Abbott, Edith (1931) Report on Crime and the Foreign Born. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office.

Abdelall, Brenda Fathy (2005) “Not Enough of a Minority? Arab Americans and the Language Assistance Provisions (Section 203) of the Voting Rights Act.” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 38, 911–939.Google Scholar

Abellera Cruz, Eugenio (1998) “Unprotected Identities: Recognizing Cultural Ethnic Divergence in Interpreting Title VII's ‘National Origin’ Discrimination.” Hastings Women's Law Journal 9, 161–187.Google Scholar

Ahmad, Muneer I. (2007) “Interpreting Communities: Lawyering Across Language Difference.” UCLA Law Review 54, 999–1086.Google Scholar

Ainsworth, Janet E. (1993) “In a Different Register: Powerlessness in Police Interrogation.” Yale Law Journal 103, 259–322.Google Scholar

Ainsworth, Janet E. (2010) “Language, Power and Identity in the Workplace: Enforcement of ‘English-Only’ Rules by Employers.” Seattle Journal for Social Justice 9, 233–257.Google Scholar

Aka, Philip C. & Deason, Lucinda M. (2009) “Culturally Competent Public Services and English-Only Laws.” Howard Law Journal 53, 53–131.Google Scholar

Alduy, Cécile & Wahnich, Stéphane (2015) Décryptage du nouveau discours frontiste. Paris, Seuil.

Alfredsson, Gudmundur & Ferrer, Erika (1998) Minority Rights: A Guide to United Nations Procedures and Institutions. London, Minority Rights Group International.

Ali, Farida (2013) “Multilingual Prospective Jurors Assessing California Standards Twenty Years after Hernandez v. New York .” Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy 8, 236–273.Google Scholar

Allingham, Michael (2014) Distributive Justice. London/New York, Routledge.

Ancheta, Angelo (2010) “Language Assistance and Local Voting Rights Law.” Indiana Law Review 44, 161–199.Google Scholar

Arriola, Christopher (1995) “Knocking on the Schoolhouse Door: Mendez v. Westminster. Equal Protection, Public Education and Mexican Americans in the 1940s.” La Raza Law Journal 8, 166–207.Google Scholar

Arrow, Kenneth (1951) Social Choice and Individual Values. New York, Wiley.

Asato, Noriko (2003) “Mandating Americanization: Japanese Language Schools and the Federal Survey of Education in Hawai'i, 1916–1920.” History of Education Quarterly 43 (1), 10–38.Google Scholar

Asturias, María-Daniel (2012) “Burden Shifting and Faulty Assumptions: The Impact of Horne v. Flores on State Obligations to Adolescent ELLs after the EEOA.” Howard Law Journal 55, 607–642.Google Scholar

Atkinson, Carroll (1947) “The Foreign-Language School Controversy in Hawaii.” The Modern Language Journal 31 (3), 153–156.Google Scholar

August, Diane, Goldenberg, Claude, & Rueda, Robert (2010) “Restrictive State Language Policies: Are They Scientifically Based?” In Forbidden Language: English Learners and Restrictive Language Policies, Gándara, Patricia & Hopkins, Megan (eds.), 139–158. New York/London, Teachers College Press.

Badillo, David A. (2011) “Litigating Bilingual Education: A History of the Gomez Decision in Illinois.” In Latinos in the Midwest, Martinez, Rubén O. (ed.), 207–226. East Lansing, MI, Michigan State University Press.

Bagnato, Christopher F. (2010) “Change Is Needed: How Latinos Are Affected by the Process of Jury Selection.” Chicana/o-Latina/o Law Review 29, 59–67.Google Scholar

Bailey, Stacy C., Pandit, Anjali U., Curtis, Laura, & Wolf, Michael S. (2009) “Availability of Spanish Prescription Labels: A Multi-State Survey.” Medical Care 47 (6), 707–710.Google Scholar

Baker, Keith & de Kanter, Adriana (1981) Effectiveness of Bilingual Education: A Review of the Literature. Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Education.

Baldwin, Linda M. (1995) “ Ramirez v. Plough, Inc.: Should Manufacturers of Nonprescription Drugs Have a Duty to Warn in Spanish?” University of San Francisco Law Review 29, 837–874.Google Scholar

Barbas, Terin M. (2009) “We Count Too! Ending the Disenfranchisement of Limited English Proficient Voters.” Florida State University Law Review 37, 189–214.Google Scholar

Baron, Dennis E. (1990) The English-Only Question: An Official Language for Americans? New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.

Barrett, James R. (2012) The Irish Way: Becoming American in the Multiethnic City. New York, Penguin.

Barry, Brian (2001) Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.

Baugh, John (2000) Beyond Ebonics: Linguistic Pride and Racial Prejudice. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Beaver, R. Pierce (1962a) “Church, State, and the Indians: Indian Missions in the New Nation.” Journal of Church and State 4, 11–30.Google Scholar

Beaver, R. Pierce (1962b) “The Churches and President Grant's Peace Policy.” Journal of Church and State 4, 174–190.Google Scholar

Benson, Jocelyn F. (2007) “!Su voto es su voz! Incorporating Voters of Limited English Proficiency into American Democracy.” Boston College Law Review 48, 251–329.Google Scholar

Bent, Scott J. (2012) “ ‘If You Want to Speak Spanish, Go Back to Mexico’?: A First-Amendment Analysis of English-Only Rules in Public Schools.” Ohio State Law Journal 73, 343–394.Google Scholar

Berk-Seligson, Susan (1990) The Bilingual Courtroom. Court Interpreters in the Judicial Process. Chicago/London, University of Chicago Press.

Berk-Seligson, Susan (2002) “The Miranda Warnings and Linguistic Coercion: The Role of Footing in the Interrogation of a Limited-English-Speaking Murder Suspect.” In Language in the Legal Process, Cotterill, Janice (ed.), 127–143. Basingstoke, Palgrave-Macmillan.

Berk-Seligson, Susan (2009) Coerced Confessions: The Discourse of Bilingual Police Interrogations. Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter.

Berman, Mitchell (2009) “Originalism Is Bunk.” New York University Law Review 84, 1–96.Google Scholar

Birdsong, David (ed.) (1999) Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Birman, Beatrice F. & Ginsburg, Alan L. (1983) “Introduction: Addressing the Needs of Language Minority Children.” In Bilingual Education: A Reappraisal of Federal Policy, Baker, Keith A. & de Kanter, Adriana A. (eds.), ix–xxi. Lexington, MA, D. C. Heath & Co.

Blanton, Carlos K. (2004) The Strange Career of Bilingual Education in Texas, 1836–1981. College Station, TX, Texas A & M University Press.

Breen, Timothy H. (2001) The Lockean Moment: The Language of Rights on the Eve of the American Revolution: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered Before the University of Oxford on May 15, 2001. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Bridges, Khiara M. (2013) “The Dangerous Law of Biological Race.” Fordham Law Review 82, 21–80.Google Scholar

Brière, Eugene (1978) “Limited English Speakers and the Miranda Rights.” TESOL Quarterly 12, 235–245.Google Scholar

Brigham, Carl C. (1923) A Study of American Intelligence. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.

Browne, Kingsley (2001) “Zero Tolerance for the First Amendment.” Ohio Northern University Law Review 27, 563–605.Google Scholar

Brudney, James J. & Baum, Lawrence (2013) “Oasis or Mirage: The Supreme Court's Thirst for Dictionaries in the Rehnquist and Roberts Eras.” William and Mary Law Review 55, 483–580.Google Scholar

Buntin, Jennifer T. (2011) “Reaching across Borders: The Transnationalizing Effect of Mexican Migration on Public Schools on the Outskirts of Chicago.” In Latinos in the Midwest, Martinez, Rubén O. (ed.), 227–255. East Lansing, MI, Michigan State University Press.

Bureau of Education (1902) Report of the Commissioner of Education, Volume 1. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office.

Bureau of Education (1920) A Survey of Education in Hawaii. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office.

Calderón, Carlos (1950) “The Education of Spanish-speaking Children in Edcouch-Elsa Texas.” Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Texas-Austin.

Calhoun, John (2014) “Measuring the Fortress: Explaining Trends in Supreme Court and Circuit Court Dictionary Use.” Yale Law Journal 124, 484–526.Google Scholar

California Judicial Branch (2014) “Strategic Plan for Language Access in the California Courts” (Draft, July 29, 2014) Proposal SP14-05.

Callagy, Maeve (2013) “‘My English is Good Enough’ for San Luis: Adopting a Two-Pronged Approach for Arizona's English Fluency Requirements for Candidates for Public Office.” Journal of Law and Policy 22, 305–339.Google Scholar

Cartagena, Juan (2004) “Latinos and Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act: Beyond Black and White.” Columbia University National Black Law Journal 18, 201–223.Google Scholar

Cassin, Barbara (ed.) (2014) Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon, translated by Apter, Emily, Lezra, Jacques, & Wood, Michael. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.

Castle, Ryan (2013) “The Gay Accent, Gender, and Title VII Employment Discrimination.” Seattle University Law Review 36, 1943–1965.Google Scholar

Chang, Cyndie M. & Killion, Paul J. (2015) “Sign Languages: The Regulatory Authority of Municipalities Over Commercial Signage Does Not Trump the First Amendment.” Los Angeles Lawyer 37, 28–33.Google Scholar

Chansou, Michel (2003) L'aménagement lexical en France pendant la période contemporaine (1950–1994). Étude de sociolexicologie. Paris, H. Champion.

Charles, Patrick J. (2011) “Restoring ‘Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness’ in Our Constitutional Jurisprudence: An Exercise in Legal History.” William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal 20, 457–532.Google Scholar

Chávez, Edward L. (2008) “New Mexico's Success with Non-English Speaking Jurors.” Journal of Court Innovation 1, 303–327.Google Scholar

Chavez, Hilda Lyssette (2012) “Examining the Effects of the Inclusion of Non-English Speaking Jurors on Jury Verdicts and Juror Experiences.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno.

Chemerinsky, Erwin (1992) “The Supreme Court and the Fourteenth Amendment: The Unfulfilled Promise.” Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 25, 1147–1157.Google Scholar

Chen, Ming Hsu (2014) “Governing by Guidance: Civil Rights Agencies and the Emergence of Language Rights.” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 49, 291–342.Google Scholar

Clinton, DeWitt (1815) An Introductory Discourse, Delivered Before the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York, On the Fourth of May, 1814. New York, Longworth.

Cochrane, Diana K. (2009) “‘¿Como se dice?, ¿Necessito a un interprete?’ The Civil Litigant's Right to a Court-Appointed Interpreter in Texas.” The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Minority Issues 12, 47–94.Google Scholar

Cogley, Richard W. (1999) John Eliot's Mission to the Indians before King Philip's War. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.

Collins, James (1999) “The Ebonics Controversy in Context: Literacies, Subjectivities, and Language Ideologies in the United States.” In Language Ideological Debates, Blommaert, Jan (ed.), 201–234. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter.

Commission on Naturalization (1905) Report to the President of the Commission on Naturalization. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office.

Commons, John R. (1907) Race and Immigrants in America. New York, The Macmillan Company.

Cox, Kelly (1993) “The Duty to Warn: Should California Extend the Duty to Include Foreign Language Warnings?” San Diego Justice Journal 1, 517–540.Google Scholar

Crawley, Cheryl & Schultze, Kay (2008) “Cultures Out of Sync: Bilingual Education on the Crow Indian Reservation.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

Cullinane, Michael P. (2014) “The ‘Gentlemen's Agreement’ – Exclusion by Class.” Immigrants and Minorities 32 (2), 139–161.Google Scholar

Curtis, Michael Kent (2000) “Historical Linguistics, Inkblots, and Life After Death: The Privileges and Immunities of Citizens of the United States.” North Carolina Law Review 78, 1071–1150.Google Scholar

Davidson, Chandler, Dunlap, Tanya, Kenny, Gale, & Wise, Benjamin (2008) “Election Law: Vote Caging as a Republican Ballot Security Technique.” William Mitchell Law Review 34, 533–562.Google Scholar

Deák, Julia (2007) “African-American Language and American Linguistic Cultures: An Analysis of Language Policies in Education.” Working Papers in Education Linguistics 22 (1), 105–134.Google Scholar

de Jongh, Elena M. (2008) “Court Interpreting: Linguistic Presence v. Linguistic Absence.” The Florida Bar Journal 82 (7), 21–32.Google Scholar

De la Trinidad, Maritza (2008) “Collective Outrage: Mexican-American Activism and the Quest for Educational Equality and Reform, 1950–1990.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Arizona.

Del Valle, Sandra (2003) Language Rights and the Law: Finding Our Voices. Basingstoke, Multilingual Matters.

Denton, Douglas (2007) “Procedural Fairness in the California Courts.” Court Review 44, 44–54.Google Scholar

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education (1919) The Rural School in Nebraska. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office.

Depecker, Loïc (ed.) (1997) La mesure des mots. Cinq études d'implantation terminologique. Rouen, Publications de l'Université de Rouen.

Diamond, Stanley (1990) “English – the Official Language of California – 1983–1988.” In Perspectives on Official English: The Campaign for English as the Official Language the USA, Adams, Karen L. & Brink, Daniel T. (eds.), 111–119. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter.

Diaz, Jacqueline Grace (2014) “The Divided States of America: Reinterpreting Title VII's National Origin Provision to Account for Subnational Discrimination within the United States.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 162, 649–681.Google Scholar

Dillard, R. Geoffrey (1994) “Multilingual Warning Labels: Product Liability, ‘Official English’, and Consumer Safety.” Georgia Law Review 29, 197–244.Google Scholar

Dolson, David P. & Mayer, Jan (1992) “Longitudinal Study of Three Program Models for Language-Minority Students: A Critical Examination of Reported Findings.” At www.ncela.us/files/rcd/BE018850/Longitudinal_Study_of_Three_Program_Models.pdf.

Dolson, Lee S. (1964) “The Administration of the San Francisco Public Schools, 1847–1947.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

Dorsey, Dana (2013) “Segregation 2.0: The New Generation of School Segregation in the 21st Century.” Education and Urban Society 45 (5), 533–547.Google Scholar

Downes, Randolph C. (1945) “A Crusade for Indian Reform, 1922–1934.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 32 (3), 331–354.Google Scholar

Dunnigan, Timothy & Downing, Bruce T. (1995) “Legal Interpreting on Trial: A Case Study.” In Translation and the Law, Morris, M. (ed.), 93–113. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins.

Dupleix, Scipion (forthcoming (1651)) La liberté de la langue françoise dans sa pureté. Kibbee, Douglas & Keller, Marcus (eds.), Paris, Garnier.

Dussias, Allison M. (1999) “Waging War with Words: Native Americans’ Continuing Struggle against the Suppression of their Languages.” Ohio State Law Journal 60 (3), 901–994.Google Scholar

Dussias, Allison M. (2001) “Let No Native Child Be Left Behind: Re-Envisioning Native America Education for the Twenty-First Century.” Arizona Law Review 43, 819–903.Google Scholar

Dussias, Allison M. (2008) “Indigenous Languages under Siege: The Native American Experience.” Intercultural Human Rights Law Review 3, 5–78.Google Scholar

Dworkin, Ronald (1981a) “What Is Equality? Part 1: Equality of Welfare.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 10, 185–246.Google Scholar

Dworkin, Ronald (1981b) “What Is Equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 10, 283–345.Google Scholar

Dworkin, Ronald (1987) “What Is Equality? Part 3: The Place of Liberty.” Iowa Law Review 73, 1–54.Google Scholar

Dworkin, Ronald (2011) Justice for Hedgehogs. Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Edwards, I. N. (1923) “The Legal Status of Foreign Languages in the Schools.” The Elementary School Journal 24 (4), 270–278.Google Scholar

Eggington, William G. & Cox, Tony (2013) “Using Elicited Oral Response Testing to Determine the Need for an Interpreter.” Harvard Latino Law Review 16, 127–146.Google Scholar

Einesman, Floralynn (1999) “Confessions and Culture: The Interaction of ‘Miranda’ and Diversity.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 90, 1–48.Google Scholar

Ellis, Frances H. (1954a) “Historical Account of German Instruction in the Public Schools of Indianapolis, 1869–1919.” Indiana Magazine of History 50, 119–138.Google Scholar

Ellis, Frances H. (1954b) “German Instruction in the Public Schools of Indianapolis, 1869–1919 II.” Indiana Magazine of History 50, 251–276.Google Scholar

Ellis, Frances H. (1954c) “German Instruction in the Public Schools of Indianapolis, 1869–1919 III.” Indiana Magazine of History 50, 357–380.Google Scholar

Epstein, Noel (1977) Language, Ethnicity and the Schools: Policy Alternatives for Bilingual-Bicultural Education. Washington, DC, Institute for Educational Leadership, George Washington University.

Eskridge, William N. Jr. (2001) “Social Movements and Law Reform: Channeling: Identity-Based Social Movements and Public Law.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 150, 419–525.Google Scholar

Eskridge, William N. Jr. (2002) “Some Effects of Identity-Based Social Movements in the Twentieth Century.” Michigan Law Review 100, 2062–2407.Google Scholar

Evren, Lisa T. (1986) “When Is a Race not a Race?: Contemporary Issues under the Civil Rights Act of 1866.” New York University Law Review 61, 976–1002.Google Scholar

Fass, Paula (1989) Outside In: Minorities and the Transformation of American Education. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Fedynskyj, Jurij (1971) “State Session Laws in Non-English Languages: A Chapter of American Legal History.” Indiana Law Journal 46, 463–478.Google Scholar

Ferguson, George O. (1916) “Psychology of the Negro, an Experimental Study.” PhD Dissertation, Columbia University. Printed in Archives of Psychology 36.

Fishman, Joshua (1978) “A Gathering of Vultures: The ‘Legion of Decency’ and Bilingual Education in the USA.” NABE Journal 2, 13–16.Google Scholar

Fiss, Owen (1976) “Groups and the Equal Protection Clause.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 5, 107–177.Google Scholar

Flores, Glenn, M., Laws, Barton, Mayo, Sandra J., Zuckerman, Barry, Abreu, Milagros, Medina, Leonardo, & Hardt, Eric J. (2003) “Errors in Medical Interpretation and Their Potential Clinical Consequences in Pediatric Encounters.” Pediatrics 111, 6–14.Google Scholar

Flores, Glenn, Abreu, Milagros, Barone, Cara Pizzon, Bachur, Richard, & Lin, Hua (2012) “Errors of Medical Interpretation and Their Potential Clinical Consequences: A Comparison of Professional Versus Ad Hoc Versus No Interpreters.” Annals of Emergency Medicine 60 (5), 545–553.Google Scholar

Flores, Nelson & Rosa, Jonathan (2015) “Undoing Appropriateness: Raciolinguistic Ideologies and Language Diversity in Education.” Harvard Educational Review 85 (2), 149–171.Google Scholar

Fong, Timothy (1994) The First Suburban Chinatown: The Remaking of Monterey Park, California. Philadelphia, PA, Temple University Press.

Fraga, Luis R. & Ocampo, Maria L. (2007) “More Information Requests and the Deterrent Effect of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act.” In Voting Rights Act Reauthorization of 2006: Perspectives on Democracy, Participation, and Power, Henderson, Ana (ed.), 47–82. Berkeley, CA, Berkeley Public Policy Press.

Fraser, Nancy (1990) “Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy.” Social Text 25, 56–80.Google Scholar

Fraser, Nancy (2009) Scales of Justice. Reimagining Political Space in a Globalizing World. New York, Columbia University Press.

Friedman, Lawrence (2011) The Human Rights Culture. A Study in History and Context. New Orleans, LA, Quid Pro Books.

Friendly, Henry J. (1975) “Some Kind of Hearing.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 123, 1267–1317.Google Scholar

Fukuda, Tonan (1923) “Some Data on the Intelligence of Japanese Children.” American Journal of Psychology 34 (4), 599–602.Google Scholar

Fukurai, Hiroshi (1999) “A Collaborative Work with La Raza Law Journal: Social De-construction of Race and Affirmative Action in Jury Selection.” African-American Law & Policy Report 4, 17–72.Google Scholar

Gándara, Patricia & Hopkins, Megan (eds.) (2010) Forbidden Language. English Learners and Restrictive Language Policies. New York/London, Teachers College Press.

Garcia, Mario T. (1991) Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology and Identity, 1930–1960. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.

Garth, Thomas R. (1923) “A Comparison of the Intelligence of Mexican and Mixed and Full Blood Indian Children.” Psychological Review 30 (5), 388–401.Google Scholar

Gaulding, Jill (1998) “Against Common Sense: Why Title VII Should Protect Speakers of Black English.” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 31, 637–706.Google Scholar

Gehrke, William H. (1935) “The Transition from the German to the English Language in North Carolina.” North Carolina Historical Review 12 (1), 1–19.Google Scholar

Geiger, H. Jack (2003) “Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review of the Evidence and Consideration of Causes.” In Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Smedley, Brian D., Stith, Adrienne Y., & Nelson, Alan R. (eds.), 417–454. Washington, DC, The National Academies Press.

Gellman, David N. & Quigley, David (eds.) (2003) Jim Crow New York. A Documentary History of Race and Citizenship, 1777–1877. New York, New York University Press.

Gerber, David A. (1984) “Language Maintenance, Ethnic Group Formation, and Public Schools: Changing Patterns of German Concern, Buffalo, 1837–1874.” Journal of American Ethnic History 4 (1), 31–61.Google Scholar

Gerhardt, Michael J. (1990) “The Ripple Effects of Slaughter-House: A Critique of a Negative Rights View of the Constitution.” Vanderbilt Law Review 43, 409–450.Google Scholar

Gonzales Rose, Jasmine (2014) “Language Disenfranchisement in Juries: A Call for Constitutional Remediation.” Hastings Law Journal 65, 811–864.Google Scholar

Gould, Stephen J. (1996) The Mismeasure of Man. Revised and Expanded Edition. New York, W. W. Norton.

Graham, Virginia T. (1925) “The Intelligence of Italian and Jewish Children in the Habit of Clinics of the Massachusetts Division of Mental Hygiene.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 20 (4), 371–376.Google Scholar

Green, Christopher R. (2008) “The Original Sense of the (Equal) Protection Clause: Pre-Enactment History.” George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 19, 1–76.Google Scholar

Green, Gordon C. (1963) “Negro Dialect, the Last Barrier to Integration.” Journal of Negro Education 32 (1), 81–83.Google Scholar

Griffith, Elmer C. (1907) The Rise and Development of the Gerrymander. Chicago, Scott, Foresman and Company.

Grofman, Bernard & King, Gary (2006) “The Future of Partisan Symmetry as a Judicial Test for Partisan Gerrymandering after LULAC v. Perry .” Election Law Journal 6, 2–35.Google Scholar

Gross, Ariela J. (2007) “The ‘Caucasian Clock’: Mexican Americans and the Politics of Whiteness in the Twentieth-Century Southwest.” Georgetown Law Journal 95, 337–392.Google Scholar

Guo, Qian & Koretz, Daniel (2013) “Estimating the Impact of the Massachusetts English Immersion Law on Limited English Proficient Students’ Reading Achievement.” Educational Policy 27 (1), 121–149.Google Scholar

Haakonssen, Knud (1991) “From Natural Law to the Rights of Man.” In A Culture of Rights. The Bill of Rights in Philosophy, Politics and Law – 1791–1991, Lacey, Michael J. & Haakonssen, Knud (eds.), 19–61. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Habermas, Jürgen (1989[1962]) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Translated by Burger, Thomas & Lawrence, Frederick. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.

Habermas, Jürgen (1996) Between Facts and Norms. Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Diplomacy. Translated by Rehg, William. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.

Hakuta, Kenji, Bialystok, Ellen, & Wiley, Edward W. (2003) “Critical Evidence: A Test of the Critical-Period Hypothesis for Second-Language Acquisition.” Psychological Science 14, 31–38.Google Scholar

Hamburger, Phillip (2011) “Privileges or Immunities.” Northwestern University Law Review 105, 61–147.Google Scholar

Handschin, Charles H. (1913) The Teaching of Modern Languages in the United States. Bulletin of the Bureau of Education 3. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office.

Harrison, Gordon S. (2007) “Alaska's Constitutional ‘Literacy Test’ and the Question of Voting Discrimination.” Alaska History 22 (1/2), 23–38.Google Scholar

Healey, Melina A. (2014) “Montana's Rural Version of the School-to-Prison Pipeline: School Discipline and Tragedy on American Indian Reservations.” Montana Law Review 75, 15–66.Google Scholar

Herrnstein, Richard J. & Murray, Charles (1994) The Bell Curve. The Reshaping of American Life by Difference in Intelligence. New York, Free Press.

Higbee, Jay A. (1966) Development and Administration of the New York State Law Against Discrimination. University, AL, University of Alabama Press.

Hirsch, Eric D. Jr. (1988) Cultural Literacy. What Every American Needs to Know. New York, Vintage Books.

Hobbes, Thomas (1651) Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill. London, Andrew Crooke.

Hobbes, Thomas (1681) “A Dialogue Between a Phylosopher and a Student of the Common Laws of England.” In The Art of Rhetoric, with a Discourse of the Laws of England. London, William Crooke.

Hollander, Jocelyn A. & Abelson, Miriam J. (2014) “Language and Talk.” In Handbook of the Social Psychology of Inequality, McLeod, Jane D. et al. (eds.), 181–206. Dordrecht, Springer.

Holoszyc-Pimental, Raphael (2015) “Reconciling Rational-Basis Review: When Does Rational Basis Bite?” New York University Law Review 90, 2070–2117.Google Scholar

Hopkins, Ann (2005) “ Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins: A Personal Account of a Sexual Discrimination Plaintiff.” Hofstra Labor and Employment Law Journal 22, 357–416.Google Scholar

Horton, John (1995) The Politics of Diversity: Immigration, Resistance, and Change in Monterey Park, California. Philadelphia, PA, Temple University Press.

HoSang, Daniel (2010) Racial Propositions: Ballot Initiatives and the Making of Postwar California. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press.

Hoxie, Frederick E. (1984) A Final Promise: The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880–1920. Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press.

Hrbková, Šárka (1919) Bridging the Atlantic. A Discussion of the Problems and Methods of Americanization. Lincoln, NE, State Council of Defense.

Hsieh, Marina (2001) “Language-qualifying Juries to Exclude Bilingual Speakers.” Brooklyn Law Review 66, 1181–1206.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. (2004) Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity. New York, Simon & Schuster.

Institute for Social Research, California State University, Sacramento (2010) 2010 Language Need and Interpreter Use in California Superior Courts. Sacramento, Judicial Council of California/Administrative Office of the Courts.

Jackman, William J., et al. (1911) History of the American Nation. Chicago, Western Press Association.

Jackson, Jeffrey D. (2011) “Be Careful What You Wish For: Why McDonald v. City of Chicago's Rejection of the Privileges and Immunities Clause May Not Be Such a Bad Thing for Rights.” Penn State Law Review 115, 561–606.Google Scholar

Jensen, Richard (1971) The Winning of the Midwest. Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896. Chicago/London, University of Chicago Press.

Jensen, Richard J. (2002) “‘No Irish Need Apply’: A Myth of Victimization.” Journal of Social History 36 (2), 405–429.Google Scholar

Joseph, John E. (2000) Limiting the Arbitrary: Linguistic Naturalism and Its Opposites in Plato's Cratylus and Modern Theories of Language. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA, John Benjamins.

Jung, David, Gallardo, Noemi & Harris, Ryan (2013) “A Local Official's Guide to Language Access Laws.” Hastings Race & Poverty Law Journal 10, 31–68.Google Scholar

Ka'awalowa, L. Kaipoleimanu (2014) “Translation v. Tradition: Fighting for Equal Standardized Testing ma ka ‘ōlelo Hawai'i.” University of Hawai'i Law Review 36, 487–527.Google Scholar

Karlan, Pamela S. (1995) “Our Separatism? Voting Rights as an American Nationalities Policy.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1995, 83–109.Google Scholar

Keyssar, Alexander (2000) The Right to Vote. The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York, Basic Books.

King, Thomas A. (2014) “How 11 Boston Transitional Bilingual Teachers Implemented and Resisted Sheltered English Immersion Following a Ballot Initiative Eliminating Bilingual Education on [sic] Massachusetts.” Unpublished EdD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Boston.

Kloss, Heinz (1998[1977]) The American Bilingual Tradition. McHenry, IL, Delta Systems/Center for Applied Linguistics.

Kracum, John (2014) “Comment: The Validity of United States v. Nazemian following Crawford and Its Progeny: Do Criminal Defendants Have the Right to Face their Interpreters at Trial?” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 104, 431–456.Google Scholar

Kuyper, Susan J. (1980) “The Americanization of German Immigrants: Language Religion and Schools in Nineteenth Century Rural Wisconsin.” Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Kymlicka, Will (1995) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Labadie-Jackson, Glenda (2008) “Warning: Silence Can Cause Severe Harm: Spanish Language and Civil Liability for Inadequate Warnings and Instructions.” Harvard Latino Law Review 11, 85–101.Google Scholar

Landreth, Natalie & Smith, Moira (2007) “Voting Rights in Alaska: 1982–2006.” Southern California Review of Law and Social Justice 17, 79–129.Google Scholar

Latin, Howard (1994) “‘Good Warnings’, Bad Products, and Cognitive Limitations.” UCLA Law Review 41, 1193–1295.Google Scholar

Lenneberg, Eric H. (1967) Biological Foundations of Language. New York, Wiley.

Levitt, Justin (2012) “Election Deform: The Pursuit of Unwarranted Electoral Regulation.” Election Law Journal 11, 97–117.Google Scholar

Lindemann, Stephanie (2005) “Who Speaks ‘Broken English’? US Undergraduates’ Perceptions of Non-Native English.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics 15 (2), 187–212.Google Scholar

Lloyd, Aaron T. (2009) “You're Next on the Tee, Just Remember to Speak English! Could the LPGA Really Force Players to Learn and Speak English?” Virginia Sports and Entertainment Law Journal 9, 181–217.Google Scholar

Lo, Lily (2011) “The Right to Understand Your Doctor: Protecting Language Access Rights in Healthcare.” Boston College Third World Law Journal 31, 377–401.Google Scholar

Lomawaima, K. Tsianina & McCarty, Teresa L. (2002) “When Tribal Sovereignty Challenges Democracy: American Indian Education and the Democratic Ideal.” American Educational Research Journal 39 (2), 279–305.Google Scholar

Lowrie, Walter & Franklin, Walter S. (1834) American State Papers. Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States. Washington, DC, Gales and Seaton.

Lüsebrink, Claire (1986) “Un défi à la politique de la langue nationale: La lutte autour de la langue allemande en Alsace sous la Révolution française.” Linx 15, 146–168.Google Scholar

MacIntyre, Alasdair (1988) Whose Justice? Whose Rationality? Notre Dame, IN, University of Notre Dame Press.

Matsubayashi, Yoshihide (1984) “The Japanese Language Schools in Hawaii and California from 1892 to 1941.” Unpublished EdD dissertation, University of San Francisco.

Matsuda, Mari (1991) “Voices of America: Accent, Antidiscrimination Law, and a Jurisprudence for the Last Reconstruction.” Yale Law Journal 100, 1329–1407.Google Scholar

McGovern, Shannon K. (2011) “A New Model for States as Laboratories for Reform: How Federalism Informs Education Policy.” New York University Law Review 86, 1519–1555.Google Scholar

McGowan, Miranda O. (2004) “Gay Rights After Lawrence v. Texas: From Outlaws to Ingroup: Romer, Lawrence, and the Inevitable Normativity of Group Recognition.” Minnesota Law Review 88, 1312–1345.Google Scholar

Mead, Margaret (1926) “Methodology of Racial Testing: Its Significance for Sociology.” American Journal of Sociology 31 (5), 657–667.Google Scholar

Mead, Margaret (1927) “Group Intelligence Testing and Linguistic Disability among Italian Children.” School & Society 25, 465–468.Google Scholar

Messina, Elizabeth G. (2010) “Perversions of Knowledge. Confronting Racist Ideologies behind Intelligence Testing.” In Anti-Italianism. Essays on a Prejudice, Connell, William J. & Gardaphé, Fred (eds.), 41–65. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.

Miller, Maxwell A., Davis, Lynn, Prestidge, Adam, & Eggington, William (2011) “Language in the Law: Finding Justice in Translation: American Jurisprudence Affecting Due Process for People with Limited English Proficiency Together with Practical Suggestions.” Harvard Latino Law Review 14, 117–154.Google Scholar

Misaki, Hisakichi (1927) “The Effect of Language Handicap on Intelligence Tests of Japanese Children.” MA thesis, Stanford University.

Moran, Rachel F. (1988) “The Politics of Discretion: Federal Intervention in Bilingual Education.” California Law Review 76, 1249–1352.Google Scholar

Mourgeon, Jacques (2003) Les droits de l'homme. Paris, Presses universitaires de France.

Muñoz, Laura K. (2001) “Separate but Equal? A Case Study of Romo v. Laird and Mexican American Education.” OAH Magazine of History 15 (2), 28–35.Google Scholar

National Education Association (1966) The Invisible Minority: Report of the NEA-Tucson Survey on the Teaching of Spanish to the Spanish-Speaking. Washington, DC, NEA.

Nepper, John A. (1919) “School Legislation in Nebraska.” Catholic Educational Association Bulletin 15 (4), 268–278.Google Scholar

Newman, JoNel (2007) “Ensuring that Florida's Language Minorities Have Access to the Ballot.” Stetson Law Review 36, 329–364.Google Scholar

Nguyen, Beatrice B. (1993) “Accent Discrimination and the Test of Spoken English: A Call for an Objective Assessment of the Comprehensibility of Nonnative Speakers.” California Law Review 81, 1325–1361.Google Scholar

Nussbaum, Martha (2006) Frontiers of Justice. Disability, Nationality, Species Membership. Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Nu'uhiwa, Breann (2015) “‘Language Is Never about Language’: Eliminating Language Bias in Federal Education Law to Further Indigenous Rights.” University of Hawai'i Law Review 37, 381–427.Google Scholar

Oh, Reginald C. (2004) “Vision and Revision: Exploring the History, Evolution, and Future of the Fourteenth Amendment: A Critical Linguistic Analysis of Equal Protection Doctrine: Are Whites a Suspect Class?” Temple Political and Civil Rights Law Review 13, 583–610.Google Scholar

Orwell, George (1945) Animal Farm: A Fairy Story. London, Secker and Warburg.

Orwell, George (1946) “Politics and the English Language.” Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art 13 (76), 252–265.Google Scholar

O'Sullivan, Matthew P. (2015) “Laboratories for Inequality: State Experimentation and Educational Access for English-Language Learners.” Duke Law Journal 64, 671–715.Google Scholar

Otto, William N. (1919) “Better American Speech Week.” The Educator Journal 20, 15–18.Google Scholar

Pasachoff, Eloise (2014) “Agency Enforcement of Spending Clause Statutes: A Defense of the Funding Cut-Off.” Yale Law Journal 124, 248–335.Google Scholar

Peal, Elizabeth & Lambert, Wallace (1962) “The Relation of Bilingualism to Intelligence.” Psychological Monographs: General and Applied 76 (27), 1–23.Google Scholar

Penfield, Wilder & Roberts, Lamar (1959) Speech and Brain Mechanisms. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.

Perea, Juan F. (1994) “Ethnicity and Prejudice: Reevaluating ‘National Origin’ Discrimination under Title VII.” William and Mary Law Review 35, 805–870.Google Scholar

Perez, Thomas E. (2003) “The Civil Rights Dimension of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Status.” In Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Smedley, Brian D., Stith, Adrienne Y., & Nelson, Alan R. (eds.), 626–663. Washington, DC, The National Academies Press.

Petrzela, Natalia M. (2010) “Before the Federal Bilingual Act: Legislation and Lived Experience in California.” Peabody Journal of Education 85 (4), 406–424.Google Scholar

Pintner, Rudolf (1923) “Comparison of American and Foreign Children on Intelligence Tests.” Journal of Educational Psychology 14 (5), 292–295.Google Scholar

Podberesky, Rosita, Deluty, Robert H., & Feldstein, Stanley (1990) “Evaluations of Spanish- and Oriental-Accented English Speakers.” Social Behavior and Personality 18 (1), 53–63.Google Scholar

Pollvogt, Susannah (2014) “Beyond Suspect Classifications.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 16, 739–803.Google Scholar

Portes, Alejandro & Schauffler, Richard (1994) “Language and the Second Generation: Bilingualism Yesterday and Today.” International Migration Review 28 (4), 640–664.Google Scholar

Powers, Jeanne M. & Patton, Lirio (2008) “Between Mendez and Brown: ‘Gonzales v. Sheely’ (1951) and the Legal Campaign Against Segregation.” Law & Social Inquiry 33 (1), 127–171.Google Scholar

Preston, Dennis (1996) “Where the Worst English Is Spoken.” In Focus on the USA, Schneider, Edgar (ed.), 297–360. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA, John Benjamins.

Preston, Dennis (2011) “The Power of Language Regard – Discrimination, Classification, Comprehension, and Production.” Dialectologia, Special issue II, 9–33.Google Scholar

Prucha, Francis P. (ed.) (2000) Documents of United States Indian Policy. Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press.

Purnell, Thomas, Idsardi, William, & Baugh, John (1999) “Perceptual and Phonetic Experiments on American English Dialect Identification.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 18, 10–30.Google Scholar

Radmann, Jana A. (2005) “Do You Speak English? A Study on English Language Proficiency Testing of Hispanic Defendants in U.S. Criminal Courts.” Unpublished MA Thesis, Louisiana State University.

Ramsey, Paul J. (2010) Bilingual Public Schooling in the United States. A History of America's “Polyglot Boardinghouse.” Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.

Rangel, Jorge C. & Alcala, Carlos M. (1972) “Project Report: De Jure Segregation of Chicanos in Texas Schools.” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 7 (2), 307–391.Google Scholar

Raskin, Jamin B. (1993) “Legal Aliens, Local Citizens: The Historical, Constitutional and Theoretical Meanings of Alien Suffrage.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 141, 1391–1470.Google Scholar

Rawls, John (1971) A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Rawls, John (1993) “The Law of Peoples.” In On Human Rights, Shute, Stephen & Hurley, Susan (eds.), 41–68. New York, Basic Books.

Rawls, John (2001) Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.

Re, Richard M. (2011) “Jury Poker: A Statistical Analysis of the Fair Cross-Section Requirement.” Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 8, 533–552.Google Scholar

Reardon, Sean F., Umansky, Ilana, Valentino, Rachel, Khanna, Ritu, & Wong, Christina (2014) “Differences Among Instructional Models in English Learners Academic and English Proficiency Trajectories.” Findings from the SFUSD/Stanford Research Partnership. www.edpolicyinca.org/sites/default/files/PACE%20slides%20feb2014.pdf.

Reyhner, Jon (1993) “American Indian Language Policy and School Success.” Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students 12, 35–59.Google Scholar

Richardson, James D. (1902) A Compilation of Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789–1902. New York, Bureau of National Literature and Art.

Richardson, John G. (1984) “The American States and the Age of School Systems.” American Journal of Education 92 (4), 473–502.Google Scholar

Rickford, John R. (1999) “The Ebonics Controversy in My Backyard: A Sociolinguist's Experiences and Reflections.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 3 (2), 267–275.Google Scholar

Rivera, Jenny (2007) “An Equal Protection Standard for National Origin Subclassifications: The Context Matters.” Washington Law Review 82, 897–965.Google Scholar

Rochmes, Daniel A. (2007) “Blinded by the White: Latino School Desegregation and the Insidious Allure of Whiteness.” Texas Hispanic Journal of Law and Policy 13, 7–22.Google Scholar

Rodin, Judith & Steinberg, Stephen P. (eds.) (2003) Public Discourse in America. Conversation and Community in the Twenty-First Century. Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania Press.

Rodriguez, Cristina M. (2006) “Language Diversity in the Workplace.” Northwestern University Law Review 100, 1689–1774.Google Scholar

Rorty, Richard (2007) Philosophy as Cultural Politics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Rose, Mary R. (1999) “The Peremptory Challenge Accused of Race or Gender Discrimination? Some Data from One County.” Law and Human Behavior 23, 695–702.Google Scholar

Ross, William G. (1994) Forging New Freedoms. Nativism, Education and the Constitution, 1917–1927. Lincoln, NE/London, University of Nebraska Press.

Rubert, Joel (2014) “Analyzing Calcrim 121: Are Bilingual Jurors ‘Triers of Fact’ or ‘Triers of Language’?” Orange County Lawyer 56, 32–34.Google Scholar

Rubin, Donald L. (1992) “Nonlanguage Factors Affecting Undergraduates’ Judgments of Nonnative English-Speaking Teaching Assistants.” Research in Higher Education 33 (4), 511–531.Google Scholar

Rubin-Wills, Jessica (2012) “Language Access Advocacy after Sandoval: A Case Study of Administrative Enforcement Outside the Shadow of Judicial Review.” New York University Review of Law and Social Change 36, 465–511.Google Scholar

Rugh, Jacob S. (2012) “Betrayal of the American Dream: Why Blacks and Latinos Were Hit Hardest by the U.S. Housing Crisis.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, Princeton University.

Rumbaut, Rubén G., Massey, Douglas S., & Bean, Frank D. (2006) “Linguistic Life Expectancies: Immigrant Language Retention in Southern California.” Population and Development Review 32 (3), 447–460.Google Scholar

Rush, Benjamin (1806 [1798]) Essays Literary, Moral and Philosophical. Ed. Philadelphia, Thomas and William Bradford.

Russell, Thomas D. (2011) “Keep Negroes Out of Most Classes Where There Are a Large Number of Girls.” In Law, Society, and History: Themes in the Legal Sociology and Legal History of Lawrence M. Friedman, Gordon, Robert W. & Horwitz, Morton J., (eds.), 309–336. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Ruttan, Rachel, McDonnell, Mary-Hunter, & Nordgren, Loran (2015) “Having ‘Been There' Doesn't Mean I Care: When Prior Experience Reduces Compassion for Emotional Distress.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 108 (4), 610–622.Google Scholar

Saer, D. J. (1923) “The Effect of Bilingualism on Intelligence.” British Journal of Psychology 14 (1), 25–38.Google Scholar

Salimbene, Franklyn P. (1997) “Court Interpreters: Standards of Practice and Standards for Training.” Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy 6, 645–672.Google Scholar

Salomone, Rosemary C. (2010) True American. Language, Identity, and the Education of Immigrant Children. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.

San Miguel, Guadalupe Jr. (1987) Let Them All Take Heed: Mexican Americans and the Campaign for Educational Equality in Texas, 1910–1981. Austin, TX, University of Texas Press.

San Miguel, Guadalupe Jr. (2004) Contested Policy. The Rise and Fall of Federal Bilingual Education in the United States, 1960–2001. Denton, TX, University of North Texas Press.

Sarason, Seymour B. & Doris, John (1979) Educational Handicap, Public Policy, and Social History: A Broadened Perspective on Mental Retardation. New York, Free Press.

Scanlon, T. M. (2000) “The Diversity of Objections to Inequality.” In The Ideal of Equality, Clayton, Matthew and Williams, Andrew (eds.), 41–59. Basingstoke, Macmillan.

Scaperlanda, Michael (2005) “Illusions of Liberty and Equality: An ‘Alien's’ View of Tiered Scrutiny, ad hoc Balancing, Governmental Power and Judicial Imperialism.” Catholic University Law Review 55, 5–53.Google Scholar

Schlieben-Lange, Brigitte (1996) Idéologie, révolution et uniformité de la langue. Bruxelles, Éditions Mardaga.

Sealing, Keith (2001) “Peligro! Failure to Warn of a Product's Inherent Risk in Spanish Could Constitute a Product Defect.” Temple Political and Civil Rights Law Review 11, 153–179.Google Scholar

Seller, Maxine S. (1979) Ethnic Communities and Education in Buffalo, New York: Politics, Power and Group Identity 1833–1979. Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo.

Selmi, Michael (2014) “The Evolution of Employment Discrimination Law: Changed Doctrine for Changed Social Conditions.” Wisconsin Law Review 2014, 937–1000.Google Scholar

Sen, Amartya (1999) “Democracy as a Universal Value.” Journal of Democracy 10 (3), 3–17.Google Scholar

Sen, Amartya (2009) The Idea of Justice. Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Sharif, Iman & Tse, Julia (2010) “Accuracy of Computer-Generated Spanish-Language Medicine Labels.” Pediatrics 125 (5), 960–965.Google Scholar

Sheridan, Clare (2003) “‘Another White Race’: Mexican Americans and the Paradox of Whiteness in Jury Selection.” Law and History Review 21, 109–144.Google Scholar

Shockley, John S. (1974) Chicano Revolt in a Texas Town. Notre Dame, IN/London, University of Notre Dame Press.

Shradar, Victor L. (1974) “Ethnic Politics, Religion and the Public Schools of San Francisco, 1849–1933).” Unpublished PhD dissertation, Stanford University.

Siegel, Reva (2011) “From Colorblindness to Antibalkanization: An Emerging Ground of Decision in Racial Equality Cases.” Yale Law Journal 120, 1278–1366.Google Scholar

Siegel, Reva (2013) “The Supreme Court 2012: Foreword.” Harvard Law Review 127, 1–94.Google Scholar

Sivasubrahmaniam, Diane & Heuer, Larry (2007) “Decision Makers and Decision Recipients: Understanding Disparities in the Meaning of Fairness.” Court Review 44, 62–70.Google Scholar

Skogly, Sigrun (1992) “Article 2.” In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Commentary, Eide, Asbjørn, Alfredsson, Gudmundur, Melander, Göran, Rehof, Lars Adam, & Rosas, Allan (eds.), 57–72. Oslo, Scandinavian University Press.

Smith, David Barton (2003) “Healthcare's Hidden Civil Rights Legacy.” Saint Louis University Law Journal 48, 37–60.

Smith, Frank (1923) “Bilingualism and Mental Development.” British Journal of Psychology 13 (3), 272–282.Google Scholar

Sommerfeld, Linda L. (1986) “An Historical Descriptive Study of the Circumstances That Led to the Elimination of German from the Cleveland Schools, 1860–1918.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, Kent State University.

Spack, Ruth (2002) America's Second Tongue. American Indian Education and the Ownership of English, 1860–1900. Lincoln, NE/London, University of Nebraska Press.

Sperino, Sandra F. (2011) “Rethinking Discrimination Law.” Michigan Law Review 110, 69–125.Google Scholar

Sracic, Paul A. (2006) San Antonio v. Rodriguez and the Pursuit of Equal Education. The Debate over Discrimination and School Funding. Lawrence, KS, University Press of Kansas.

State Justice Institute/National Center for State Courts (2013) A National Call to Action: Access to Justice for Limited English Proficient Litigants: Creating Solutions to Language Barriers in State Courts. Williamsburg, VA, National Center for State Courts.

Steele, Richard W. (1991) “‘No Racials’: Discrimination Against Ethnics in American Defense Industry, 1940–1942.” Labor History 32 (1), 66–90.Google Scholar

Strauss, Marcy (2011) “Re-evaluating Suspect Classifications.” Seattle University Law Review 35, 135–174.Google Scholar

Strong, Edward K. Jr. & Bell, Reginald (1933) Vocational Aptitudes of Second-Generation Japanese in the United States. Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press.

Strum, Philippa (2010) Mendez v. Westminster: School Desegregation and Mexican-American Rights. Lawrence, KS, University Press of Kansas.

Sutherland, Brian J. (2009) “Patchwork of State and Federal Language Assistance for Minority Voters: A Proposal for Model State Legislation.” New York University Annual Survey of American Law 65, 323–380.Google Scholar

Sweeney, Arthur (1922) “Mental Tests for Immigrants.” North American Review 215 (798), 600–612.Google Scholar

Szasz, Margaret Connell (1999) Education and the American Indian: The Road to Self-Determination since 1928. Ed. Albuquerque, NM, University of New Mexico Press.

Taylor, Paul S. (1971[1934]) An American Mexican Frontier: Nueces County, Texas. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Press.

Teitelbaum, Joel, Cartwright-Smith, Lara, & Rosenbaum, Sara (2012) “Translating Rights into Access: Language Access and the Affordable Care Act.” American Journal of Law & Medicine 38, 348–373.Google Scholar

Thompson, Frank V. (1920) Schooling of the Immigrant. New York/London, Harper and Brothers.

Tokaji, Daniel P. (2014) “Responding to Shelby County: A Grand Election Bargain.” Harvard Law & Policy Review 8, 71–108.Google Scholar

Toth, Carolyn (1990) German-English Bilingual Schools in America: The Cincinnati Tradition in Historical Context. New York, Peter Lang.

Treadwell, Harriette Taylor (1919) “Better Speech Week.” Primary Education 27, 604.Google Scholar

Tucker, James T. (2009) The Battle Over Bilingual Ballots: Language Minorities and Political Access Under the Voting Rights Act. Farnham, Surrey, UK, Ashgate.

Tussman, Joseph & tenBroek, Jacobus (1949) “Equal Protection of the Laws.” California Law Review 37, 341–381.Google Scholar

Tyack, David B. (1974) The One Best System. A History of American Urban Education. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.

Ulrich, Robert J. (1980) “The Bennett Law of 1889: Education and Politics in Wisconsin.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin.

Umansky, Ilana & Reardon, Sean (2014) “Reclassification Patterns Among Latino English Learner Students in Bilingual, Dual Immersion, and English Immersion Classrooms.” American Educational Research Journal 51 (5), 879–912.Google Scholar

United States Commission on Civil Rights (1975) A Better Chance to Learn: Bilingual Bicultural Education. Washington, DC, United States Commission on Civil Rights.

Uriarte, Miren, Tung, Rosann, Lavan, Nicole, & Diez, Virginia (2010) “Impact of Restrictive Language Policies on Engagement and Academic Achievement of English Learners in Boston Public Schools.” In Forbidden Language. English Learners and Restrictive Language Policies, Gándara, Patricia & Hopkins, Megan (eds.), pp. 65–85, New York/London, Teachers College Press.

Valencia, Richard R. (2008) Chicano Students and the Courts. The Mexican American Legal Struggle for Educational Equality. New York/London, New York University Press.

Volokh, Eugene (2001) “Freedom of Speech, Cyberspace, and Harassment.” Stanford Technology Law Review 2001, 3 an online journal article found at https://journals.law.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/stanford-technology-law-review-stlr/online/volokh-freedom-of-speech.pdf.Google Scholar

Warhol, Larisa (2012) “Creating Official Language Policy from Local Practice: The Example of the Native American Languages Act 1990/1992.” Language Policy 11, 235–252.Google Scholar

Welch, Susan (1990) “The Impact of At-Large Elections on the Representation of Blacks and Hispanics.” Journal of Politics 52, 1050–1076.Google Scholar

Wentworth, Laura, Pellegrin, Nathan, Thompson, Karen, & Hakuta, Kenji (2010) “Proposition 227 in California: A Long-Term Appraisal of Its Impact on English Learner Student Achievement.” In Forbidden Language. English Learners and Restrictive Language Policies, Gándara, Patricia & Hopkins, Megan (eds.), 37–49, New York/London, Teachers College Press.

Wertheimer, John (2009) Law and Society in the South: A History of North Carolina Court Cases. Lexington, KY, University Press of Kentucky.

Whelan, Frederick G. (1981) “Language and Its Abuses in Hobbes’ Political Philosophy.” American Political Science Review 75 (1), 59–75.Google Scholar

Wiese, Ann-Marie & García, Eugene E. (1998) “The Bilingual Education Act: Language Minority Students and Equal Educational Opportunity.” Bilingual Research Journal 22, 1–18.Google Scholar

Wilson, Steven H. (2003) “Whiteness and Others: Mexican Americans and American Law. Brown Over ‘Other White’: Mexican American Legal Arguments and Litigation Strategy in School Desegregation Lawsuits.” Law and History Review 21, 145–194.Google Scholar

Winstead, Teresa, Lawrence, Adrea, Brantmeier, Edward J., & Frey, Christopher J. (2008) “Language, Sovereignty, Cultural Contestation, and American Indian Schools: No Child Left Behind and a Navajo Test Case.” Journal of American Indian Education 47 (1), 46–64.Google Scholar

Wollenberg, Charles (1978) All Deliberate Speed. Segregation and Exclusion in California Schools, 1855–1975. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press.

Wyman, Roger E. (1968) “Wisconsin Ethnic Groups and the Election of 1890.” The Wisconsin Magazine of History 51 (4), 269–293.Google Scholar

Yoshino, Kenji (2011) “The New Equal Protection.” Harvard Law Review 124, 747–803.Google Scholar

Zeydel, Edwin H. (1964) “The Teaching of German in the United States from Colonial Times to the Present.” The German Quarterly 37, 315–392.Google Scholar

Zimmerman, Jonathan (2002) “Ethnics against Ethnicity: European Immigrants and Foreign Language Instruction, 1890–1940.” Journal of American History 88 (4), 1383–1404.Google Scholar