–91Google Scholar

Kamenskii, Z. A. and Zhuchkov, V. A., eds., Kant i filosofiia v Rossii (Moscow: Nauka, 1994)Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, ed. and trans. Louden, Robert B. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006 (1798))Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, ed. and trans. Gregor, Mary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997 (1785))Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel, The Metaphysics of Morals, ed. and trans. Gregor, Mary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991 (1797))Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel, Über Pädagogik, ed. Rink, Friedrich Theodor (Königsberg: Nicolovius, 1803)Google Scholar

Kaplan, Vera, Historians and Historical Societies in the Public Life of Imperial Russia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2017)Google Scholar

Kapustin, B. G., Ideologiia i politika v postkommunisticheskoi Rossii (Moscow: Editorial URSS, 2000)Google Scholar

Kapustin, B. G. and Kliamkin, I. M., ‘Liberal’nye tsennosti v soznanii rossiian’, Polis, 1 (1994), 68–92; 2 (1994), 39–75Google Scholar

Kara-Murza, A. A., ed., Rossiiskii liberalizm: idei i liudi (Russian Liberalism: Ideas and People), 3rd ed., 2 vols. (Moscow: Novoe izdatel’stvo, 2018)Google Scholar

Karpovich, Michael, ‘Two Types of Russian Liberalism: Maklakov and Miliukov’, in Continuity and Change in Russian and Soviet Thought, ed. Simmons, Ernest J. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1955), pp. 129–43Google Scholar

Kassow, Samuel D., ‘Russia’s Unrealized Civil Society’, in Between Tsar and People: Educated Society and the Quest for Public Identity in Late Imperial Russia, ed. Clowes, Edith W. et al. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991), pp. 367–71Google Scholar

Kazakov, A. P., Teoriia progressa v russkoi sotsiologii kontsa XIX veka: P. L. Lavrov, N. K. Mikhailovskii, M. M. Kovalevskii (St Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta, 1969)Google Scholar

Keck, Timothy, ‘The Marburg School and Ethical Socialism’, Social Science Journal, 14 (1977), 105–19Google Scholar

Keep, John, ‘The Tyranny of Paris over Petrograd’, Soviet Studies, 20 (1968), 22–35Google Scholar

Kelly, Aileen M. (Kelli, A.), ‘Byl li Gertsen liberalom?’, trans. Silakova, S. and Kanishcheva, E., Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 58 (2002), in Gor?kii Media, https://magazines.gorky.media/nlo/2002/6/byl-li-gerczen-liberalom.html [accessed 30 October 2019]Google Scholar

Kelly, Aileen M. ‘Signposts Movement’, in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online, ed. Craig, et al., www.rep.routledge.com/article/E058 [accessed 4 May 2012]Google Scholar

Kelly, Aileen M. The Discovery of Chance: The Life and Thought of Alexander Herzen (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016)Google Scholar

Kelly, Aileen M. Toward Another Shore: Russian Thinkers b-etween Necessity and Chance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998)Google Scholar

Kelly, Aileen M. Views from the Other Shore: Essays on Herzen, Chekhov, and Bakhtin (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999)Google Scholar

Kharkhordin, Oleg, Republicanism in Russia: Community Before and After Communism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)Google Scholar

Khestanov, Ruslan, Aleksandr Gertsen: Improvizatsiia protiv doktriny (Moscow: Dom intellektual’noi knigi, 2001)Google Scholar

Khodorkovskii, M. B., ‘Krizis liberalizma v Rossii’, Vedomosti, 1092 (29 March 2004), www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/articles/2004/03/29/krizis-liberalizma-v-rossii [accessed 20 March 2017]Google Scholar

Kiianskaia, O. I., Odesskii, M. P. and Feld’man, D. M., eds., Dekabristy: aktual’nye problemy i novye podkhody (Moscow: Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi gumanitarnyi universitet, 2008)Google Scholar

Kindersley, Richard, The First Russian Revisionists: A Study of ‘Legal Marxism’ in Russia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962)Google Scholar

Kingston-Mann, Esther, In Search of the True West: Culture, Economics, and Problems of Russian Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999)Google Scholar

Kitaev, V. A., Liberal’naia mysl’ v Rossii, 1860–1880 gg. (Saratov: Izdatel’stvo Saratovskogo universiteta, 2004)Google Scholar

Kolakowski, Leszek, The Alienation of Reason: A History of Positivist Thought, trans. Guterman, Norbert (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968)Google Scholar

Kolakowski, Leszek, Main Currents of Marxism: The Founders, the Golden Age, the Breakdown, trans. Falla, P. S., 2nd ed. (London: Norton, 2005)Google Scholar

Kolerov, Modest (Kudrinskii, M. A.), ‘Arkhivnaia istoriia sbornika “Problemy idealizma” (1902)’, Voprosy filosofii, 4 (1993), 157–65Google Scholar

Kolerov, Modest ‘Arkhivnaia istoriia sbornika Vekhi’, Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, series 8: Istoriia, 4 (1991), 11–17Google Scholar

Kolerov, Modest Ne mir, no mech. Russkaia religiozno-filosofskaia pechat’ ot ‘Problemy idealizma’ do ‘Vekh’ 1902–1909 (St Petersburg: Aleteiia, 1996)Google Scholar

Kolerov, Modest Sbornik “Problemy idealizma” (1902). Istoriia i kontekst (Moscow: Tri Kvadrata, 2002)Google Scholar

Kondrat’ev, N. D., ‘Spisok trudov M. M. Kovalevskogo’, in M. M. Kovalevskii: Uchenyi, gosudarstvennyi i obshchestvennyi deiatel’ i grazhdanin, ed. Arsen’ev, K. (St Petersburg: 1917) pp. 264–74Google Scholar

Kröner, Anthony, ‘The debate between Miliukov and Maklakov on the chances for Russian liberalism’ (published doctoral thesis, University of Amsterdam, 1998)Google Scholar

Kuprits, Nikolai, Kovalevskii (Moscow: Iuridicheskaia literatura, 1978)Google Scholar

Kurzman, Charles, Democracy Denied, 1905–1915: Intellectuals and the Fate of Democracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008)Google Scholar

Lally Michelson, Patrick (Mikhel’son, P. L.), ‘Svoboda sovesti i ogranichennost’ zapadnogo predstavleniia o liberal’nosti Solov’ëva’, Solov’ëvskie issledovaniia, 41 (2014), 25–46Google Scholar

Lane, Melissa, ‘Positivism: Reactions and Developments’, in Twentieth-Century Political Thought, ed. Ball, and Bellamy, , pp. 321–42Google Scholar

Lang, David Marshall, The First Russian Radical: Alexander Radishchev, 1749–1802 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1959)Google Scholar

Laptin, Pëtr Frolovich, Obshchina v russkoi istoriografii poslednei treti XIX- nachala XX v. (Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1971)Google Scholar

Laserson, Max, The American Impact on Russia: Diplomatic and Ideological, 1784–1917, 2nd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1957)Google Scholar

Lazar, Nomi Claire, States of Emergency in Liberal Democracies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)Google Scholar

Lecky, William Edward Hartpole, Democracy and Liberty, 2 vols. (London: Longmans and Green, 1896)Google Scholar

Leonhard, Jörn, Liberalismus: Zur historischen Semantik eines europäischen Deutungsmusters (Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2001)Google Scholar

Lemke, Mikhail, Ocherki po istorii russkoi tsenzury i zhurnalistiki XIX stoletiia (St Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Trud, 1904)Google Scholar

Lemke, Mikhail, Politicheskie protsessy v Rossii 1860-kh gg. (po arkhivnym dokumentam) (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo, 1923)Google Scholar

Leontovitsch, Viktor, Geschichte des Liberalismus in Russland, 1762–1914, 2nd ed. (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1974) [republished in English as The History of Liberalism in Russia (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2012)]Google Scholar

Levin, Alfred, ‘The Russian Voter in the Elections to the Third Duma’, Slavic Review, 21 (1962), 660–77Google Scholar

Levin, Alfred, The Second Duma: A Study of the Social-Democratic Party and the Russian Constitutional Experiment (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1940)Google Scholar

Levin, Alfred, The Third Duma, Election and Profile (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1973)Google Scholar

Lilla, Mark, ‘Republicans for Revolution’, New York Review of Books, 59 (2012), 12–16Google Scholar

Lilla, Mark et al., eds., The Legacy of Isaiah Berlin (New York: New York Review of Books, 2001)Google Scholar

van der Linden, Harry, Kantian Ethics and Socialism (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1988)Google Scholar

Lindenmeyr, Adele, ‘“Primordial and Gelatinous”? Civil Society in Imperial Russia’, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 12 (2011), 705–20Google Scholar

Litvinov, A. N., ‘Molodoi Pavel Novgorodtsev: rozhdenie kontseptsii “vozrozhdennogo estestvennogo prava” v russkoi filosofii prava (o vremeni, zhizni i tvorchestve: 1866–1903 gg.)’, in Problemy filosofii prava: sbornik statei. K 140-letiiu co dnia rozhdeniia Pavla Ivanovicha Novgorodtseva, ed. Litvinov, A. N. (Lugansk: RIO LGUVD, 2006), pp. 34–71Google Scholar

Locke, John, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, ed. Fraser, Alexander Campbell, 2 vols. (New York: Dover Publications, 1959 (1690))Google Scholar

Locke, John, Two Treatises of Government, ed. Laslett, Peter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988 (1689))Google Scholar

Losev, A. F., Vladimir Solov’ëv i ego vremia, ed. Blinnikov, L. V. (Moscow: Progress, 1990)Google Scholar

Losurdo, Domenico, Controstoria del liberalismo (Rome: Laterza, 2005)Google Scholar

Lukes, Steven, ‘Epilogue: The Grand Dichotomy of the Twentieth Century’, in Twentieth-Century Political Thought, ed. Ball, and Bellamy, , pp. 602–26Google Scholar

MacCallum, Gerald C. Jr, ‘Negative and Positive Freedom’, Philosophical Review, 76 (1967), 312–34Google Scholar

McConnell, Allen, A Russian philosophe, Alexander Radishchev, 1749–1802 (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1964)Google Scholar

McConnell, Allen, ‘Rousseau and Radishchev’, Slavic and East European Journal, 3 (1964), 253–72Google Scholar

McKean, Robert B., ed., New Perspectives in Modern Russian History (Basingstoke: London, 1992)Google Scholar

Mackenzie, Kermit E., ‘Zemstvo Organization and Role within the Administrative Structure’, in Zemstvo in Russia, ed. Emmons and Vucinich, pp. 31–78.Google Scholar

Macey, David A. J., Government and Peasant in Russia, 1861–1906: The Prehistory of the Stolypin Reforms (Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1987)Google Scholar

de Madariaga, Isabel, ‘Portrait of an Eighteenth-Century Russian Statesman: Prince Dmitry Mikhaylovich Golitsyn’, Slavonic and East European Review, 62 (1984), 36–60Google Scholar

de Madariaga, Isabel, Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981)Google Scholar

Malia, Martin, Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism, 1812–1855 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961)Google Scholar

Malia, Martin, Russia under Western Eyes: From the Bronze Horseman to the Lenin Mausoleum (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999)Google Scholar

Malia, Martin, ‘What Is the intelligentsia?’, Daedalus, 89 (1960), 441–58Google Scholar

Manchester, Laurie, ‘“Contradictions at the Heart of Russian Liberalism”: Pavel Miliukov’s Views of Peter the Great and the Role of Personality in History as an Academic, a Politician, and an Émigré’, Russian History, 37 (2010), 102–32Google Scholar

Manent, Pierre, Histoire intellectuelle du libéralisme: dix leçons (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1988)Google Scholar

Manent, Pierre, An Intellectual History of Liberalism, trans. Balinski, Rebecca (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995)Google Scholar

Manning, Roberta Thompson, ‘The Zemstvo and Politics, 1864–1914’, in Zemstvo in Russia, ed. Emmons, and Vucinich, , pp. 133–75Google Scholar

Mantena, Karuna, Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010)Google Scholar

Marasinova, Elena, ‘The Liberties of the Russian Nobility: Peter III’s Manifesto and the Estates Legislation of Catherine II’ (‘Vol’nost’ rossiiskogo dvorianstva (Manifest Petra III i soslovnoe zakonodatel’stvo Ekateriny II’), Otechestvennaia istoriia, 4 (2007), 21–33Google Scholar

Medushevskii, Andrei, Demokratiia i avtoritarizm: Rossiiskii konstitutsionalizm v sravnitel’noi perspektive (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1998)Google Scholar

(Medushevsky), Russian Constitutionalism: Historical and Contemporary Development (London: Routledge, 2006)Google Scholar

Mendel, Arthur P., Dilemmas of Progress in Tsarist Russia: Legal Marxism and Legal Populism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961)Google Scholar

Merquior, José G., Liberalism Old and New (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991)Google Scholar

Mill, J. S., Autobiography of John Stuart Mill, intro. Cross, John Jacob (New York: Columbia University Press, 1924 (1873))Google Scholar

Mill, J. S., On Liberty and Other Writings, ed. Collini, Stefan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989)Google Scholar

Miller, David, ‘Constraints on Freedom’, Ethics, 94 (1983), 66–86Google Scholar

Milne, Alan J. M., Freedom and Rights (London: Allen & Unwin, 1968)Google Scholar

Mokievsky, P. K., ‘Philosophy in Russia’, Mind, 15 (1890), 155–60Google Scholar

Morson, Gary Saul, ‘Prosaic Bakhtin: Landmarks, Anti-intelligentsialism, and the Russian Counter-Tradition’, Common Knowledge, 2 (1993), 35–74Google Scholar

Mustel, Chantal, Rousseau dans le monde russe et soviétique (Montmorency: Musée Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1995)Google Scholar

Neal, Patrick and Paris, David, ‘Liberalism and the Communitarian Critique: A Guide for the Perplexed’, Canadian Journal of Political Science, 23 (1990), 419–39Google Scholar

Nechkina, M. V., Vasilii Osipovich Kliuchevskii: istoriia zhizni i tvorchestva (Moscow: Nauka, 1974)Google Scholar

Nemeth, Thomas, ‘Kant in Russia: The Initial Phase’, Studies in Soviet Thought, 36 (1988), 79–110Google Scholar

Nethercott, Frances, Russian Legal Culture Before and After Communism: Criminal Justice, Politics, and the Public Sphere (London: Routledge, 2007)Google Scholar

Nethercott, Frances, ‘Russian Liberalism and the Philosophy of Law’, in Russian Philosophy, ed. Hamburg, and Poole, , pp. 248–65Google Scholar

Novikova, L. I. and Sizemskaia, I. N., ‘Liberal Traditions in the Cultural–Historical Experience of Russia’, Russian Studies in Philosophy, 33 (1994), 6–25Google Scholar

Novikova, L. I. and Sizemskaia, I. N., Tri modeli razvitiia Rossii (Moscow: RAN Institut filosofii, 2000)Google Scholar

Nozick, Robert, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Oxford: Blackwell, 1974)Google Scholar

Nussbaum, Martha, Sex and Social Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999)Google Scholar

Oberländer, Gisela, ‘Die Vechi-Diskussion (1909–1912)’ (published PhD dissertation, University of Cologne, 1965)Google Scholar

Offord, Derek, ‘Alexander Herzen’, in Russian Philosophy, ed. Hamburg, and Poole, , pp. 52–68Google Scholar

Offord, Derek, ‘Lichnost’: Notions of Individual Identity’, in Constructing Russian Culture in the Age of Revolution, 1881–1940, ed. Kelly, Catriona and Shepherd, David (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 13–25Google Scholar

Offord, Derek, Portraits of Early Russian Liberals: A Study of the Thought of T. N. Granovsky, V. P. Botkin, P. V. Annenkov, A. V. Druzhinin and K. D. Kavelin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985)Google Scholar

Ollig, Hans-Ludwig, ‘Neo-Kantianism’, trans. Michael, Jane and Walker, Nicholas, in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Craig, et al., vol. 6, pp. 776–92Google Scholar

Okin, Susan, ‘Political Liberalism, Justice and Gender’, Ethics, 105 (1994), 23–43Google Scholar

Osipov, I. D., Filosofiia russkogo liberalizma XIX–nachalo XX v. (St Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo S.-Pëterburgskogo universiteta, 1996)Google Scholar

Ozouf, Mona, ‘Liberté’, ‘Egalité’, and ‘Fraternité’, in Dictionnaire critique de la Révolution française, ed. Furet, François and Ozouf, Mona (Paris: Flammarion, 1988), pp. 696–710, 731–41, and 763–75Google Scholar

Ozouf, Mona, ‘Liberté, égalité, fraternité’, in Les lieux de mémoire, ed. Nora, Pierre, 7 vols. (Paris: Gallimard, 1984–92), part III, vol. 3, pp. 583–629Google Scholar

Parsamov, Vadim, Dekabristy i russkoe obshchestvo, 1814–1825 gg. (Moscow: Algoritm, 2016)Google Scholar

Pasvolsky, Leo, ‘M. M. Kovalevsky’, The Russian Review, 1 (1916), 1–14Google Scholar

Patrusheva, N. G., Periodicheskaia pechat’ i tsenzura Rossiiskoi imperii v 1865–1905 gg.: Sistema administrativnykh vzyskanii (St Petersburg: Rossiiskaia natsional’naia biblioteka, 2011)Google Scholar

Pelczynski, Zbigniew and Gray, John, eds., Conceptions of Liberty in Political Philosophy (London: Athlone Press, 1984)Google Scholar

Petrovich-Belkin, Oleg, Kurylev, Konstantin, Smolik, Nadezhda and Daria Stanis, ‘Russian Liberals and the Conceptual Foundations of Russian Foreign Policy in the Early Twentieth Century’, Revolutionary Russia, 31 (1) (2018), 46–66Google Scholar

Pfaff, William, ‘How Much “Progress” Have We Made?’, New York Review of Books, 58 (2011), 69–71Google Scholar

Pinchuk, Ben-Cion, The Octobrists in the Third Duma, 1907–1912 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1974)Google Scholar

Pinker, Steven, The Better Angels of Our Nature: The Decline of Violence in History and Its Causes (London: Allen Lane, 2011)Google Scholar

Pipes, Richard, Russian Conservatism and Its Critics: A Study in Political Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005)Google Scholar

Pipes, Richard, Struve: Liberal on the Left, 1870–1905 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970)Google Scholar

Pipes, Richard, Struve: Liberal on the Right, 1905–1944 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980)Google Scholar

Pitts, Jennifer, ‘Free for All’, Times Literary Supplement, 23 September 2011, pp. 9–8Google Scholar

Pirumova, N. M., Zemskoe liberal’noe dvizhenie: sotsial’nye korni i evoliutsiia do nachala XX veka (Moscow: Nauka, 1977)Google Scholar

Planty-Bonjour, Guy, Hegel et la pensée philosophique en Russie, 1830–1917 (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1974)Google Scholar

Pogodin, Sergei, “Russkaia shkola” istorikov: N. I. Kareev, I. V. Luchitskii, M. M. Kovalevskii (St Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo SPBGTU, 1997)Google Scholar

Poltoratzky, Nikolai P., ‘The Vekhi Dispute and the Significance of Vekhi’, Canadian Slavonic Papers, 9 (1967), 86–106Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘Isaiah Berlin and Andrzej Walicki as Intellectual Historians and Liberal Philosophers: A Comment on G. M. Hamburg’s “Closed Societies, Open Minds”’, Dialogue and Universalism, 16 (2006), 73–79Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘Kantian Foundations of Russian Liberal Theory: Human Dignity, Justice, and the Rule of Law’, presentation at conference ‘The Weimar Moment: Liberalism, Political Theology and Law’, University of Wisconsin, 25 October 2008, http://law.wisc.edu/ils/weimarprogram.html [accessed 28 June 2011]Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘The Neo-Idealist Reception of Kant in the Moscow Psychological Society’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 60 (1999), 319–43Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘Nineteenth-Century Russian Liberalism: Ideals and Realities’, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 16 (2015), 157–81Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ed., trans., and intro., Problems of Idealism. Essays in Russian Social Philosophy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003)Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘Religious Toleration, Freedom of Conscience, and Russian Liberalism’, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 13, 3 (2012), 611–34Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘Review: Kant i filosofiia v Rossii’, Slavic Review, 55 (1996), 161–5Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘Sergei Kotliarevskii and the Rule of Law in Russian Liberal Theory’, Dialogue and Universalism, 16 (2006), 81–104Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘Utopianism, Idealism, Liberalism: Russian Confrontations with Vladimir Solov’ëv’, Modern Greek Studies Yearbook, 16–17 (2000–01), 43–87Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A., ‘Vladimir Solov’ëv’s Philosophical Anthropology: Autonomy, Dignity, Perfectibility’, in Russian Philosophy, ed. Hamburg and Poole, pp. 131–49.Google Scholar

Poole, Randall A. and Werth, Paul W., Religious Freedom in Russia, eds. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018)Google Scholar

Prilenskii, V. I., Opyt issledovaniia mirovozzreniia rannikh russkikh liberalov (Essay on the Worldview of Early Russian Liberals) (Moscow: Rossiskaia akademiia nauk, 1995)Google Scholar

Proskurina, Vera and Alloi, V., ‘K istorii sozdaniia “Vekh”’, in Minuvshee: istoricheskii al’manakh, ed. Alloi, V. (Moscow: Atheneum, 1991), pp. 249–91Google Scholar

Proskurina, Vera, Techenie gol’fstrema: Mikhail Gershenzon, ego zhizn’ i mif (St Petersburg: Aleteiia, 1998)Google Scholar

Pustarnakov, V. F., ‘Byla li u russkogo liberalizma svoia filosofiia?’, in Russkii liberalizm, ed. Shelokhaev, et al., pp. 57–73Google Scholar

Pustarnakov, V. F., Universitetskaia filosofiia v Rossii: idei, personalii, osnovnye tsentry (St Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Russkogo Khristianskogo gumanitarnogo instituta, 2003)Google Scholar

Putnam, George, ‘P. B. Struve’s View of the Russian Revolution of 1905’, Slavonic and East European Review, 45 (1967), 457–73Google Scholar

Putnam, George, Russian Alternatives to Marxism: Christian Socialism and Idealistic Liberalism in Twentieth-Century Russia (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1977)Google Scholar

Putnam, George, ‘Russian Liberalism Challenged from Within: Bulgakov and Berdyayev in 1904–5’, Slavonic and East European Review, 43 (1965), 335–53Google Scholar

Quagliariello, Gaetano, ‘Contributo alla biografia di Ostrogorski’, Ricerche di storia politica, 10 (1995), 7–30Google Scholar

Radvanyi, Jean, ‘Continuité de façade en Russie’, Le Monde diplomatique, 697 (2012), pp. 1, 17Google Scholar

Rabow-Edling, Susanna, Liberalism in Pre-revolutionary Russia: State, Nation, Empire (New York: Routledge, 2019)Google Scholar

Raeff, Marc, ed., The Decembrist Movement (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966)Google Scholar

Raeff, Marc, ‘Enticements and Rifts: Georges Florovsky as Historian of the Life of the Mind and the Life of the Church in Russia’, Modern Greek Studies Yearbook, 6 (1990), 187–244Google Scholar

Raeff, Marc, Michael Speransky, Statesman of Imperial Russia, 1772–1839 (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1957)Google Scholar

Raeff, Marc, ‘Review: Geschichte des Liberalismus in Russland by Victor Leontovitsch and Russian Liberalism by George Fischer’, Russian Review, 17 (1958), 307–10Google Scholar

Raeff, Marc, ‘Some Reflections on Russian Liberalism’, Russian Review, 18 (1959), 225–26Google Scholar

Raeff, Marc, The Well-Ordered Police State: Social and Institutional Change Through Law in the Germanies and Russia, 1600–1800 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983)Google Scholar

Ramer, Samuel, ‘Vasilii Popugaev, the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and the Arts, and the Enlightenment Tradition in Russia’, Canadian–American Slavic Studies, 16 (1982), 491–512Google Scholar

Rampton, Vanessa, ‘The Impossibility of Conservatism? Insights from Russian History’, The Monist, 99 (2016), 372–86Google Scholar

Rampton, Vanessa, ‘Individual Freedom and Social Justice: Bogdan Kistiakovskii’s Defense of the Law’, in Landmarks Revisited: The Vekhi Symposium One Hundred Years On, ed. Coates, Ruth and Aizlewood, Robin (Brighton, MA: Academic Studies Press, 2013), pp. 128–45Google Scholar

Rampton, Vanessa, ‘Religious Thought and Russian Liberal Institutions: The Case of Pavel Ivanovich Novgorodtsev’, in Thinking Orthodox in Modern Russia: Culture, History, Context, ed. Michelson, Patrick Lally and Kornblatt, Judith Deutsch (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014), pp. 235–52Google Scholar

Rawls, John, ‘Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 14 (1985), 223–51Google Scholar

Raz, Joseph, The Morality of Freedom (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986)Google Scholar

Read, Christopher, Religion, Revolution and the Russian Intelligentsia: The Vekhi Debate and Its Intellectual Background (London: Macmillan, 1979)Google Scholar

Rees, John, ‘The Thesis of the Two Mills’, Political Studies, 25 (1977), 369–82Google Scholar

[n. a.], ‘Review of Kistiakowski, Th., Gesellschaft und Einzelwesen: Eine methodologische Studie’, Archiv für öffentliches Recht, 16 (1901), 144–6Google Scholar

[n. a.], ‘Review of Kistiakowski, Th., Gesellschaft und Einzelwesen: Eine methodologische Studie’, Kantstudien, 5 (1900), 252–55Google Scholar

Riasanovsky, Nicholas V., A History of Russia, 4th ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984)Google Scholar

Riha, Thomas, A Russian European: Paul Miliukov in Russian Politics (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1969)Google Scholar