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6 - Atmospheric Observations and Inverse Modeling Approaches for Identifying Geographical Sources and Sinks of Carbon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2013

By
Anna M. Michalak
Edited by
Daniel G. Brown ,
Derek T. Robinson ,
Nancy H. F. French  and
Bradley C. Reed
Daniel G. Brown
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Derek T. Robinson
Affiliation:
University of Waterloo, Ontario
Nancy H. F. French
Affiliation:
Michigan Technological University
Bradley C. Reed
Affiliation:
United States Geological Survey, California
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Summary

Introduction

Identifying the geographic distribution of sources (i.e., emissions, efflux) and sinks (i.e., uptake, sequestration) of carbon (C), as well as the temporal variability in these C fluxes, is important for a variety of reasons. These include (1) improving the current understanding of the global C cycle and the processes controlling flux variability, (2) using this increased understanding to improve the ability to predict how the C cycle will evolve under future climate conditions, and (3) evaluating the effectiveness of C management strategies aimed at either reducing emissions or increasing C uptake.

A complicating factor in understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of C fluxes is the fact that these fluxes cannot be observed directly at scales beyond one or several square kilometers. C fluxes can be measured directly in the laboratory at very fine scales, and eddy covariance flux observations, such as those provided by the FLUXNET (e.g., Baldocchi et al. 2001) and AmeriFlux (e.g., Hargrove, Hoffman, and Law 2003) networks can be used to directly infer C fluxes with footprints of approximately 1 km2, depending on site characteristics (e.g., see Chapter 10). To understand C fluxes and their controlling processes at climate- and policy-relevant scales, however, estimates of flux ranging from ecoregion to global scales are needed.

Type
Chapter
Information
Land Use and the Carbon Cycle
Advances in Integrated Science, Management, and Policy
 , pp. 144 - 177
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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