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18 - Neuroimaging Evidence in US Courts

from IV - Evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2021

By
Jane Campbell Moriarty
Edited by
Bartosz Brożek ,
Jaap Hage  and
Nicole Vincent
Bartosz Brożek
Affiliation:
Jagiellonian University, Krakow
Jaap Hage
Affiliation:
Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands
Nicole Vincent
Affiliation:
Macquarie University, Sydney
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Summary

This chapter provides a detailed consideration of neuroscience and neuroimaging evidence (collectively termed “neuroimaging evidence”) in US federal and state courts. While essentially an explanation of the law and science, the chapter also details ongoing concerns about neuroimaging evidence: issues related to the quality of the underlying science; the potential for an inferential leap from data to courtroom evidence; the lack of recognized clinical use of some neuroimaging technologies; and the problems of appropriate expertise.

The chapter includes several sections. First, it explains the types of neuroimaging that have been used (or excluded) in court, highlighting the foundational concerns about the studies in general and as applied. Second, it addresses the relevant rules of evidence and critical cases that shape courts’ approach to neuroscience evidence. Substantively, the chapter reviews a variety of criminal and, to a lesser extent, civil matters related to neuroimaging evidence. With respect to criminal law, the chapter explores questions of legal competency, insanity and legal responsibility, sentencing, psychopathy, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, and neuroscience lie detection. In addition, the chapter examines the special role that neuroscience has played in the development of juvenile sentencing law. The civil section addresses neuroimaging in relationship to traumatic brain injury. Finally, the chapter considers some of the overarching concerns and potential promises about neuroimaging evidence, urging that more co-creation of standards between scientists and the legal profession take place in order to improve the quality of the neuroimaging evidence in court.

Type
Chapter
Information
Law and Mind
A Survey of Law and the Cognitive Sciences
 , pp. 370 - 411
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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