Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 February 2024
Abstract: While they emphasize the large circulation and the cultural domination of the Italian language, Italian grammar books published in Europe from the second half of the sixteenth century onward reveal the hybrid characteristic of a language that was perceived both as a dead and a living language. Applied to Italian, the concept of a dead language was based on an archaic and fundamentally written and literary model, that of the great fourteenth-century Tuscan authors. Compared to the codification of the written language, the oral dimension was far from being stable throughout Italy before the 1861 political unification. Here I present a few of the leading Italian grammar books published in France and in England beginning in the second half of the eighteenth century. This chapter shows how the spoken language was described in its use and, more generally, the model of Italian presented to the readers.
Résumé : Tout en attestant de la grande diffusion et de la domination culturelle de la langue italienne, les grammaires italiennes publiées en Europe à partir de la seconde moitié du seizième siècle révèlent aussi la caractéristique hybride d’une langue qui était perçue à la fois comme une langue morte et comme une langue vivante. Appliqué à l’italien, le concept de “langue morte” se fondait sur un modèle archaïque et fondamentalement écrit et littéraire, celui des grands auteurs toscans du quatorzième siècle. Comparée à la codification de la langue écrite, qui a été profondément influencée par cette position théorique, la dimension orale était loin d’être stable en Italie avant l’unification politique de 1861. Nous analysons ici quelques-unes des principales grammaires italiennes qui ont été publiées en France et en Angleterre à partir de la seconde moitié du dix-huitième siècle. Nous cherchons à montrer comment la langue parlée était décrite dans son usage et, plus généralement, quel modèle d’italien était présenté aux lecteurs.
Keywords: History of Italian grammar. Italian grammar books for foreigners. Spoken language in grammar books (18th century). Diffusion of Italian language in Europe.
Mots-clés: Histoire de la grammaire italienne. Méthodes de grammaire italienne pour étrangers. Langue orale dans les méthodes de grammaire (dix-huitième siècle). Diffusion de l’italien en Europe.
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