As for any other environmental impact on oceans, the impacts of climate change on the marine environment (described in Chapter 2) occur across jurisdictional boundaries. While anthropocentric harm to the marine environment often occurs close to the coast, this is not the case for climate change related impacts often occurring from the atmosphere. High Seas make up 40 per cent of the surface of the planet, comprise 64 per cent of the surface of the oceans and nearly 95 per cent of its volume. Recent research has shown that the remote deep and open oceans host a major part of the world’s biodiversity.